Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Definition of Attachment
Kagan 1978 |
"An intense emotional relationship that is specific to two people, that endures over time and in which prolonged separation from the partner is accompanied by stress and sorrow" (p. 542 Gross)
|
|
|
PERSPECTIVES & APPROACHES TO ATTACHMENT
Name the 4 different perspectives associated with Attachment Theory |
1. Psychodynamic
2. Behaviourist 3. Biological 4. Ethological |
|
|
PERSPECTIVES & APPROACHES TO ATTACHMENT
Who's Psychodynamic Theory of attachment was based on an instinctive bond with the mother because of her ability to provide food? |
FREUD 1926
|
|
|
PERSPECTIVES & APPROACHES TO ATTACHMENT
Name the developmental stage in which Freud suggested attachments were formed |
ORAL STAGE - gratification from oral stimulation ie. Sucking, biting and eating.
|
|
|
PERSPECTIVES & APPROACHES TO ATTACHMENT
Which perspective suggests that bonds are formed with the mother because of the classically conditioned association of Mother = Food |
BEHAVIOURIST
|
|
|
PERSPECTIVES & APPROACHES TO ATTACHMENT
Who suggested that the condition of food was not the only bonding association between mother & child? |
HARLOW & ZIMMERMAN
1959 |
|
|
PERSPECTIVES & APPROACHES TO ATTACHMENT
Who was the foremost theorist on Attachment from the Biological Perspective and in which years did he formulate his theories? |
JOHN BOWLBY
1969 1973 |
|
|
PERSPECTIVES & APPROACHES TO ATTACHMENT
How did Bowlby suggest that attachments are formed? |
Mothers = Genetically programmed to care for offspring
Children = genetically programmed to depend on mother |
|
|
PERSPECTIVES & APPROACHES TO ATTACHMENT
What word did Bowlby use to define the concept that 'a mother's love is everything?' |
MONOTROPY
|
|
|
PERSPECTIVES & APPROACHES TO ATTACHMENT
Who disagreed with Bowlby's theory of Monotropy by suggesting that babies could form equally meaningful attachments with other carers. |
RUTTER
1981 |
|
|
PERSPECTIVES & APPROACHES TO ATTACHMENT
Which theorists disagreed with Bowlby's suggestion of genetically programmed attachment by proposing that food & comfort were not the only reasons for attachment? |
SCHAFFER & EMMERSON
1964 |
|
|
PERSPECTIVES & APPROACHES TO ATTACHMENT
The Ethological Perspective suggests 'imprinting' as a reason for attachment in animals, but who suggested this theory and which animals did he use in his experiments? |
KONRAD LORENZ
GEESE |
|
|
PERSPECTIVES & APPROACHES TO ATTACHMENT
What is meant by the term 'IMPRINTING'? |
An animal's immediate response of believing the first thing they come into contact with (regardless of species) is their mother.
THE UGLY DUCKLING SYNDROME (amy's own suggestion!) |
|
|
STAGES OF ATTACHMENT
Name the 4 stages of Attachment as proposed by Shaffer & Emerson and the ages at which each stage is apparent. |
1. Pre-Attachment 0-3 months
2. Indiscriminate Attachment 3-7 months 3. Specific Attachment 7-9 months 4. Multiple Attachment 9+ months |
|
|
Who devised 3 types of attachment and in what years were her theories developed?
|
Mary Ainsworth
1969 1970 |
|
|
THE PHASES OF ATTACHMENT
At which phase is a general preference for human beings over inaminate objects displayed? |
1. PRE-ATTACHMENT
|
|
|
THE PHASES OF ATTACHMENT
At which phase does the child smile more at familiar faces but does not mind being cared for by a stranger? |
2. INDISCRIMINATE ATTACHMENT
|
|
|
THE PHASES OF ATTACHMENT
At which phase does the child develop 'object permanence', 'stranger-fear' and 'separation anxiety'? |
3. SPECIFIC ATTACHMENT
|
|
|
THE PHASES OF ATTACHMENT
At which phase does a child begin to form strong bonds with others ie. siblings, grandparents, non-caregivers & other children? |
4. MULTIPLE ATTACHMENT
|
|
|
TYPES OF ATTACHMENT
Which psychologist studied 28 babies in Uganda and observed their individual attachments to their mothers? In what year? |
MARY AINSWORTH
1967 |
|
|
TYPES OF ATTACHMENT - EXPERIMENTS
Who created and developed 'The Strange Situation' experiment in Baltimore USA and in what years? |
AINSWORTH & WITTIG
1969 AINSWORTH & BELL 1970 |
|
|
TYPES OF ATTACHMENT - EXPERIMENTS
What were the procedures involved in the Strange Situation and why was this experiment implemented to research attachment? |
To observe a childs behaviour when; left alone by the mother, faced with a stranger and on the mother's return.
Observing the behaviour on the mother's return gave a better idea of the child's attachment to her. |
|
|
TYPES OF ATTACHMENT
What are Mary Ainsworth's 3 types of attachment |
TYPE A: Insecure-Avoidant (15%)
TYPE B: Secure (70%) TYPE C: Insecure-Resistant (15%) |
|
|
TYPES OF ATTACHMENT
Which type of attachment is displayed in a child who shows no interest in their mother |
INSECURE - AVOIDANT
|
|
|
TYPES OF ATTACHMENT
Which type of attachment is displayed in a child who, on their mother's return, shows signs of happiness and goes to her for comfort? |
SECURE ATTACHMENT
|
|
|
TYPES OF ATTACHMENT
Which type of attachment is displayed by a child who, on their mother's return, shows anger and hostility towards mixed with clinging and needy behaviour LOVE - HATE |
INSECURE - RESISTANT
|
|
|
TYPES OF ATTACHMENT
Who, and in what year, developed the 'caregiving sensitivity theory' and what is it ? |
MARY AINSWORTH
1974 Sensitive mothers have more securely attached babies Insensitive mothers have less well attached babies |
|
|
TYPES OF ATTACHMENT
The 3 'S's of Attachment Theory |
SENSITIVITY
STIMULATION SEPARATION |
|
|
OTHER THEORIES OF ATTACHMENT
A mother's sensitivity and a child's own innate temperament as a basis for attachment are part of which psychological debate? |
NATURE vs NURTURE
|
|
|
TYPES OF ATTACHMENT - EXPERIMENTS
Who criticised the Strange Situation for being artificial? |
LAMB ET AL
1985 |
|
|
ATTACHMENT - long term effects.
Who observed 'affectionless psychopathy' in 14 out of 44 juvenile thieves and attributed their adolescent behaviour to prolonged separation from their mothers (maternal depreivation) before the age of 5? |
BOWLBY
1946 |
|
|
ATTACHMENT - GLOSSARY
PRIVATION |
The failure to acquire an early attachment
|
|
|
ATTACHMENT - GLOSSARY
DEPRIVATION |
The loss of an established attachment bond
|
|
|
ATTACHMENT - GLOSSARY
SEPARATION ANXIETY |
The anxiety felt when separated from an attachment figure
|
|
|
ATTACHMENT - GLOSSARY
OBJECT PERMANENCE |
The ability to realise that an object still exists if it is not in view - PIAGET
|
