Analgesic Drugs

Front 1

Acute Pain

Back 1

Pain that is sudden in onset, usually subsides when treated, and typically occurs over less than a 6-week period

Front 2

Adjuvant analgesic drugs

Back 2

Drugs that are added for combined therapy with a primary drug and may have additive or independent analgesic properties, or both.

Front 3

Analgesic Ceiling effect

Back 3

What occurs when a given pain drug no longer effectively controls a patient's pain despite the administration of the highest sage dosages

Front 4

Analgesics

Back 4

Medications that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness
AKA Painkillers

Front 5

Breakthrough Pain

Back 5

Pain that occurs between doses of pain medication

Front 6

Central Pain

Back 6

Pain resulting from any disorder that causes central nervous system damage

Front 7

Chronic Pain

Back 7

Persistent or recurring pain that is often difficult to treat. Includes any pain lasting longer than 3-6 months, pain lasting longer than 1 month after healing of an acute injury, or pain that accompanies a nonhealing tissue injury

Front 8

Deep pain

Back 8

Pain that occurs in tissues below skin level; opposite of superficial pain

Front 9

Neuropathic Pain

Back 9

Pain that results from a disturbance of function or pathologic change in a nerve

Front 10

Nociceptors

Back 10

A subclass of sensory nerves (A & C fibers) that transmit pain signals to the CNS from other body parts

Front 11

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Back 11

A large, chemically diverse group of drugs that are analgesics and also possess antiinflammatory and antipyretic activity but are not corticosteroids

Front 12

Opioid Analgesics

Back 12

Synthetic drugs that bind to opiate receptors to relieve pain

Front 13

Pain

Back 13

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.

Front 14

Pain Threshold

Back 14

The level of stimulus that results in the sensation of pain.

Front 15

Phantom pain

Back 15

Pain experienced in the area of a body part that has been surgically or traumatically removed.

Front 16

Referred Pain

Back 16

Pain occurring in an area away from the organ or origin

Front 17

Somatic Pain

Back 17

Pain that originates from skeletal muscles, ligaments, or joints

Front 18

Superficial Pain

Back 18

Pain that originates from the skin or mucous membranes; opposite of deep pain

Front 19

Vascular Pain

Back 19

Pain that results from pathology of the vascular or perivascular tissues

Front 20

Visceral Pain

Back 20

Pain that originates from organs or smooth muscles

Front 21

Potential Opioid Adverse Effects

Back 21

Constipation
Nausea/Vomiting
Sedation & Mental Clouding
Respiratory Depression
Subacute Overdose

Front 22

Normal Range

Alkaline Phosphatase

Back 22

30-120 units/L

Front 23

Normal Range

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT); formerly serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)

Back 23

4-36 units/L
Elderly may have slightly higher levels than the adult

Front 24

Normal Range

Gama-glutamyl transferase (GGT)

Back 24

Male/female 45 years of age & older: 8-38 units/L

Front 25

Normal Range

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST); formerly called serum glutamic-oxalocetic tranaminase (SGOT)

Back 25

0-35 units/L

Front 26

Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)

Back 26

100-190 units/L

Front 27

Codeine Sulfate (D)
Opioid analgesia-Adults

Back 27

15-60 mg tid-qid

Front 28

Codeine Sulfate (D)
Relief of cough-Peds 2-5 yo

Back 28

PO/SQ/IM: 2.5-5 mg q4-6h not to exceed 30 mg/day

Front 29

Codeine Sulfate (D)
Relief of cough-Peds 6-11 yo

Back 29

5-10 mg q4-6h

Front 30

Codeine Sulfate (D)
Relief of cough-Adult & Peds >12 yo

Back 30

10-20 mg q4-6h not to exceed 120 mg/day

Front 31

Fentanyl (D)
(Duragesic, Oralet, Actiq)
Relief of moderate to severe acute pain-Peds

Back 31

IV/IM: 0.5-2 mcg/kg/dose

Front 32

Fentanyl (D)
(Duragesic, Oralet, Actiq)
Relief of moderate to severe acute pain-Adult

Back 32

IV/IM: 50-100 mcg/dose titrated to response via continuous infusion

Front 33

Fentanyl (D)
(Duragesic, Oralet, Actiq)
Relief of chronic pain-Adult

Back 33

Duragesic (transdermal) patch: 12.5-200 mcg/hr q72h;

Front 34

Meperidine HCl (D)
(Demerol)
Not recommended for Peds due to seizure risk

Back 34

PO/IM/IV/SQ: 1-1.8 mg/kg q3-4h prn (max 100 mg/dose)

Front 35

Meperidine HCl (D)-Adult
(Demerol)

Back 35

PO/IV/IM/SQ: 50-150 mg q3-4h prn

Front 36

Methadone (D)-Adult
Opioid detox
(Dolophine)

Back 36

PO/IM/IV/SQ: 2.5-10 mg q8-12h;
40 mg or more once daily for opioid addiction maintenance

Front 37

Morphine Sulfate (D)
Opioid analgesia-Peds <6 mo
(MSIR, Roxanol)

Back 37

PO: 0.1mg/kg/dose q3-4h prn
IV/IM/SQ: 0.03-0.05 mg/kg q2-4h prn

Front 38

Morphine Sulfate (D)
Opioid analgesia-Peds >6 mo
(MSIR, Roxanol)

Back 38

PO: 0.2-0.5 mg/kg/dose q4h prn
IV/IM/SQ: 0.05-0.2 mg/kg q2-4h prn

Front 39

Morphine Sulfate (D)
Opioid analgesia-Adult
(MSIR, Roxanol)

Back 39

PO: 10-30 q4h prn
IV/IM/SQ: 2.5-15 mg q2h-6h prn

Front 40

Morphine Sulfate continuous-release (D)
Relief of moderate to severe pain-Adult ONLY
(MS Contin, Oramorph, Kadian, Avinza)

Back 40

PO: 15 mg q8h to 200 mg q8-12h

Front 41

Oxycodone, immediate release (D)
Relief of moderate-severe pain-Peds
(OxylR)

Back 41

PO: 0.1-0.3 mg/kg q3h prn

Front 42

Oxycodone, immediate release (D)
Relief of moderate-severe pain-Adults
(OxylR)

Back 42

PO: 5-20 mg q4-6h prn

Front 43

Oxycodone, continuous release (D)
Relief of moderate-severe pain-Adults ONLY
(OxyContin)

Back 43

PO: 10-160 mg q8-12h

Front 44

naloxone HCl
Treatment of opioid overdose-Peds
(Narcan)

Back 44

IV: 0.01 mg/kg followed by 0.1 mg/kg if needed
IV: 0.0005-0.01 mg/kg-repeat at 2-3 min intervals

Front 45

naloxone HCl
Post-operative anesthesia reversal-Peds
(Narcan)

Back 45

IV: 0.0005-0.01 mg/kg-repeat at 2-3 min intervals

Front 46

naloxone HCl
Post-operative anesthesia reversal-Adults
(Narcan)

Back 46

IV: 0.1-0.2 mg-repeat at 2-3 min intervals

Front 47

naloxone HCl
Treatment of opioid overdose-Adults
(Narcan)

Back 47

IV: 0.4-2.0 mg-repeat in 2-8 min if needed

Front 48

Naltrexone HCl
Maintenance of opioid-free state-Adults

Back 48

PO: 50 mg q24h or 100 mg every other day

Front 49

Acetaminophen (B)
Relief of mild-moderate pain-Peds
(Tylenol, others)

Back 49

PO/PR: variable doses by age from 40-480 mg q4-6h

Front 50

Acetaminophen (B)
Relief of mild-moderate pain-Adults
(Tylenol, others)

Back 50

PO/PR: 325-650 mg q4-6h; not to exceed 3 g/day
In alcoholics, not to exceed 2 g/day

Front 51

Tramadol
Relief of moderate-moderately severe pain-Adults
(Ultram)

Back 51

PO: 50-100 mg q4-6h; not to exceed 400 mg/day

Front 52

morphine sulfate
(schedule II)

Back 52

Route: IM
Onset of Action: Rapid
Peak Plasma Concentration: 30-60 min
Elimination half-life: 1.7-4.5 hr
Duration of Action: 6-7 hr

Front 53

codeine sulfate
(Schedule II)

Back 53

Route: PO
Onset of Action: 15-30 min
Peak plasma concentration: 34-45 min
Elimination half-life: 2.5-4 hr
Duration of action: 4-6 hr

Front 54

Fentanyl
(Schedule II)

Back 54

Route: IV
Onset of Action: Rapid
peak plasma concentration: minutes
elimination half-life: 1.5-6 hr
duration of action: 30-60 min

Front 55

Fentanyl
(Schedule II)

Back 55

Route: Transdermal
Onset of Action: 12-24 hr
peak plasma concentration: 48-72 hr
elimination half-life: delayed
duration of action: 13-40 hr

Front 56

Fentanyl
(Schedule II)

Back 56

Route: PO
Onset of Action: 5-15 min
peak plasma concentration: 20-30 min
elimination half-life: 5-15 hr
duration of action: unknown

Front 57

Naloxone HCl

Back 57

Route: IV
Onset of Action: less than 2 min
peak plasma concentration: rapid
elimination half-life: 64 min
duration of action: 0.5-2 hr

Front 58

Acetaminophen

Back 58

Route: PO
Onset of Action: 10-30 min
peak plasma concentration: 0.5-2 hr
elimination half-life: 1-4 hr
duration of action: 3-4 hr