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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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SCHIZOPHRENIA DEFINITIONS
Schizophrenia was initally called dementia praecox by who and in what year? |
KRAEPLIN
1896 |
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SCHIZOPHRENIA DEFINITIONS
Who coined the phrase "schizophrenia" and in what year? |
BLUELER
1911 |
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SCHIZOPHRENIA DEFINITIONS
What does schizophrenia literally mean? |
SPLIT MIND
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SCHIZOPHRENIA DEFINITIONS
Who claimed that schizophrenia tended to appear in childhood and included dementia as a symptom? |
KRAEPLIN
1913 |
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SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Who devised the 'first rank symptoms" of schizophrenia and in what year? |
SCHNEIDER
1959 |
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SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
What are Schneider's 4 first rank symptoms of schizophrenia |
1. AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS
2. THOUGHT DISTURBANCES 3. PASSIVITY EXPERIENCES 4. PRIMARY DELUSIONS |
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SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Name two types of auditory hallucinations? |
1. Perception of stimuli not actually present ie. hearing things
2. Distortion of real noise |
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SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Name three types of thought disturbances |
1. Thought withdrawal
2. Thought broadcasting 3. Thought insertion |
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SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Name four types of Passivity Experiences |
1. Somatic Passivity
2. Made Feelings 3. Made Impulses 4. Made Acts |
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SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Name four types of delusions |
1. Grandeur
2. Persecution 3. Reference 4. Nihilism |
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SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
What two other types of hallucinations (other than auditory) are often experienced by Schizophrenics? |
Visual hallucinations - seeing things
Somatosensory Hallucinations - feelings things in the body Depersonalisation - Feeling a separation of body from "self" |
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SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
What is meant by 'thought withdrawal'? |
The belief that thoughts are being withdrawn by external agencies
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SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
What is meant by thought insertion? |
The belief that thoughts are being inserted by external agencies
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SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
What is meant by thought broadcasting? |
The belief that thoughts are being broadcast to others
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SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
What is 'somatic passivity'? |
The patient passively receives influences on, or about, body
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SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
What are 'Made Feelings'? |
The individual experiences feelings that seem to contradict their own cognition ie. hunger, thirst, anger etc.
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SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
What are 'Made Impulses'? |
the patient has an awareness of actions produced by part of self that are contradictory to their own wishes or thoughts
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SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
What are 'Made Acts'? |
The whole of the patients being is controlled by an external force - rather like an automaton
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SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Give an example of a delusion of Grandeur |
I am God!
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SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
What is meant by a delusion of persecution? |
The patient believes that everyone is out to get them.
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SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
What is a delusion of Reference? |
The patient believes that he is being referred to all the time eg. the news reader is speaking to and about him
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SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
What is a delusion of nihilism? |
Nothing is real, the world is separate and far away from the patient. Cannot be convinced they are part of the world
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SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
What is the Capgras Syndrome? |
A delusion in which one believes family members to be imposters (often seen in dementia and Alzheimer's)
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SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Who devised 4 additional symptoms of Schizophrenia and in what year? |
SLATER & ROTH
1969 |
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SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Name Slater & Roth's 4 additional symptoms of Schizophrenia |
1. Thought Process Disorder
2. Disturbances of Affect (emotional disturbances) 3. Pyschomotor Disturbances 4. Lack of Volition |
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SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
thought process disorders(Slater & Roth 1969) are defined as what? |
No attentional focus
Sensory Overload Going off on tangents Incoherent speech including neologisms - word salad Taking everything literally |
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SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
What are the three types of Disturbances of Affect? |
1. Blunted Affect - impassive response to emotional situations
2. Flattened Affect - same as blunted but applicable to everything 3. Inappropriate Affect - giggling at bad news, getting angry at a gift |
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SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Name 5 types of Catatonic Behaviour (Psychomotor Disorders) |
1. Catatonic Stupor
2. Catatonic Excitement 3. Automatic Obedience 4. Waxy Flexibility 5. Stereotypy |
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SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
What is meant by 'Lack of Volition'? |
Withdrawal and loss of interest in life, friends and environment
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TYPES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Name the four main types of Schizophrenia |
1.SIMPLE
2. HEBEPHRENIC 3. CATATONIC 4. PARANOID |
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TYPES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Describe the characteristics of Simple Schizophrenia |
Individual is -
Aimless Lacks drive Difficulty making friends |
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TYPES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Describe the characteristics of Hebephrenic Schizophrenia |
Most severe
incoherent language delusions vivid hallucinations flattened affect extreme withdrawal |
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TYPES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Describe the symptoms of Paranoid Schizophrenia |
Language and behaviour can appear normal
Delusional thoughts Hallucinations Paranoia |
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TYPES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Name two other types of Schizophrenia |
UNDIFFERENTIATED
SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOSIS - short lived schizophrenic episode |
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TYPES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Describe the symptoms of Catatonic Schizophrenia |
Impairment of motor activity
Mutism Bouts of wild frenzied action Stupor |
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DEVELOPMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Name the three stages of Schizophrenia |
1. PRODOMAL
2. ACTIVE 3. RESIDUAL |
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DEVELOPMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
What are the symptoms displayed in the Prodomal Phase of schizophrenia? And when is it most likely to occur? |
Lessening of drive
Flattening of emotions EARLY ADOLESCENCE |
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DEVELOPMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
What are the symptoms noticed in the Active Phase of schizophrenia? |
All the main symptoms of schizophrenia
Can last months or a lifetime depending on the severity of the condition in the individual |
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DEVELOPMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
What are the symptoms notices in the Residual Phase of schizophrenia? When does it occur? |
A return to the symptoms of the Prodomal Phase, lessening of major symptoms.
Residual = Schizophrenia in remission |
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DEVELOPMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
What percentage of schizophreics return to normal behaviour? |
25%
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DEVELOPMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
What percentage of schizophrenics remain in the active phase throughout their lives? |
10%
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DEVELOPMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
What percentage of schizophrenics alternate between the Residual and Active phases? |
50 - 65%
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EXPLANATIONS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Which perspective and form of conditioning are thought to cause schizophrenia by rewarding schizophrenic behaviour with attention? Why is this perspective questioned? |
BEHAVIOURIST PERSPECTIVE
Operant Conditioning Is thought to maintain schizophrenic symptoms rather than cause them |
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EXPLANATIONS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Which psychological approach suggest that schizophrenia results from problems with the Ego and an overwhelment pf the Superego or Id? |
PSYCHODYNAMIC
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EXPLANATIONS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Who suggests that thought disturbances, perception, attention and faulty information processing cause the symptoms of schizophrenia rather than being the symptoms of schizophrenia? |
MAHER
1968 |
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EXPLANATIONS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Who suggests that 'double-binds' and contradictory behaviour plus parental marital problems cause schizophrenia? |
BATESON ET AL
1956 |
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EXPLANATIONS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Who proposed that interfering with a child's language development played a part in the development of schizophrenia? |
WYNNE ET AL
1977 |
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EXPLANATIONS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
According to the Biological perspective of Schizophrenia what percentages of people are likely to develop the symptoms through genetic heredity? |
NO PARENTS ARE SCHIZOPHRENIC - 1%
1 PARENT IS SCHIZOPHRENIC - 20% BOTH PARENTS ARE SCHIZOPHRENIC - 40-50% |
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EXPLANATIONS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Whose research found a 42% concordance of MZ twins with schizophrenia? |
GOTTESMAN & SHIELDS
between 1948 & 1964 London hospital researching 45,000 people |
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EXPLANATIONS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Which three psychologists found evidence to support the proposition that schizophrenia was genetically inherited? |
KETY ET AL - 1968
HESTON - 1966 ROSENTHAL ET AL - 1971 |
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EXPLANATIONS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Which chromosome is under supsicion as being the cause of a predisopostion for schizophrenia? |
CHROMOSOME 15
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EXPLANATIONS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Who found naturally occuring hallucinogens in the cerebro-spinal fluid of schizophrenics? |
SMYTHIES
1976 |
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EXPLANATIONS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Who found Dimethyltryptamine DMT in the urine samples of schizophrenics? |
MURRAY ET AL
1979 |
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EXPLANATIONS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Who found higher than normal levels of Dopamine in the Limbic Systems of schizophrenics?` |
IVERSEN
1979 |
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EXPLANATIONS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Whose research pointed to the role of over active dopamine receptor sites in schizophrenics? (2 names and dates) |
DAVIS - 1974
KIMBLE - 1988 |
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EXPLANATIONS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Which two neurotransmitters have also been implicated in the development of schizophrenia? |
SERATONIN
GLUTAMATE |
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EXPLANATIONS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Which structures in the brain did GERSHON & REIDER (1992) find abnormal in schizophrenics and how did they differ? |
LATERAL CEREBRAL VENTRICLES - enlarged
TEMPORAL LOBE - less brain tissue HIIPOCAMPI - smaller LIMBIC SYSTEMS - smaller |
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EXPLANATIONS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Who discovered unusually small 'corpus collossums' and unusual distributions of grey and white matter in the brains of schizophrenics? |
AMBRUS ET AL
1999 |
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EXPLANATIONS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Who discovered that the thalami of schizophrenics are oddly shaped? |
MIN ET AL
1999 |
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EXPLANATIONS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Which other two abnormal brain structures/functions are associated with schizophrenia? |
REDUCED BLOOD FLOW IN FRONTAL CORTEX
ABNORMAL NEURONAL CONNECTIONS |
