Anaerobes

Front 1

how are anaerobic infections usually manifested and how are they usually treated?

Back 1

usually form from inoculation in normally sterile site and form an abscess of mixed anaerobe and aerobes. treat by debridement and antibiotics

Front 2

what antibiotic is good for most anaerobes and has a low incidence of resistance?

Back 2

metronidazole

Front 3

important properties of Actinomyces?

Back 3

gram pos rods, facultative or strictly anaerobic, slow, filamentous morphology looks like fungi

Front 4

describe the disease caused by actinomyces/

Back 4

hard swelling or draining with some pain, yellow sulpher like exudate.

Front 5

epidemiology of actinomyces?

Back 5

no known environmental source, no person to person, endogenous, poor hygeine and immunocompromised get it

Front 6

actinomyces like to make biofilms on what?

Back 6

IUDs

Front 7

treatment for actinomyces?

Back 7

surgical debridement and prolonged antibiotic therapy, use penicillin, Resistant to metronidazole

Front 8

basic properties of bacteroides?

Back 8

gram neg rod, likes bile, pleomorophic, sorta nontoxic LPS, possible capsule, eats plants

Front 9

epidemiology of bacteroides?

Back 9

some species are good gut commensals, B fragilis is minor component of gut but often seen with disease usually after surg/trauma so it gets to where it is not supposed to be

Front 10

virulence factors of bacteroides?

Back 10

adhesins (capsule and fimbrae), enterotoxins (metalloprotease) and cytotoxic enzymes, capsule that is antiphagocytic and induces abscess formation, catalase and super oxide dismutase to resist oxygen toxicity

Front 11

diseases caused by bacteroides?

Back 11

usually polymicrobial. intraab infections: intestinal abscess and obstruction, lysis can lead to bacteremia; skin infections, bacteremia, gastroenteritis (watery diarrhea), gyn infections (usually abscesses)

Front 12

diagnosis of bacteroides?

Back 12

pleomorphic rods on gram stain, culture, grow on bile media,

Front 13

treatment for bacteroides?

Back 13

penicillin resistant, metroindazole, carbapenems, B lactams with lactamase inhibitors, surgical debridement

Front 14

basic properties of fusobacterium?

Back 14

pleomorphic gram neg rods, colonizes GI and GU tracts, pathogen if in throat, make butyric and proprionic acid

Front 15

disease caused by fusobacs?

Back 15

lemierre's syndrome, bacs in carotid sheath, fever, jugular thrombophlebitis, can cause septic emboli to lung, affects healthy teens, begins with sore throat, pain/swelling at jaw. other diseases include sinusitis, brain abscess, necrotizing pneumonia, intrab infection, septic arthritis

Front 16

what are the virulence factors of F. nucleatum? F. necrophorum?

Back 16

leukotoxin, hemolysin, LPS, phospholipase, protease. LPS, adhesisns, proteases, leukotoxins

Front 17

what bacs are responsible for acne and what is their morphology?

Back 17

propionibacterium, small gram pos rods usually in chains

Front 18

disease process of acne?

Back 18

neutros come to propionobacs, phagocytoze them, more bac stuff is released and more neutros come, thus it is mainly an inflammatory response

Front 19

treatment for propionibacs?

Back 19

erythro or clindamycin if serious acne, try benzoyl peroxides

Front 20

key points about provetella?

Back 20

gram neg bacilli, members of oral flora, periodontitis

Front 21

key points of peptostreptococcus?

Back 21

gram pos coccus, mucosa and skin, fastidious growth, penicillin, vanc etc