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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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T/F - Proteins are greater than 50 amino acid chains long
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True
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T/F Polypeptides are classified as either being less than 50 amino acids long or Being ACTIVE
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False - they are either <50 AA long or INACTIVE (or both)
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What are the structural elements that amino acids always contain?
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Central C Carbon
Amine group attached to a-carbon of a carboxylic acid R Group Side chain Carboxylic acid |
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How many amino acids are central to the Genetic code?
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20
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Which derivation L-amino acids or D-amino acids are available in the body but not used?
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D-amino acids
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What are the 5/20 core amino acids with aliphatic side chains?
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(GAVLI)
GIVE ALIPHATIC VEINS LIFTING IMPACT Glycine, Alanine, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine |
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What is the feature of an aliphatic side chain?
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Carbon containing side chain - hydrophobic by nature - NON Polar
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What are the 3/20 core amino acids with hydroxylic side chains?
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(STT)
Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine |
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What is the feature of Hydroxlic side chains?
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They contain a hydroxyl group - OH
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What are the 2/20 core amino acids with sulphur side chains?
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(CM)
Cysteine, methionine |
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Which 4/20 amino acids contain amino acid groups or their amides as side chains?
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Aspartic Acid, Asparagine, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine
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What is the distinctive feature of an acidic side group or an amine group?
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-COOH, -COO-
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What are the 3/20 amino acids with amine (Basic) Side groups?
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(ALH)
Arginine, Lysine, Histidine |
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What is the distinctive feature of an amine side group?
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-NH group
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Which 2 amino acids feature attributes from more than one side chain classifcation?
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Tyrosine - aromatic + Hydroxylic
Histidine - aromatic + Basic |
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What are the 4/20 amino acids with aromatic Side groups?
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(HPTT) - Histidine, Phenylanine, Tyrosine, Trytophan
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What is the unique amino acid structure and which amino acid falls into this category?
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Imino acid - proline
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What attribute of an amino acid defines its function?
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It's polarity
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What are the 7 functions of amino acids?
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Structure, Enzymes, Movement, Transport, Hormones, protection, Storage, Regulation
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How does the structural function manifest in the body?
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Keratin in Hair and Nails
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How does the enzymatic function manifest in the body?
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Most bodily reactions are catalysed by enzymes
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How does the movement function manifest in the body?
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Myosin and actin are what makes our muscles move
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How does the transport function manifest in the body?
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Haemoglobin transports oxygen from lungs to cells
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How does the Hormone function manifest in the body?
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Most hormones are proteins - insulin - HGH
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How does the protection function manifest in the body?
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antibodies fight disease
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How does the storage function manifest in the body?
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Casein in milk stores nutrients, ferritin in liver stores iron
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How does the regulation function manifest in the body?
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regulates the expression of genes
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How are proteins classified by composition?
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Albumoids, albumins, globulins, histones, glycoproteins, lipoproteins, metalloproteins, nucleoproteins, phosphoproteins
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What are examples of albumoid proteins?
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keratin, collagen - structural proteins
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What are examples of albumins proteins?
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egg albumin, serum albumin - globular proteins
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What are examples of globulins proteins?
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antibodies - globular proteins
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What are examples of histones proteins?
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chromatin in chromosomes - globular proteins
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What are examples of glycoproteins?
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attached carbohydrates - interferon - globular proteins
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What are examples of lipoproteins?
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attached triglycerides, phosholipids, cholesterol - globular proteins
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What are examples of nucleoproteins?
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attached nucleic acids - ribosomes - globular proteins
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What are examples of phosphoproteins?
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attached phosphate group - casein - globular proteins
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What are examples of metalloproteins?
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attached metal ion - haemoglobin - globular proteins
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What 2 functional groups do all amino acids contain?
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Amine group
Carboxylic acid group |
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How are two amino acid groups attached together?
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The amine of one AA is joined to the carboxylic acid of the other by amidation (condensation process)
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What is the name and structure of the simplest amino acid?
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Glycine, Central C - attached to an amine and carboxylic acid group and 2 Hydrogens (R=H)
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What are the four levels of structure of proteins?
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Primary - sequence of amino acids, Secondary - association of amino acids close by, using Hydrogen Bonding, Tertiary - 3D folded structure, Quaternary - association of monomers with each other
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What are the abbreviations of the A&C Amino acids?
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Ala (A), Arg (R), Asn (N), Asp (D) , Cys (C)
ARNDC Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine |
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What are the abbreviations of the GHI Amino acids?
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Gly (G), Gln (Q), Glu (E), His (H), Ile (I),
GQEHL, Glycine, Glutamine, Glutamic Acid, Histidine, Isoleucine |
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What are the abbreviations of the LMP Amino acids?
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Leu (L), Lys (K), Met (M), Phe (F), Pro (P),
LKMFP, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline |
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What are the abbreviations of the STV Amino acids?
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Ser (S), Thr (T), Trp (W), Tyr (Y), Val (V),
STWYV, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tryrosine, Valine |
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How is Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met different from Met-Phe-Gly-Gly-Tyr?
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The sequencing always go from the start of the molecule, so as the start AA is different they will act differently
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When Glutamic acid is replaced by Val in the haemoglobin structure what happens?
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The difference in polarity of this AA replacement forces the molecule to fold in a different way.
This impacts the way the body handles this molecule and causes issues - clotting, anaemia and more. |
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Why is the tertiary structure more important than the primary structure?
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The monomer's unique shape means that specific proteins are augmented in a specific direction which then interact with enzymes in a specific way. Wrong orientation and the enzymatic reaction will not occur.
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What is denaturation?
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many things can alter the structure of a protein resulting in a chemical change. ie. Heat, Ph Change, heavy metal ions, solvents, radiation etc,.
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What is the difference between Denaturation and hydrolysis of proteins?
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Denaturation breaks the bond sin secondary and tertiary proteins, whilst hydrolysis breaks down the protein.
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What are the 9 essential amino acids?
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VMLLIPTT
Very Merry Lysine Lets Is Phace Through Trips Valine, Methionine, Lysine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Phenylanine, Threonine, Tryptophan |
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What are the 6 conditionally essential amino acids?
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Glycine, Histidine, Cysteine, Proline, Arginine, Tyrosine
(Good Histories Can Produce Awful Tempers) |
