Ammonia

Front 1

the formation of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gas is a reversible reaction

( reaction can go backward and forward at the same time )

Back 1

-

Front 2

ammonia is made up if nitrogen and hydrogen gas

Back 2

f

Front 3

H : N is 3:1 by volume

Back 3

s

Front 4

nitrogen is obtained from fractional distillation if liquid air

hydrogen is obtain from cracking of petroleum

Back 4

a

Front 5

for nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia , a high pressure and a relatively high temperature is needed

plus , iron has to be present as catalyst to speed up the reaction

Back 5

c

Front 6

some ammonia formed may decompose and convert back to nitrogen and hydrogen

Back 6

f

Front 7

to achieve maximum yield of ammonia at min cost , the pressure a and temperature has to be carefully controlled

Back 7

s

Front 8

high pressure increases yield of ammonia and speed if reaction

however maintaining high pressure is expensive

hence there us a limited amount of pressure that should be applied

Back 8

f

Front 9

the lower the temperature the higher the yield of ammonia

this is because the decomposition of ammonia is reduced

however reaction is slower

Back 9

s

Front 10

despite pressure and temperature , haber process reaction is still slow hence a catalyst is used

Back 10

s

Front 11

what are the optimal conditions in the haber process

pressure : 250 atm
temperature : 450 degrees
presence of iron catalyst

Back 11

v

Front 12

reaction is exothermic

Back 12

x

Front 13

only about 10 to 15 percent of nitrogen and hydrogen Is converted to ammonia , the rest are recycled and pumped back to converter

Back 13

x

Front 14

ammonia can also be obtained by displacement of ammonia from its salt

react it with alkaline or bases

Back 14

s

Front 15

calcium hydroxide should not be added to soil at the same time as nitrogenous fertiliser as ammonia gas will form and nitrogen will evaporate with it

Back 15

w