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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What group of neck muscles lies superior to the hyoid bone? Inferior?
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Suprahyoid muscles, infrahyoid muscles
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What are the sources of innervation of the sternocleidomastiod: Motor and proprioception?
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CN XI=motor
procrioception via C2 and C3 |
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What is torticollis, its 2 forms and which is most common?
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Torticollis is a laterally flexed neck due to SCM spasm
Congenital torticollis is most common Spasmodic torticollis |
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What level is the hyoid bone located at?
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C3
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What are the parts of the hyoid bone?
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Body, greater and lesser horns
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What muscle is located in the superficial fascial of the neck and what is it innervation?
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Platysma, CN VII
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What are the 3 layers of deep cervical fascia in the neck? Function?
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Investing layer, pretracheal, and prevertebral
Control the spread of fluids |
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Where is the investing layer of deep cervical fascia of the neck located and what structures lie within it? What fascial structure is it continuous with?
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Encircles the neck, contains the SCM, trapezius, and submandibular gland.
Continuous with the capsule of the parotid gland |
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What are the superior attachments of the investing layer of DCF?
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Superior nuchal line, mastoid process, zygomatic arch and spinous processes of cervical vertebrae
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What are the inferior attachments of the investing layer of DCF?
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Acromion\spine of scapula, clavicle, manubrium
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What space is created by the attachment of the investing layer of fascia to the manubrium?
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suprasternal space
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What are the 2 divisions of the pretracheal DCF?
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Muscular and visceral
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What is the pretracheal DCF continuous with in the thorax?
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Pericardium
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What muscles are invested by the pretracheal DCF? Why not suprahyoid muscles?
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Infrahyoid muscles, because superior attachment is to the hyoid bone
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What structures are within the pretracheal fascia?
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Thyroid gland, trachea, esophagus
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What fascia is the pretracheal fascia continuous with superiorly?
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buccopharyngeal fasia
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What muscles\structures are invested by the prevertebral fascia and what fascias is it continous with?
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Vertebral column, true back muscles, endothoracic fascia and axillary sheaths
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Why are the carotid sheaths of clinical concern?
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they provide a pathway for infections to spread from the cranium to the mediastinum
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What fascial layers is the carotid sheath connected to?
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All 3 deep cervical fascial layers of the neck
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What are the contents of the carotid sheath?
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Common\internal carotid A, Vagus nerve, internal jugular v, deep cervical lymph nodes, sympathetic fibers, carotid sinus nerve
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Where is the retropharyngeal space located? Superior and inferior borders\structures? FUnction?
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posterior to the pretracheal cervical fascia, closed superiorly at the base of skull, opens to mediastinum
Permits independent movement of viscera and vertebrae |
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Spread of infection between Investing & muscular pretracheal layers?
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Stops at manubrium
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Spread of infection between Investing & visceral pretracheal layers?
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spreads to thorax
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Spread of infection in retroperitoneal space?
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affects speech and swallowing but stays contained
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If you have swelling\infection within the prevertebral sheath where would it manifest?
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You would have bulging in the posterior triangle. Posterior to the SCM
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What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?
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SCM, trapezius, clavicle
Floor:Prevertebral fascia Roof:Investing fascia Apex:superior nuchal line |
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What 5 muscles form the floor of the posterior triangle?
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Splenius capitis, levator scapulae, Posterior\Middle Anterior scalenes
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What muscle is just passing through the posterior triangle?
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inferior belly of the omohyoid
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What is the scalene gap?
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Space between the anterior and middle scalenes where the brachial plexus and subclavian A pass through
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What is the posterior triangle split into by the inferior belly of the omohyoid m.?
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Occipital triangle and the subclavian triangle
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What nerve courses along the superficial surface of the levator scapulae muscles through the posterior triangle?
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CN XI
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Where does the brachal plexus exit the posterior triangle?
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Between the clavicle and first rib in the cervicoaxillary sheath
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What anterior rami form the cervical plexus? The brachial plexus?
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C1-C4, C5-C8
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Where is the cervical plexus located?
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Deep to the SCM
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What anterior rami contribute to the ansa cervicalis? Where is it located?
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C1-C3, just external to carotid sheath deep to SCM
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What muscles are supplied by the ansa cervicalis?
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infrahyoid muscles
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What nerve courses along the anterior scalene and what rami give rise to it?
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Phrenic, C3,4,5
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What are the superficial branches of the cervical plexus(sup to inf) and their spinal nerve levels?
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Lesser occipital(C2)
Great auricular(C2-C3) Transverse cervical(C2-C3) Supraclavicular nerves(C3-C4) |
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What is the common convergence of the superficial nerves of the neck?
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nerve point of the neck
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What are the 2 origins of the subclavian artery?
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Right from brachiocephalic trunk
left from aorta |
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What are the 4 branches of the subclavian artery pertaining to the posterior triangle?
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Internal thoracic artery, thyrocervical trunk, vertebral artery, and costocervical trunk
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What are the 3 branches of the thyrocervical trunk?
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Inferior thyroid, transverse cervical and suprascapular aa
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Where does the occipital artery arise? What does it supply?
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From the external carotid near the apex of the posterior triangle, posterior scale
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Where is the external jugular vein located? What veins\regions does it receive blood from and where does it empty?
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Between the platysma and the SCM in the superficial fascia. Drains the scalp and side of face. Recieves blood from the suprascapular, transverse cervical and anterior jugular vv
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What are the 2 divisions of lymph in the neck and what veins do they follow? Clinical correlation?
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Deep follows the internal jugular vein, superficial follows the external jugular vein. Inferior deep cervical nodes serve as sentinal nodes for metastisis from thorax and abdomen
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What structures form the roof and floor of the anterior triangle?
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Roof= platysma
Floor=larynx, pharynx, and thyroid gland |
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Give the skeletal stuctures from superior to inferior that are located in the anterior triangle?
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Hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, trachal rings
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What are the 3 suprahyoid muscles?
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myelohyoid, stylohyoid, digastics(anterior and posterior belly)
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What are the infrahyoid muscles?
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Omohyoid,sternohyoid, sternohyoid,thyrohyoid
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