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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anaerobes are more frequently involved in ______________ infections (infections involving more than one bacterial species). |
polymicrobic |
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Infections may follow ___________, vascular _________, or tissue ___________. |
trauma, stasis, necrosis |
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Exogenous infections - ____________ source |
external |
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Endogenous infections - arises from sources ____________ the host |
within |
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Obligate anaerobes - ___________ use oxygen |
do not |
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Facultive anaerobes - grow in either the ____________ or _____________ of oxygen |
presence, absence |
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Microaeorphilic - _____________ oxygen |
reduced |
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Human infections are easily established in areas of ____________ damage, _____________, metastatic spread of bacteria with the formation of _____________ abscesses. |
tissue, bacteremia, distant |
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In human infections a ______________ chain of events may occur. |
progressive |
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Most common species in human infection: Clostridiums, ___________________, Prevotella, _____________________ and Fusobacterium. |
Bacteriocides fragilis, porphyromonas |
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__________________ was historically the antibiotic of choice. |
Penicillin G |
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Anaerobic infections are associated with high _______________ and _______________. |
Mortality and morbitiy |
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Antibiotic therapy is different than that of ______________ and _______________ anaerobic bacteria. |
aerobic and facultative |
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Prompt ____________ intervention may be necessary. |
surgical |
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Skin - anaerobes that colonize the _________________ _________________ and hair follicles. |
sebaceous glands |
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Respiratory - these particular anaerobes should be suspected in any infectious process occurring in the ____________ ___________. |
Oral cavity |
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GI - colon, ____________ _______________ infection would be likely if the organism escapes from the GI tract. |
peritoneal cavity |
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Conditions that predispose individuals to disease: Human or animal ___________. Aspiration of oral contents into the ___________, after vomiting. Tooth extraction, _________ _____________ or traumatic puncture of the oral cavity. GI surgery or traumatic puncture of the ____________. Genital tract surgery or traumatic puncture of the _____________________. Introduction of _____________ into the wound. |
bite lung oral surgery GI tract genital tract soil |
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Indications of involvement of anaerobes: Infection in close proximity to a _______________ surface, foul _________, large quantities of ____________, black or brick-red flourescence, presence of ____________ granules and distinct morphological characteristics in __________ ___________ preparations. |
mucosal odor gas sulfur gram stained |
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Isolation of Anaerobic Bacteria: Similar to those for _____________ _____________. Proper selection, _______________ and transport. All materials collected from sites not harboring indigenous flora should be _______________ for anaerobic bacteria. |
bacterial infections collection cultured |
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Selection of Media: Media should include _________________, _________________, and ____________________ types.
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selective, nonselective and enrichment types |
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CNA and ________ agar. _______ fluid |
PEA Thio |
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Prior to use, plates are held for ____-_____ hours in an anerobic jar in ______% N, _____%H2 and ____% CO2. |
4-16 85 10 5
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Principles for optimal recovery of anaerobes: Proper _____________ and _____________ of the clinical sample. Processing of specimens with minimal exposure to _____________. Use of fresh ____________. Proper use of __________________ system. |
collection and trasport oxygen broth anerobic |
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Anaerobic systems for the cultivation of Anaerobic bacteria: Anaerobic _____ techniques. Use of the Anaerobic _________ box. Anaerobic disposable _____________ bags. Anaerobic ______________ jar. |
jar glove plastic holding |
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Bacteroides Fragilis Most often isolated from infections of _____________. Part of indigenous microbiota of _______________ tract. |
humans Intestinal |
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Bacteroides Fragilis Characteristics: Nonmotile, gram _________ rods with ______________ ends. Broth cultures tend to be _________________. Many strains are _______________. |
negative rounded pleomorphic encapsulated |
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Bacteroides Fragilis Infections: Involved in ____% of anaerobic peritoneal infections. Causes ______________ associated with intraabdominal infections. Abscesses |
90 bacteremia |
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Bacteroides Fragilis has a high resistance to ______________. |
Penicillin |
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Propionibacterium Frequently a contaminant of _______________ cultures. Part of the normal flora of the ___________, nasopharynx, ___________ cavity, GI and _________ tract. |
blood skin oral GU |
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Propionibacterium - characteristics _______________ in appearance, very pleomorphic. Often ________________ stained in gram procedure. Gram _____________, nonspore. Indole and catalase ________________. |
Diphtheriod unevenly positive positive |
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Actinomyces Species - Characteristics Gram stain smears may reveal characteristic _______________ granules. Gram ___________ but variable in length. |
Sulfur positive |
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Actinomyces israelii Most common species in _____________ infections. Normal colonizer of the ___________, _______________, and mouth. Chronic phase is also known as "______________ _____________". |
clinical vagina, colon classic phase |
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Clostridium - Characteristics Gram ____________ spore forming bacilli. Vary in ____________ relationship. C. ________________ most isolated species from human sources. Commonly found among normal flora of the _____ __________. |
positive oxygen perfringens GI tract |
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Gas gangrene _____% C, perfringes Rapid invasion, ___________ of muscle with ________ formation and clinical signs of ____________. Gram stained smears reveal a ____________________ background with a lack of ____________________ cells. |
80 necrosis gas toxicity necrotic inflammatory |
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Intestinal disease involving C. perfringens: ____________ most common etiologic agent of foodborne illness in the US. Most strains involve toxin type ___________. Illness tends to be _________ and self-limiting. Complication - _____________ bowel disesae (NBD). |
Third A Mild Necrotizing |
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Clostridium Ramosum Predominant member of the large __________ flora. Particularly common intraabdominal infections, following ___________. Resistant to penicillin G and ______________. Ferments _____________. |
bowel trauma clindamycin mannitol
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Clostridium Septicum Usually isolated from serious, often __________ infections. Tends to be ____________________, sometimes producing long thin filaments. Hydrolyzes _____________. Does not produce ________________. Ferments ___________ but not mannitol. |
fatal pleomorphic gelatin indole lactose |
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Clostridium difficile associtated Intestinal Disease: Severity of illness are highly __________. Toxin A - _____________, capable of producing fliud accumulation. Toxin B - potent __________________. Motility _______________ factor. |
variable enterotoxin cytotoxin altering |
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Collection and Transport - Clostridum Passed _____________, semisolid fecal specimens preferred Swab specimens are __________________. Formed stool specimens are ____________________ unless an epidemiological study of the stool carriage is being conducted. Biopsied material or _____________ contents are obtained by colonoscopy are preferred. Leak proof, _____________ containers should be used. Specimens should not remain at room temp for longer than _________. |
liquid inappropriate lumen plastic 2 hours |
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Lab diagnosis of C. difficile Isolation and identifcation of _____________ from stool specimen by preforming a latex agglutination test or an __________________ immunoassay (EIA). Can be isolated by use of the ___________ selection technique. PEA or _____ anaerobe blood agar. Distinctive __________. |
toxin, enzyme spore CDC odor |
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Botulism Life threatenting ________________ disease. Caused by ___________ toxins. Many cases are caused by types A, B, ___ and F. Prevents release of ____________ at the peripheral nerve endings.
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neuroparalytic protein E acetylcholine |
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Botulism: Four categories recognized by CDC. ___________ poisoning ___________ botulism Wound _____________ Classification _______________ |
Food Infant botulism undetermined |
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Tetanus: Usually involves _________________ persons in the US Dramatic illness characterized by __________ contractions of voluntary muscles and hyperflexia ________________ are widely distributed in the soil and aquatic environments. Diagnosis is based on ____________ and not laboratory findings |
unimmunized sporatic spores clinical |
