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119 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the components of a synovial joint?
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Joint capsule, synovial fluid, joint cavity, articular cartilage
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What are the functions of superficial fascia?
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Stores water & fat, heat insulator, mechanical protection, acts as a pathway for nerves & blood vessels supplying the skin
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What are the functions of deep fascia?
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Wrap around muscles for strength & coordination, attach muscles to bone, acts as a pathway for nerves & blood vessels supplying the muscles
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What is the difference between postural and phasic muscles?
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Postural: short lived activities, fast twitch fibers
Phasic: prolonged activities, slow twitch fibers |
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What is the definition of muscle tone?
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By recruitment of the CNS, some muscle fibers completely contract within a larger group of muscle fibers
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What is the medical term for shoulder joint?
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Glenohumeral joint
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What is the medical term for the elbow?
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Humeroulnar joint
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What is the medical term for the forearm?
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Proximal radioulnar joint
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What is the medical term for the wrist?
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Radiocarpal joint
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What is the medical term for the knuckles?
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Metacarpophalangeal joint
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What is the medical term for fingers?
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Interphalangeal joints
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What is the definition of oxygen debt?
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The difference between the amount of oxygen needed for totally aerobic respiration during muscle activity & the amount that is actually used.
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What is twitch?
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A quick, jerky response to a single stimulus
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What is tetany?
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A sustained contraction produced by a series of stimuli bombarding the muscle in rapid succession
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What is the most commonly injured rotator cuff muscle?
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Supraspinatus
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What is the activity of shooting a basketball?
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Flexion
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What are the actions of throwing a baseball?
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Windup: lateral rotation
Release: medial rotation |
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Which muscles create pure protraction?
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Pectoralis minor & serratus anterior
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How much ATP is stored?
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4-6 seconds worth
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Which muscles are innervated by the radial nerve?
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Triceps, anconeus, brachioradialis, supinator, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor indicis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus
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Which muscles form the anatomical snuff box?
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Extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus
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What is inside the anatomical snuffbox?
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Radial artery
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Which muscles are supplied by the axillary nerve?
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Teres minor, deltoids
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Which spinal nerves form the brachial plexus?
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C5-C8 & T1 ventral rami
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Carpal tunnel syndrome will affect which eminence?
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Thenar eminence
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Cubital tunnel syndrome will affect which eminence?
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Hypothenar eminence
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What is the thick myofilament called?
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Myosin
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What is the thin myofilament called?
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Actin
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What is a synarthrodial joint?
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Immovable
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Examples of synarthrodial joints?
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Cranial sutures, gomphosis
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What is an amphiarthrodial joint?
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Slightly movable
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What is a syndesmosis?
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A joint held together by ligaments
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What is an example of a syndesmosis?
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Distal tibiofibular joint
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What is a symphysis?
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A joint separated by a fibrocartilage pad
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What are examples of a symphysis?
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Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis
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What is a synchondrosis?
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A joint separated by a hyaline cartilage pad
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What is an example of a synchondrosis?
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Where the ribs attach to the sternum
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What is a diarthrodial joint?
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Freely movable
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What joint only allows gliding movement?
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Arthordial/gliding/plane/planar
ex: carpals |
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What joint allows flexion, extension, abduction & adduction?
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Condyloidal/ellipsoid/ovoid
ex: wrist |
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What joint allows flexion and extension?
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Ginglymus/hinge
ex: elbow |
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What joint allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, lateral rotation & medial rotation?
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Enarthrodial/ball & socket
ex: shoulder |
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What joint allows medial & lateral rotation?
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Trochoidal/pivot/screw
ex: forearm joint |
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What joint allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, opposition?
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Sellar/saddle joint
ex: thumb |
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What are the carpal bones?
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Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
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What does the axial skeleton consist of?
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Head, spine, ribs, sternum, sacrum, hyoid bone, coccyx
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What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?
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Scapula, clavicle, humerus, ulna, phalanges, radius, carpals, metacarpals, pelvis, femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
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How many bones are in the upper extremity?
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64
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What protein covers the myosin binding sites on actin?
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Tropomyosin
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What is the sarcolemma compared to in a cell?
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Cell membrane
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What does the sarcoplasmic reticulum store?
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Calcium
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What is a muscle contraction that produces tension in a muscle without movement?
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Isometric
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What is a muscle contraction in which tension remains constant as muscle shortens or lengthens?
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Isotonic
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What is a contraction in which musle shortens, overcoming resistence?
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Concentric
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What is a contraction in which a muscle lengthens, yielding to resistance?
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Eccentric
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What is the difference between parallel & pennate?
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Parallel: less fibers, greater ROM, less power
Pennate: more fibers, less ROM, greater power |
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What is the difference between aerobic & anaerobic respiration?
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Aerobic: With oxygen, slower
Anaerobic: Without oxygen, faster |
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What are the bones of the shoulder girdle?
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Scapula, clavicle
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What is the only energy source for contractile activities?
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ATP
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What is the formula for burning creatine phosphate into energy?
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CP + ADP -> C + ATP
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What is the formula for aerobic respiration?
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O2 + glucose -> CO2 +H2O +36ATP
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Which muscle is innervated by the long thoracic nerve?
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Serratus anterior
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Where does movement of the scapula take place?
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Sternoclavicular joint
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Which muscle is the bridge over the brachial plexus?
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Pectoralis minor
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What is the origin of trapezius?
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External occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, C7-T12 spinous processes
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What is the insertion of trapezius?
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Upper: Lateral third of clavicle & acromion
Middle: Spine of scapula Lower: Root of spine of scapula |
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What are the actions of trapezius?
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Upper: Elevation, upward rotation
Middle: Retraction Lower: Depression, upward rotation |
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What are the joints of the shoulder complex?
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Sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, scapulothoracic, glenohumeral
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What is a fast twitch fiber?
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White, poor blood supply, contract rapidly, fatigue easily, rely on anaerobic pathways, lots of power
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What is a slow twitch fiber?
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Red, rich blood supply, contract slowly, fatigue resistant, not much power, relies on aerobic pathways
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What attaches to the supraglenoid tubercle?
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Long head of biceps
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Which muscles make up the walls of the axilla?
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Anterior: pectoralis major
Posterior: Latissimus dorsi, teres major |
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Which muscles attach to the bicipital groove?
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Latissimus dorsi, teres major, pectoralis major
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What are the actions of biceps?
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Flexion, supination
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What attaches to the infraglenoid tubercle?
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Long head of triceps
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Which muscles attach to the coracoid process?
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Pectoralis minor, coracobrachialis, short head of biceps
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Which muscles attach to the greater tubercle?
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Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
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Which muscle attaches to the lesser tubercle?
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Subscapularis
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What attaches to the deltoid tuberosity?
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Deltoids
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What is the origin of biceps?
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Short head: coracoid process
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle |
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What is the insertion of biceps?
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Radial tuberosity
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What is the action of biceps?
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Flexion, supination
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What is the origin of triceps?
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Long head: infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral head: above spiral groove Medial head: below spiral groove |
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What is the insertion of triceps?
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Olecranon process of the elbow
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What is the action of triceps?
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Extension
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Which muscles do abduction at the shoulder joint?
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Supraspinatus, deltoids
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Where is the greater tubercle on the humerus?
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Most lateral
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What muscles are supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve?
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Coracobrachialis, biceps, brachialis
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What is the only thumb muscle solely innervated by the ulnar nerve?
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Adductor pollicis
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What attaches to the flexor retinaculum?
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Palmaris longus
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Which muscle can flex the thumb at all its joints?
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Flexor pollicis longus
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Which muscle is always flexing the elbow?
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Brachialis
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What abducts and adducts the fingers?
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Palmar interossei (adducts)
Dorsal interossei (abducts) |
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What is the action of a forehand stroke of tennis at the wrist?
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Flexion
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What is the main cause of carpal tunnel syndrome?
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Compression of the median nerve
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What structures make up the funny bone?
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Medial epicondyle & ulnar nerve
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What is tennis elbow known as?
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Lateral epicondylitis
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What is golfer's elbow also known as?
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Medial epicondylitis
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What muscle do you need to make the OK sign?
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Opponens pollicis
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What is the origin of supraspinatus?
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Supraspinous fossa
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What is the insertion of supraspinatus?
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Greater tubercle
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What is the origin of infraspinatus?
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Infraspinus fossa
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What is the insertion of infraspinatus?
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Greater tubercle
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What is the origin of teres minor?
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Upper 2/3 of axillary border
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What is the insertion of teres minor?
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Greater tubercle
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What is the origin of subscapularis?
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Subscapular fossa
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What is the insertion of subscapularis?
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Lesser tubercle
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What is the origin of latissimus dorsi?
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Thoracolumbar aponeurosis, lower 6 spinous processes
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What is the insertion of latissimus dorsi?
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Bicipital groove
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What is the origin of teres major?
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Inferior angle, lower 1/3 axillary border
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What is the insertion of teres major?
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Bicipital groove
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What is the origin of pectoralis major?
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Clavicular head: medial 1/2 of clavicle
Sternal head: sternum |
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What is the insertion of pectoralis major?
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Bicipital groove
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What is the origin of deltoids?
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Anterior: Lateral 1/3 clavicle
Middle: Lateral acromion Posterior: Spine of scapula |
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What is the insertion of deltoids?
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Deltoid tuberosity
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What is the origin of coracobrachialis?
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Coracoid process
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What is the insertion of coracobrachialis?
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Medial middle 1/3 of humerus
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What are the actions for hammering at the wrist?
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Upswing: radial deviation
Downswing: ulnar deviation |
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Which muscles are used for hammering at the wrist?
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Upswing: Extensor carpi radialis longus, flexor carpi radialis
Downswing: Extensor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi ulnaris |