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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Historical Origins of cultural anthropology
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-born out of imperialism
-curiosity, exoticism -trade -conquest, cooperate, or convert |
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Salvage anthropology
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collect information on cultures that are quickly dying out
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Archeology
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study of past civilizations through material remains
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Linguistic Anthro
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study of language
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Biological Anthro
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study of humans as species
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Sociocultural Anthro
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study of living, human groups to determine underlying patterns of culture
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Applied Anthro
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changing human behavior to solve contemporary problems
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Holism
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all social sciences blended together
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Comparative
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based on comparing; related to ethnologies
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Anthropology is not...
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-list of traits or behaviors
-about saying anything goes -about evalutation or hierarchy |
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Core Assumptions
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-human beings are animals with certain basic needs, social, and capable of learning
-human beings can change their behavior and enviro |
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Cultural Relativism
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-cultures can only be judged relative to one another and beliefs must first be understood in context of its own culture
-perception is relative to what we know |
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Unilineal Cultural Evolution
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all societies follow the same path
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Critique: Historical particularism
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Boas says that cultures develop based on needs and histories not in stages
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Ethnocentrism
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One culture is superior to others
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Metaphors for culture
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water in which we swim
blueprint quilt |
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Reify, reification as misplaced concreteness
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Trying to make culture into a concrete thing
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oxymorons of culture
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-universal specificity
-making the strange familiar and the familiar strange -participant observer -subject, object -culture created by us/us by it |
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ethnography
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written account of a particular group
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ethnology
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a comparative study of certain cultural groups
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ideal behavior
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what we expect to happen; norms; not statistical
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real behavior
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what actually happens; usually changes with time
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core questions
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-what is unique about humans?
-how are groups formed? -what is the nature of belief, economic exchange, and self? -how do we study these things? |
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critiques of ethnography
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-presenting community in spacial isolation
-romanticising -subjectivity and observer bias -hard to retest |
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biological universal
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biology is the most universal thing
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fieldwork
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tricking and tripping example
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key respondent
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someone who gives information throughout fieldwork
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entree
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entrance into group
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rapport
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building a connection with people
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hypothesis testing
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"to give up on words" example
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sociolinguistics
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field emphasizing the study of the social correlates to variations in speech patterns
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primary obligations
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is to the people you are studying
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advocates
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speaking and helping the people you study
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informed consent
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asking permission and telling people that you are studying them
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general reciprocity
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amoung close friends; gift giving without expecting anything of immediate return
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balanced reciprocity
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exchange with expectation that equivalent gift will be returned within a specified period of time
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negative reciprocity
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exchange between equals in which they try and take advantage of each other
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leveling mechanism
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actively surpessing over-achieving usu in regard to limited supplies
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redistribution
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goods are given to a central authority and then given back out to the people in a different pattern
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market exchange
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goods are bought and sold usu through standardized currency
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cultural zero
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when you expect something to happen and then it doesn't
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productivity and redistribution
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people work harder to produce more and out perform
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women and gift giving
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traditional gender roles say that it is women's work to preserve relationships; card example
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