Analysis And Interpretation Of Literature

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Plot

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Is a pattern of events . Plot is essentially an intellectual formation about the relations among the incidents in the story and is therefore a guiding principle for the author and an ordering structure for the reader .

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Foreshadowing

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Refers to predictive events,hints or clues that point toward some later plot development or situation .

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Rising action

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The struggle that ensues in the story will build rising action and come to a head in the story's climax.

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Denouement

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Conclusion that is bound to follow

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5 basic elements of a plot

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●exposition

●rising action

●climax or crisis

●falling action

●denouement or conclusion

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Point of view

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The narrator usually tells the story seeing things from a different perspective .

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First person narrative

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Narrator is the participant in the story

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Third person limited narrative

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Writer focuses on the actions and thoughts of only some of the characters

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Third person omniscient narrative

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Writer uses an all knowing or seeing narrator who is aware of PRIVATE thoughts and emotions.

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Third person objective narrative

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Writer acts as an impartial observer providing little comment on the story's development or event

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Second person narrative

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Uses "you"

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The attitudes of the author are not necessarily the same as___

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Those of the narrator

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Stream of consciousness

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Technique allows the writer to show the reader the thought processes of a particular character

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Flashback

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Allows characters to more concretely refer to a specific event from their past

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Characterization

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The way the author defines and presents a particular character

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Dialogue

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Judgements based on the characters actions or dialogue or what they say

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Dialect

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Regional variation of language

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Genre

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Fiction creates imaginary worlds

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Novels and short stories are told in ___

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Prose

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Prose

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No rhyme. Just telling a story of what is happening just as we speak when telling a story on a daily basis

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Fiction uses narrative to ___

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Shape an imaginary world

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Fictions imitates ___

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Reality

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A short story is a narrative told in ___

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Prose

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What type of story is 1 to 75 pages long?

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A short story.

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What defines a short story?

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It can be read in a single setting. There are only one or two characters that are important .

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What writer defined a short story ?

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Edgar Allen Poe

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Mimesis

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Representation of reality

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Narrative is represented in___

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Symbols and codes of Human meaning and communication system fiction cannot represent reality directly

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Narrative require selection and exclusion of experience in ___

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Meaningful relation.

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4 key elements to create relations

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●coincidence

●parallels

●Opposites

●Repetition

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7 general elements present in short stories are

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●plot

●point of view

●character

●Setting

●Symbol

●Theme

●Tone

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Narrative is integral to____

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Human experience

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Turning point

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Things change irrevocably for the character

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Climax

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Main point escalates

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Exposition

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"Setting up" the scene; location, situation , and characters in place

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What Greek philosopher had a precise definition of plot?

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Aristotle

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What 3 things should a plot have?

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●unity

●imitate one action

●be a "whole"

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What is a flat character ?

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1 dimensional personality (ex: Scrooge)

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What is a round character?

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They have a combination of traits and they react in more interesting and complicated ways

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Satire

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Caricatures , large abstract , cartoonish

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Denotation

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Internal meaning of a word

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What 4 things are considered a setting ?

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●geological

●characters occupation

●Time period

●general environment

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A setting will identify ___

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The place and the world of the story itself

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Characters in fiction are generally designed to open up or explore certain aspects of ____

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Human nature

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Connotation

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The authors use of one word over another

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Denotation

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Literal meaning of a word

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The setting will also determine ____

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The mood of the story

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Symbol

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A thing that suggests more than its literal meaning

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Theme

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A central and unifying idea about human experience that grows out of all other elements in the story

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Tone will be found ___

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In the first line of the story

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Tone

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How the author uses language to develop the tone of the speaker or narrative

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Diction

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Word choices . Reflects the overall mood or tone of the piece.

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Abstract language

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Poets use this to create an image to express the way something looks in terms of something else

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Concrete language

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Exactly what something looks like realistically

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alliteration

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Repetition of a constanant sound - do or die; safe and sound. A common use for alliteration is emphasis. It occurs in everyday speech in such prhases as "tittle-tattle," "bag and baggage," "bed and board," "primrose path," and "through thick and thin" and in sayings like "look before you leap."

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allusion

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reference in one literary work to a character or theme found in another literary work.a brief reference to a person, event, place, or phrase. The writer assumes will recognize the reference. For instance, most of us would know the difference between a mechanic's being as reliable as George Washington or as reliable as Benedict Arnold. Allusions that are commonplace for readers in one era may require footnotes for readers in a later time.

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assonance

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Repetition of vowel sounds

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antagonist

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character struggles against somone or something - man against himself; mand against man; man against society; man against nature.

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bathos

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Pextreme anticlimax

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didactic

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strong, lectruing voice

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enjambment

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the running of one line of poetry into the next without a break for the rhyme or syntax

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exposition

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opening; beginning portion of plot which background information is set forth

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irony

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conflict between appearance and reality; Romeo & Juliet - audience knows she's sleeping, Romeo thinks she's dead.

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metaphor

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Comparing two unlike things that have something in common - "I think the sun is a flower that blooms for just one hour". Implicit comparison between two unlike things.

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onomatopoeia

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Word which imitates a sound - bang; pop; hiss; sizzle

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parallelism

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an arrangement of the parts of a composition so that elements of equal importance are balanced in construction.

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personification

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something non-human given human characteristics

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simile

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as a metaphor but uses 'like' or 'as

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soliloquy

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speech while alone, or talking to self

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synonym

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work with the same meaning

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synecdoche

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part used for the whole or the whole for the part

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monologue

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speech by one person

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foils

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character who enables us to see one or more other characters better - Tom Sayer (romantic) for Huck Finn (realism).

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allegory

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standing for qualities or concepts rather than for actual personages.Figurative treatment of one subject disguised under another subject.

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fable

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a short moral story (often with animal characters

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parable

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a simple story that illustrates a moral or religious lesson

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dramatic monlogue

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a speech delivered by a character expressing emotion towards an unresponsive audience

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feminine rhyme

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a rhyme of two syllables, one stressed and one unstressed, as "waken" and "forsaken" and "audition" and "rendition." Feminine rhyme is sometimes called double rhyme or internal rhyme.