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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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aminoglycoside - main use
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gram negative enteric bacteria
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aminoglycosides are used for gram neg enteric bacteria, i.e. -
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salmonella, klebsiella, e coli
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aminoglycosides are given in combination with ____. this addition helps by ______
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b lactams, vancomycin.
breaking down cell wall, thus facilitating uptake of aminoglycoside |
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broad aminoglycosides
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gentamicin - most commonly used
amikacin - broadest tobramycin - for pseudomonas netilmicin - not oral absorbed |
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aminoglycosides act on the ____ and lead to ____. what other class of antibiotics act on the same target?
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30 S ribosome, misreading of codons - wrong AA, mutant elongation, etc.
tetracyclines also act on 30 S ribosome |
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narrow aminoglycosides
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streptomycin - no longer used (original TB drug)
neomycin - used topically, very toxic kanamycin - '' |
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bacteria become resistant to aminoglycosides via:
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1. adding functional groups to drug
2. impaired uptake, i.e. porin mutation 3. target mutation, i.e. 30 S altered |
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fun fact about aminoglycoside action in relation to concentration. true for beta lactams?
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action is independent of its concentration, which differs from most beta lactams. (also makes sense as toxicity supposedly is less correlated with concentration and more with time)
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how is aminoglycoside absorbed? administered? eliminated?
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many amines, thus + charged, not absorbed orally. given IV or IM. (with a b lactam to pierce cell wall) eliminated by kidney.
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aminoglycoside - dosing information, recent trends
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dose: qd not tid. toxicity relates to the time of [toxic]. so wait 24 hours b/w doses and the levels will wane well below [toxic].
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aminoglycosides - side effects
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1. 8th nerve problems - vertigo and deafness (irreversible) (proximal cochlea first)
2. nephrotoxic. (reversible) 3. neuromuscular blockade - can lead to resp. paralysis |
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aminoglycoside use in genetic diseases involving premature stop codon
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use aminoglycoside to extend the peptide, given that the longer protein should not function properly, but might be better than the shortened one.
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spectinomycin - aminoglycoside? uses?
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not considered an aminoglycoside. similar structure and target, though.
use - neisseria gonorrhea |
