Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the 4 major sedative groups?
|
Phenothiazines
Butyrophenones Benzodiazepines a2 agonists |
|
|
What properties do the Phenothiazines have?
|
antipsychotic
neuroleptic (reduces aggression and agitation) anxiolytic (reduces anxiety without causing sedation) |
|
|
How do phenothiazines affect the CNS?
|
Antagonise dopamine
Tranquiliser (affects mood) Sedation (causes drowsiness) NO ANALGESIC PROPERTIES |
|
|
How do phenothiazines affect the CVS?
|
They block a1 receptors
Vasodilation and hypotension Antiarrythmic action |
|
|
What are the 6 phenothiazines?
|
Acepromazine
Promazine Promethazine Chlorpromazine Propionylpromazine Methotrimeprazine |
|
|
What class of sedative is Acepromazine?
|
Phenothiazine
|
|
|
Discuss the pharmacokinetics of ACP?
-method -duration -metab/excretion |
Give IM or IV (20 and 5 min onset, respectively) - IM preferred
PO has low bioavailability and is unpredictable Duration is 4-6 hours Metab in liver, excreted in urine |
|
|
ACP potentiates the actions of which other classes of drugs?
|
Opiods
GA's, esp barbituates LA's |
|
|
Cautions for ACP use?
|
Boxers prone to syncope
Giant breeds more sensitive Lowers body temp Priapism in stallions |
|
|
Which is the ONE phenothiazine with analgesic properties?
|
Methotrimeprazine - used in SA immobilon
|
|
|
What affect do BUTYROPHENONES have on the CNS and CVS?
|
CNS: dopamine antagonism
sedative action antiemetic CVS: vasodilation and hypotension |
|
|
What are 3 main BUTYROPHENONES?
|
Azaperone
Fluanisone Droperidol |
|
|
Azaperone
-type of sedative -animal use -pharmacokinetics |
-Butyrophenone
-Used to sedate/modify behaviour in pigs for tx of aggression and fighting -deep IM injection with 2-3 hour duration of action |
|
|
What is FLUANISONE used for?
|
Combined with FENTANYL in "Hypnorm" for neurolept analgesia in small furries
|
|
|
MOA of Benzodiazepines?
|
Potentiation of GABA-mediated inhibition.
GABA binds to the GABAa receptor to open a Cl channel, thus hyperpolarising the neuron and reducing chances of action potentials. |
|
|
What are CNS and CVS affects of benzodiazepines?
|
CNS: anxiolyic action
muscle relaxation anticonvulsant CVS: minimal effect |
|
|
4 main BENZODIAZEPINES
|
Diazepam
Midazolam Climazolam Tolezepam |
|
|
Diazepam
-pharmacokinetics -effects |
-insoluble in water so dissolved in propylene glycol "valium"
i/v or PO rapid onset v long lasting -variable CNS sedation muscle relaxation good for really sick/young animals THE epileptic drug |
|
|
Name the water soluble benzodiazepine
|
Midazolam
used as an appetite stimulator, similar to diazepam |
|
|
CNS and CVS effects of a2 agonists
|
CNS: SEDATION due to presynaptic inhibition of NA release
ANALGESIA via brain, spinal cord and peripheral tissues MUSCLE RELAXATION CVS: vasoconstriction hypertension |
|
|
Endocrine role of a2-agonist?
|
Inhibits ADH, promoting diuresis
Inhibits insulin, causing hyperglycaemia |
|
|
Main 5 a2-agonists
|
Xylazine
Medetomidine Dexmedetomidine Romifidine Detomidine |
|
|
Xylazine
-spectrum -method -kinetics |
-cows, horses, cats and dogs - but cows 10x more sensitive!! dont use i/v with them
-IM cats, dogs, cows, i/v horses -onset 5 min, duration 20 min -in cats and dogs, reduce barbituate dose by 50% for premeds |
|
|
What characteristics does a typical a2-agonist have?
|
Vasoconstriction
Hypertension Analgesia Sedation |
|
|
Detomidine
-spectrum -method -kinetics |
-horses
-IM or i/v -longer duration of action (1-2 hours) used with opiods (butorphenol) to improve sedation |
|
|
Medetomidine
-spectrum -method -kinetics |
-dogs and cats
-IM, i/v or SC -duration 30-180 min use with an opiod because of insane vasoconstriction, not good in heart problems metab in liver, out in kidneys |
|
|
Dexmedetomidine
-why over medetomidine? -kinetics -spectrum |
-less side effects, shorter acting and the dex isomer of it
-antiarrythmic, very very short acting -cats and dogs |
