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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
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-He is a Tennessee politician who was the only Southern politician that stayed in Congress during the Civil War -kind of pompous too |
Andrew Johnson |
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Why is Andrew Johnson significant? |
-He did almost nothing to move Reconstruction forward -Made Lincoln's Reconstruction plans more relaxed, which didn't accomplish anything |
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This was proposed by Congress and it stated that every state would be required to hold a state constitutional convention. If 50% of the 1860 voters took the iron clad oat then they could be pardoned and absorbed back into the Union |
Wade-Davis Bill |
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Why is the Wade-Davis Bill significant? |
-The iron clad oath declared that citizens going forward would support the Union in addition to admitting that looking back on the war they had always been Unionist. -Lincoln ended up pocket vetoing this bill |
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-These were essentially the freedoms that black people could actually exercise -For example, it made work contracts annual, it also legalized making black children forced apprentices |
Black codes |
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Why are black codes significant? |
-It meant that a black person were arrested then they could be forced into labor. -These perpetuate the institution of slavery and racism making the South a very dangerous place for black people to live |
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These were Republicans who believed blacks were entitled to the same political rights and opportunities as white people. Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner being the most famous |
Radical Republicans |
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Why are Radical Republicans significant? |
-They originally chose Johnson as their presidential candidate -They quickly changed their minds and determined they wanted to take Reconstruction into their own hands and out of the presidents |
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-This was the theory created by Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner -It theorized that Souther states committed suicide when they seceded, therefore they should now be treated like new states |
State suicide |
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Why is state suicide significant? |
-Set up a protocol on how to deal with reconstructing the Union -Rather than seeing former states of the Union they will be seen as new states and be treated thus so. |
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This is the labor of freemen as opposed to slave labor. This is having a job without being owned by anyone |
Free Labor |
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Why is free labor significant? |
-Thaddeus Stevens didn't think this was enough for black people to be seen as equal, he thinks ridding the south of plantations and redistributing land will -However, this was the first Radical Republican contribution to Reconstruction |
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Abolished slavery |
13th amendment |
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Why is the 13th amendment significant? |
-it destroyed the institution of slavery -It implemented the ideals of the Emancipation Proclamation into federal law that applied to all US territories |
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All people born in America are equal citizens are guaranteed equal protection under the law |
14th Amendment |
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Why is the 14th amendment significant? |
-There was confusion around what equal protection and due process meant and this led to the first ever use of the word "male" in the constitution |
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Black suffrage |
15th amendment |
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Why is the 15th amendment significant? |
Even though they were legally granted the right to vote white people kept them from exercising these rights through violence, Jim Crow laws and other methods |
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This divided the South in 5 military district with Northern troops on guard |
First Reconstruction Act 1867 |
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Why is the First Reconstruction Act of 1867 significant? |
-It required states to choose new state delegates and constitutions, to ratify the 14th amendment, and the provision of equal rights for equal rights for each citizen -Most radically, it required black suffrage |
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These were Northerners who moved South following the Civil War, during Reconstruction. |
Carpetbaggers |
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Why are carpetbaggers significant? |
-Though they never became a significant party with their support of the Republican party they played a crucial role in shaping new Southern governments -They also formed a coalition with the Freedmen's Bureau to help freed black become involved in local and state governments |
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-The first federal relief agency in America, set up in the South to aid newly freed black people -It helped them get jobs, become reunited with family, find places to live, provided education to black children, reunited families, etc. |
Freedmen's Bureau |
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Why is the Freedmen's Bureau significant? |
-It helped newly freed black people exercise their rights and protected them being taken advantage of through black codes and racism -However, it's efforts were cut short when they ran out of funds |
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passed legislation that guaranteed access to transportation and hotels for all blacks; prohibited racial discrimination in jury selection |
Civil Rights Act of 1875 |
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Why is the Civil Rights Act of 1875 significant? |
-The previous act from '66 could not protect people from attacks from individuals, but now the federal government can prosecute individuals. -repealed blacks codes and removed restrictions on workers -this was passed in honor of Charles Sumner who had always advocated for it, but didn't live long enough to see it be put to vote -became a watered down bill that the Supreme Court eventually struck down |
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This is when large landowners would rent out parcels of land to free blacks or poor farmers. Rather than paying monetary rent the sharecroppers would give a portion of their harvested crop to the large landowner |
Sharecropping |
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Why is sharecropping is significant? |
-Sharecroppers would be taken advantage of because they were mostly illiterate and couldn't understand their contracts -They would end up owing more for tools and other supplies than they were able to repay -This perpetuated the cycle of poverty in the South |
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These were governments led by prewar Democrats who wanted to oust Radical Republicans |
Redeemer governments |
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Why are redeemers/redeemer governments significant? |
They were generally run by rich landowners who sharply reduced programs of state governments that benefited poor people |
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This party was created in 1872 and they present Horace Greeley as the presidential candidate run against Grant |
Liberal Republicans |
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Why are Liberal Republicans significant? |
-This party was formed in response to the corruption of the US government as well as in opposition to military reconstruction -They partnered with Democratic party to support Greeley |
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This was a book about the remarkable situation where white people are doing these terrible things to people who are just trying to exercise their basic rights |
Redemption |
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Why is the book Redemption significant? |
-Perfect example of groupthink -White people are so convinced that black people were creating their own gangs and were going to try to kill them -Because they were so brainwashed by these incorrect ideas white people turned to violence and murder to prevent it |
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This was a vigilante group formed in 1866 by Nathan Bedford Forest. They advocated for white supremacy and used threats and intimidation to undermine Reconstruction |
Ku Klux Klan |
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Why is the KKK significant? |
-Only a handful of men were punished for KKK inflicted violence -This led the KKK Act which made it illegal to engage in vigilante activity whilst wearing a mask -This led to a period of dormancy until the 1920 |
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This made it a federal offense to get in the way of someone's ability to vote, maintain a jury, etc. |
Enforcement Acts |
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Why are the Enforcements Acts significant? |
Created an internal mechanism that would ensure that black voting in the South was upheld |
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New Orleans was having a public health crisis so they ordered butchers to stop slaughtering in the streets, instead doing it in a city slaughterhouse so that water wouldn't be contaminated -The butchers sued the city for this |
Slaughterhouse Case |
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Why is the Slaughterhouse Case significant? |
-The butchers lawyers claimed being forced to comply to health legislation and use a government facility was involuntary servitude, violating the 13th amendment -He also said that the butchers right to make a living is being impeded on by government overreach, violating the 14th amendment -The Supreme Court denied this saying that the 13th and 14th amendments do not have a broader interpretation, they are only meant to protect the rights of black people |
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-Following the Colfax Massacre, William Cruikshank argued that his conviction was unconstitutional because the his actions weren't under the authority of federal law. The Supreme Court overturned Cruikshank's conviction -A supreme court decision that said the federal government cannot get in between the violation of civil rights between two individuals, only state or local governments can do that |
US vs Cruikshank |
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Why is US vs. Cruikshank significant? |
This meant that segregated and racist local and state governments could purposely choose not to get involved in a white individual violating a black persons civil rights -limiting the power of the 14th and 15th amendments |
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-An unwritten deal that ended the dispute of the 1866 election -Southern Democrats said they would vote for Hayes if the last 3 reconstruction governments in the South would be returned to Southern democratic rule -They also stipulated a railroad with a Southern terminal and the remaining troops be removed from the South |
Compromise of 1877 |
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Why is the Compromise of 1877 significant? |
This ended Reconstruction and opened up more Southern governments to segregated and racist politics |
