Amin 1010 Exam One Study Guide Terms

Front 1

main themes of creation stories

Back 1

(1) land essential source of indian identity (2) native lifeways followed cycles of environment (3) believed that what happened in past is strong predictor of what happened in future

Front 2

number of indians pre-contact and number of indians by 1890

Back 2

precontact - appox 7 million
1890 - 250,000

Front 3

6 nations of Iroquois

Back 3

(1) seneca (2) cayuga (3) onandaga (4) onedia (5) mohawk (6) tuscarora

formed in 1400-1600

Front 4

hiawatha

Back 4

loses children in warfare between Iroquois (before formation of league) receives Great Law of peace from Deganawidah which ends hostilities and binds Iroquois.

Front 5

3 principles of life

Back 5

(1) stable mind and healthy body should be in balance
(2) human conduct, thought and speech were requirements
(3) physical strength and civil authority would reinforce power of clan system

Front 6

haudenosaunees

Back 6

people of longhouse

Front 7

Great Peace

Back 7

local autonomy but centralized decision making

Front 8

three sisters

Back 8

corn beans and squash

Front 9

europeans assumptions of indians upon encounter

Back 9

abundance of slave labor and material resources
europeans thought they had divine right to superiority over indians
high mortality rates

Front 10

doctrine of discovery

Back 10

gave 15th century christian explorers the right to claim lands they discovered. if there were non-Christian inhabitants the explorers had the right to kill or enslave them

Front 11

expansionary doctrine

Back 11

whoever sets foot on land first has rights to that land

Front 12

preemptive doctrine

Back 12

right of discoverers to purchase land from native peoples if they agree

Front 13

french and indian relations

Back 13

french societies "cherished and embraced" the indian societies. led to them being allies in french/indian war

Front 14

johnson v. mcintosh

Back 14

ruled that land cannot be purchased from Indians must be purchased from federal government (British)

Front 15

aboriginal title

Back 15

claim indian people have to their home lands

Front 16

1986

Back 16

federal district court recognized definitions of discovery as legal fiction and have no basis in law

Front 17

syncretism

Back 17

adopting of other forms of new religion but keeping original traditions

Front 18

requirimiento

Back 18

spanish policy used regarding status/treatment of indians
they must:

convert to christianity
submit to spanish crown
or suffer destruction

Front 19

sepulvida vs. las casas

Back 19

Spanish government was divided over treatment of natives

Sepulvida saw natives as barbarians and they should be treated as inferior

las casas saw indians as human, yet still thought any amount of force shouldnt be used against them

Front 20

discovery

Back 20

crown held legal title to vacant lands discovered

Front 21

conquest

Back 21

crown held title to lands of people they conquered

Front 22

preemptive

Back 22

discovery granted crown "first right" of purchase from indian peoples

this is the only concept which has legal standing in international law

Front 23

Samueal DeChamplain

Back 23

leader in french fur trade

Front 24

the Columbian Exchange

Back 24

the widespread exchange of plants, animals, crops, culture, and human population and disease between the eastern and western hemisphere

Front 25

beaver wars

Back 25

Dechamplain and algonquien killed 4 iroquis cheifs. 1650's Iroquois attaced the Huron along the St. Lawrence river

Front 26

introduction of the horse

Back 26

pueblo revolt transferred many horses to indian hands

Front 27

indians views on gifts

Back 27

gifts have social as well as economic context
exchange of gifts used to create or perpetuate social and political ties
converts potential enemies to friends and allies

Front 28

capitalist society

Back 28

trade of goods that establishes a relationship between objects exchanged

Front 29

pre-capitalist society

Back 29

establishes a relationship between partners engaged in exchange

Front 30

gift oriented economy

Back 30

goal is to expand social relations

Front 31

community oriented economy

Back 31

goal is to appropriate goods

Front 32

three fires

Back 32

ojibwe
ottowa
potowatomie

Front 33

three fires confederacy

Back 33

the three fires rallied against the threat of the iroquois

Front 34

3 concepts treaties are predicated on

Back 34

respect
responsibility
renewal

Front 35

century when british government allowed british colony officials to handle indian relations

Back 35

17th century

Front 36

board of trade

Back 36

1756
appointed 2 superintendents to oversee indian relations
banned private purchases of land
advocated for boundary line between whites and indians

Front 37

Royal Proclamation

Back 37

1763
established boundary line
called back all settlement west of line
established policy for purchasing indian lands (Britain has first rights to purchase lands and land must be purchased through the federal government)

Front 38

martha's vinyard

Back 38

1680-1720
Christian missionary that was most successful in converting Indians to christianity

Front 39

wampum

Back 39

sacred beads used as currency (only after European arrival) and for ceremonial purposes