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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do seminal vesicles produce in the bull? |
Seminal fluid/seminal plasma |
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What do seminal vesicles produce in the stallion? |
Gel fraction |
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What is the name of enlarged tubules? |
Ampulla |
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These "enlarged tubules" are actually an enlargement of...? |
Vas deferans |
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In what species is the ampulla not present? |
Boar |
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What is the function of the urethralis muscle? |
Contractions of the pelvic urethra cause semen to move into the penile urethra (bulb of urethra) |
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The crura has a muscle origin of what corpus cavernosum tissue?
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Corpus cavernosum penis |
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What is the role of the Ischiocavernosus muscle in the process of erection in the Bull? |
Contracts, pulling the crura against the pelvic bone and restricts the venous return of blood from the corpus cavernosus tissue to allow erection |
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What is the function of the bulbocavernosus muscle during the process of ejactulation in the bull? |
The bulbocavernosus muscle contracts on the bulb of the urethra causing a pressure wave down through the corpus cavernosum urethra during ejaculation |
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Name the pair of muslces that relax to allow erection |
Retractor penis muscle |
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Name the S shape configuration of the fibroelastic penis |
Sigmoid flexture |
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What is the purpose of the sigmoid flexture? |
"Shortening"/"Storage" of the penile shaft into the body cavity |
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Describe the characteristics of the glans penis during the copulatory process with the female of the bull
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Counter clockwise rotation of about 300 degrees |
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Name the double invagination of skin which contains and covers the free portion of the penis when not erect |
Prepuce |
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Name the band of tissue which prevents the spiral deviation of the glans penis in young bulls.. |
Frenulum |
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Volume of semen for dairy |
6 ml |
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Volume of semen for Beef |
4 ml |
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Volume of semen for Buck |
0.8 - 1.9 ml |
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Volume of semen for sheep |
1 - 2 |
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Volume of semen for swine |
225 - 400 |
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Volume of semen for horses |
60 - 100 |
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Flehman response |
A behavior or posture - curling of the upper lip that serves to open the Nasopalatine duct to allow pheromones to reach the vomeronasal organ, a complex structure that transports the "pheromone" signal to a specific area of the brain - the Accessory Olfactory Bulb |
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What non-farm species does not have the cowpers gland? |
Dog |
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What species have the disseminate prostate? |
Ruminants and boar |
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What species do not have a prostate body? |
Ram and buck |
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What species do not have seminal vesicles?
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Dog and cat |
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Route of sperm transport (11 stops) |
1. Seminiferous tubules 2. Tubuli recti 3. Rete testis 4. Efferent ducts 5. Caput proximal then distal 6. Corpus epididymis 7. Cauda 8. Vas deferans 9. Ampulla (except boar) 10. Colliculus seminalis 11. Urethra |
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Spermiation: |
Release by the sertoli cells into seminiferous tubules |
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Testi capsule: |
Tunica albuginea - causes pressure with some smooth muscle contraction |
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Seminiferous tubules: |
Myoid cells contract (independent of sexual activity) |
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Efferent ducts and caput: |
Fluid absorption causing the sperm to be drawn toward the epididymis (capillary action) |
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Leydig cells contain ________ receptors. |
LH |
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What do leydig cells produce? |
Testosterone stimulated by LH from AP |
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What receptors do the sertoli cells contain? |
FSH and testosterone receptors |
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The sertoli cells form "_________ junctions" - separate basement and adluminal compartments. |
tight |
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What do the sertoli cells secrete? |
Antimullerian hormone, androgen binding protein, inhibin, activin and aromatase |
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Bilateral cryptorchid |
both testes dont descend |
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Unilateral cryptorchid |
only one testi does not descend |
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Monorchidism |
one testis is absent or has not descended into the scrotum. |
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Anorchidism |
absence of one or both testes |
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Testiconda |
Testis situated in the abdomen |
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List the events in the life of the sperm and the egg |
1. Capacitation 2. Hyperactive motility 3. Binding to the ZP 4. Acrosomal reaction 5. Penetration of ZP 6. Sperm-oocyte membrane fusion 7. Sperm engulfed 8. Decondensation of sperm nucleus 9. Formation of male pronucleus |
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How long is gestation for a mare? |
11 months |
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What is the time of placental take over for the mare?
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70 days |
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__________________ in cattle - cause by isocupressic acid (ICA) a corticosteroid-like product. |
Pine needle abortion |
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What three enzymes are involved in the transformation of progesterone to estrogen? |
17 alpha hydrolase Desmolase Aromatase |
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List 6 drugs used for prostaglandin F2 alpha |
Lutylase PostaMate In-Synch Synchsure estroPLAN Estrumate |
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What drug is used for the synchronization of time of insemination in weaned sows to facilitate a single fixed time artificial insemination? |
Ovugel - a GnRH agonist |
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What are two GnRH drugs used? |
Factrel and GONAbreed |
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List progestin drugs
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MGA, CIDR, Matrix and regumate |
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Regumate suppresses what in what species? |
estrus in mares |
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What drug is used for synchronization of estrus in sexually mature gilts that have had at least one estrous cycle? |
Matrix |
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What are two GnRH agonists? |
Sucromate and Ovugel |
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PG600 cannot do what? |
Will not stimulate heat in femle pigs that are already displaying estrous cycles Cannot be used to synchronize heat in cycling sows and gilts |
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What are the restrictions for PG 600? |
Gilts cannot be cycling Need to be greater than 5 1/2 months of age Gilts should express heat 3-4 days following treatment |
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________________ (non cycling) (and weaned sows) can be effectively synchronized with PG 600. |
Prepubertal gilts |
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What is an hCG drug? |
Chorulon |
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What is used for the treatment of frequent or constant heat due to cystic ovaries in cows? |
hCG drug - chorulon |
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What does the drug improvest do? |
Temporarily and immunologically block gonadotropin releasing factor, which reduces the levels of androstenone and skatole in mature male pigs - the primary source of off odors in pork |
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What drug is a gonadotropin releasing factor analog? |
Improvest |
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Fescue toxicity causes what: |
Ergot causes inhibition of prolactin release and thus milk production |
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Stage 1 parturition effects: |
Uterine contractions Dilation of the cervix Rupture of the chorio-allantois (end of stage 1) |
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Stage 2 of parturition effects: |
Entrance of the fetus into the birth canal Oxytocin release Abdominal press Amniotic sac ruptures and expulsion of the fetus during the end of 2nd stage of parturition |
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Stage 3 of parturition effects: |
Expelling fetal membrane |
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You can give the mare oxytocin ONLY after day ____________ of gestation. |
320 |
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How can you prevent retained placentas? |
Vaccinate for brucellosis and leptospirosis Make sure vitamin A, E and Selenium are not deficient in diet Dont hae cows over-conditioned at calving Have sanitary calving conditions |
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In females, the ___________ becomes the proper ovarian ligament and the round ligament of the uterus. |
Gubernaculum |
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Testosterone is produced in bilateral cryptorchids. TRUE OR FALSE |
TRUE |
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What is known as the fight or flight muscle?
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External cremaster muscle |
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Fertile lifespan of ova in mare |
6 -8 hours |
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Fertile lifespan of sperm in horse |
72 - 120 hours |
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What is the timing of ovulation of the horse? |
1-2 days before end of estrus |
