An101

Front 1

Descent

Back 1

-The way you trace ancestry
-Socially recognized ties of ancestry betwen a person and his or her ancestor
-Culturally organized so it varies

Front 2

How many categories of Descent are there?

Back 2

2 broad categories
-UNILINEAL:Patrilinel-form of ancestry that traces descent thru the father;Matrilineal-form of ancestry that traces descent thru mother
-COGNATIC: traces descent thru both males and females and not in a single lineal way

Front 3

Hunter-gatherers traced ancestry thru ...

Back 3

cognatic

Front 4

modern european ways not always unilineal because...

Back 4

less need to develop clear line to pass down if moving around with only conjugal family

Front 5

agriculture caused

Back 5

people to become more violent, more obsessed with land control

Front 6

After Roman Empire

Back 6

cognatic replaces unilineal

Front 7

China represents what form of descent

Back 7

Cognatic

Front 8

Matriarchy

Back 8

type of political system in which most power is in the hands of women

Front 9

sex is determined

Back 9

biologically

Front 10

Gender is determined

Back 10

by culturally and socially transmitted norms

Front 11

4 traits of Convergent structure of GENDER across culture

Back 11

1. Gender is socially constructed/defined/approved
2. all societies build gender around a bienary category
3. in addition to 2 categories, some cultures have 3rd category
4. marriage is universal, but how it applies varies

Front 12

In societies with two dominent gender categories where defined oppositional, there is a tendency to define mascoulinity in terms of

Back 12

competitive tested achievement

Front 13

strong emphasis on fem. in terms of ... and ... that defines them as women

Back 13

body / reproduction

Front 14

achievement demensions in womens roles

Back 14

having a baby

Front 15

emphasis on ... and ... is a critical resource in how ppl rank themselve

Back 15

female/ female honor and virtue

Front 16

modern times and gender
4 points...

Back 16

1. gender in a symmetric direction
2. public achievement is less gender marked
3. testosterone gives edgy competitive advantage for professions that males historically had advantage over
4. allocate warfare function to smaller group and therefore let other men who aren't warriors pursue other professions

Front 17

economy

Back 17

is a system that organizes the ownership, production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services within society.

Front 18

Gary Becker said that

Back 18

economy extends to family unit and to goods and services

Front 19

good

Back 19

material entity with a perceived value/ benefit

Front 20

services

Back 20

have a perceived benefit

Front 21

goods and services

Back 21

reguarded as valuable
-perception of use drives economy

Front 22

Kula in the Tribrolands

Back 22

traded red shell necklaces, and whiteshell armbands
-utility benefit, complex system of trade based on balanced reciprocity

Front 23

mystery of economy:

Back 23

different societies create profoundly different uses, benefits, and needs.

Front 24

All economies are embedded:

Back 24

system is not just determined by marketplace but by array of institutions in society.

Front 25

Chinese Capitalism is premised on

Back 25

family trust rather than law

Front 26

Chinese capitalism is historically

Back 26

layer-less
-layers will insult other partner; shows distrust
-rely on personalized trust and social networks

Front 27

Xinong Guanxi

Back 27

where business is conducted;honor based network

Front 28

Western Capitalism

Back 28

strong emphasis on state-back law to enforce contract
-tday contract must be negotiated by business partners and lawyers

Front 29

Property rights/owernship

Back 29

refer to socially recognized rules of assigning inclusion and exclusion with regards to who is allowed in

Front 30

Bridget Bordeiux

Back 30

against animal cruelty; was anti-Muslim- believed their method of slaughter is cruel because they slit the throat.

Front 31

all societies have

Back 31

multiple and complex systems of property rights

Front 32

Dutch

Back 32

pro-choice when comes to body; allow prostitution, euthanasia, abortion

Front 33

no system is

Back 33

absolutely private or social

Front 34

all societies

Back 34

one type of property tends to dominate depending on how the society focuses on moral and social status.

Front 35

production

Back 35

transformation of human labor and resources into useful goods and resources

Front 36

way production is organized is based

Back 36

on level of technology in that society

Front 37

In every society, most important line of divisions is

Back 37

GENDER= major criterior to determine where tasks are assigned

Front 38

division of labor
ex) Foragers-

Back 38

tendency for woman to be roughly equal to men
-division of labor reinforced gender equity

Front 39

Inuit/Eskimo

Back 39

hunter/gatherer/forager society massively dependent on hunting, introduces a resemblance of gender imbalance even if woman is the person cookin, man is hunting

Front 40

spike in ... equality starts with ... also results in a spike in ...

Back 40

spike in (gender) equality starts with (agriculture) also results in a spike in (populations)

Front 41

Distribution

Back 41

pumps goods and services through society; in all societies there are multiple systems of distribution but usually only one prevails

Front 42

market exchange

Back 42

distribution mediated by simple supply and demand; social identity blind

Front 43

Social Reciprocity

Back 43

Exchange by two partners in which goods and services are exchanged on the basis of an enduring social relation
-hidden economy without which the market economy could not work

Front 44

Redistribution

Back 44

transfer of goods from several sources to one central authority for later reallocation from the authorityl implies presences of inequality within society

Front 45

consumption

Back 45

movement in economic process in which goods and services are used

Front 46

material bias

Back 46

assumption that people are driven to consume primary material needs

Front 47

people work MORE as society becomes more

Back 47

modern and affluent

Front 48

Foragers work ... hours per day

Back 48

3-5
-have an affluence of time

Front 49

Industrial societies work ... hours per day

Back 49

9-11

Front 50

the most distinctive human trait is

Back 50

the brain

Front 51

Bands

Back 51

small group of related people occupying a common territory and possessing an informal and rudimentary form of gov't?

Front 52

bands had ... # of ppl

Back 52

100-500

Front 53

Band coordination

Back 53

weak

Front 54

people lived in ... societies the longest

Back 54

band