Amy H

Front 1

Neisseria meningitis is a gram:

It has 3 special componets that make it more virulent.

Back 1

Negative diplococci

Capsule(protection)
Pili( attachment)
Endotoxin (releases toxin)

Front 2

S/S of neisseria meningitidis:

Types of meningitis:

Back 2

Fever, Stiff neck headache. If not tx early can lead to convulsions and coma

Type B and C, highly infectious

Front 3

Found in:

DX:

TX:

Back 3

College dorms, close contact.
Transmitted by droplets.
Gram stain, CSF.
PCN, prophylaxis- Rifampin

Front 4

Other causes of meningitis:

Back 4

Streptococcus pneumoniae which is pcn resistant
Heamophilis spp
Listeria spp.

Front 5

This is usually found in dairy and cheeses, dangerous to pregnant women, newborns and immunucompromised:

Back 5

Listeria monocytogenes

Front 6

Listeria monocytogenes is a gram:

Back 6

Positive rod that appears in chains. Non-spore former.

Front 7

Listeria affects:

Back 7

Nervous system can cause convulsions, loss of balance, fever,stiff neck, muscle aches, nausea and diarrhea.

Front 8

Can be fatal in:

Back 8

newborn babies-mother will have flu like symptoms but baby may die

Front 9

Asceptic meningitis is called:
caused by:
RNA or DNA:

Back 9

Viral meningitis , caused most likely by enterovirus( same family as polio virus)
RNA

Front 10

DX of asceptic meningitis:

DX with:

Back 10

Spinal tap culture will be neg for bacteria, negative gram stain, and if it has normal glucose in csf it is viral, bacteria will use glucose(polysaccharide test)
RT- PCR

Front 11

Has terminal spores and appears has a tennis racket, gram positive rod:

Back 11

Clostridium botulinum, exotoxin.paralytic illness.

Front 12

Three types:
Spores can be found in:

Back 12

Food, wounds and infants
honey

Front 13

Symptoms of botulism:

Back 13

Droopy eyes, diplopia, slurred speech, dysphagia,dry mouth, muscle weakness.

Front 14

If left untreated botulism will lead to:

Back 14

paralysis and weakness.

Front 15

Tx;

Back 15

may induce vomiting, use enemas, debride wound, tx with equine toxin, human derived toxin for infants.

Front 16

Botulism is found in:

Back 16

Soil, low 02 conditions and causes an exotoxin production.

Front 17

Clostridium botulism looks like what on gram stain:

Back 17

Tennis racket with terminal spores.

Front 18

DX of botulism:

Back 18

pt history, exam, stool and serum

Front 19

Gram positive, terminal endospores, found in soil, anerobic causes tetanus:

Back 19

Clostridium tetani

Front 20

Tetanus cause this facial symptom:

Back 20

Sardonic smile and lock jaw

Front 21

Clostridium tetani is a gram:

Back 21

positive. terminal endospore, ROD

Front 22

Exotoxin releases a:

Back 22

Neurotoxin which interferes with muscle contraction and muscle relaxation.

Front 23

Tetanus is a ____ shaped organism:

Back 23

CLUB shaped, gram positive rod that is terminal endospore,

Front 24

The Booster for tetanus is:

The vaccine which was created in 1890 is :

Back 24

Tdap

DPT

Front 25

Polio is a_____ virus:

Caused by _____:

Back 25

RNA

Enterovirus

Front 26

S/S polio:

This was created for pt's with polio that could not breath on their own:

Back 26

Fever, headache,muscle pains, paralysis, resp paralysis. DEATH if brain stem nerves effected.

Iron lung

Front 27

Polio is contagious:

Who created first polio vaccine:

Back 27

7 days prior to symptoms and 7 days after symptoms subside.

Salk

Front 28

DX of polio:

Back 28

PCR via throat secretions, csf and STOOL

Front 29

Polio only resides in:

Feces may have:
Most contagious :

Back 29

Humans
Feces may have blood and mucous.
7-10 days

Front 30

Main sample tested with polio via PCR:

Back 30

Stool

Front 31

Lassavirus aka:

Shaped like:

Back 31

Rabies, RNA based, Zoonotic based virus

Bullet

Front 32

Transmitted by:

Virus replicates in:

Back 32

Bites of infected animal mostly bats.raccoons.

Muscle then goes to brain

Front 33

S/S rabies:

Back 33

hydrophobic, salivation, convulsions, foaming at mouth can be bloody foam, paralysis and death

Front 34

Rabies diagnosed by:

Back 34

Looking at hind brain of animal suspected, looking for NEGRI bodies.Negri bodies show active disease.

Front 35

If bitten here, 3 hour window this is an emergency:
May take up to a ___ for s/s:

Back 35

Face and hands.

Year

Front 36

If never had rabies shot give this :

Back 36

Human rabies immunogloblin vaccine IM away from site. Then give sequence of vaccine series.

Front 37

Incubation for rabies:

Back 37

1-6 days

Front 38

Dx for negri bodies done by:

Back 38

Direct fluorescence staining

Front 39

Arthropod viruses always transmitted by:
What kind of virus:
5 major known, 3 of which are:

Back 39

arthropod usually mosquitos. It is a RNA virus
WNV-west nile virus
EEE-eastern equine virus
SLE- saint louis virus

Front 40

2 are considered bioterrorism agents:
Main resorvoirs are:

Back 40

EEE and SLE

Horses and birds.

Front 41

Symptoms of arbovirus:

Back 41

Abrupt onset, HIgh fever, horrible headache, may lead to paralysis (encephalitis)

Front 42

They are known as:

Back 42

Dead end hosts, disease normally kills host, virus is too pathogenic ( chickens, horses,birds). Brought into US via exotic birds.

Front 43

Prion diesease:
Caused by a mutated:

Back 43

Creutzfeld-Jakob disease,
Protein- progressively fatal- mostly within 2 years.

Front 44

3 types of disease:

Most common:

Back 44

Sporadic, Hereditary and Acquired.

Sporadic- host-host 85% cause of disease

Front 45

Causes brain tissue to:

Back 45

Degenerate causes spongy appearance, leads to dementia and death.

Front 46

Hereditary can be checked by:

Back 46

genetic mutation of the prion protein gene( PRNP) 5-10% disease is hereditary

Front 47

Rarest type:

Back 47

Acquired, exposure to brain tissue, medical procedures, cattle to human and cannabalism.

Front 48

No singel dx tool but these can be used:

Back 48

EEG, MRI, CSF
CSF will show dying nerve cells which release additional protein.
MRI- shows pattern brain degeneration
EEG- shows specific sequence of abnormality.

Front 49

What looks like a bullet:

Back 49

Rabies

Front 50

What has a terminal spore and looks like a tennis racket:

Which is a gram_____?

Back 50

Clostridium botulinum (botulism)

Positive rod-

Front 51

What is the virus that is only in humans that originates from enterovirus:

Back 51

Polio

Front 52

What causes lock jaw and sardonic smile:

Which is a gram___:

Back 52

Tetanus-

Positive rod and is club shaped

Front 53

Shape of rod in tetanus:

Back 53

Club

Front 54

Vaccine for tetanus is:
Booster for tetanus:

Back 54

DPT
tdap

Front 55

slurred speech, double vision, dysphagia, drooping eyelids and dry mouth are s/s of:

Back 55

Botulism

Front 56

RIfampin is prophylaxis for what:
What shape is the organism:

Back 56

Meningitis

Diplococci- gram negative

Front 57

Gram positive rod that is a non spore former that is dangerous to pregnant women:

Back 57

Listeria monocytogenes.

Front 58

Asceptic meningitis caused by:

Back 58

Enterovirus

Front 59

Polysaccharide will be what in viral meningitis:

Back 59

Normal, virus does not use glucose, bacterial does.

Front 60

Negri bodies are found in what:
What shape:

Back 60

Rabies/Lassavirus

Bullet shaped.