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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Civil liberties
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personal guarantees and freedoms that the federal government
cannot abridge by law, constitution, or judicial interpretation |
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bill of rights
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first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution
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Incorporation Doctrine
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Interpretation of the Constitution that holds the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment requires that state and local governments also guarantee the rights stated in the bill of rights
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Lemon Test
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Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971),[1] was a case in
which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that Pennsylvania's 1968 Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which allowed the state Superintendent of Public Instruction to reimburse nonpublic schools (most of which were Catholic) for teachers' salaries, textbooks and instructional materials, violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. |
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clear and present danger test
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Clear and present danger is a term used by Justice Oliver
Wendell Holmes, Jr. in the unanimous opinion for the case Schenck v. United States,[1] concerning the ability of the government to regulate speech against the draft during World War I: |
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unprotected speech
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such as libel, obscenity, and fighting words
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Civil Rights
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Civil war amendments
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black codes
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laws denying most illegal rights
to newly freed slaved, passed by southern states |
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incumbency advantage
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being in office helps a person stay in office
because of a variety of benefits that go with the position |
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conference committee
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work out differences between senate and house
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Standing Committees
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proposed bills are referred
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Joint Committees
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includes members from both houses of congress to
conduct investigations or special studies |
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markup
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process which comittee members offer changes to a bill
before it goes to the floor in either house for a vote. |
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Hold
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tactic in which a senator stops a bill from coming
to the floor until the hold is removed |
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filibuster
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formal way of halting action on a bill by long speeches
or unlimited debate in the senate |
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cloture
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requires sixty senators to vote to cut off debate
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veto
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power of the president to reject bills
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war powers act
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president is limited in the deploymen
t of troops overseas to a sixty day period in peacetime |
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cabinet
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formal body of presidential advisers.
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electoral college
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representatives of each state who cast the
final ballots that actually elect a president |
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executive agreements
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formal government agreement entered by the president
which does not require advice and consent of the senate |
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Civil Rights
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government protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or
discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals |
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Civil war amendments
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13 - banned slavery
14 - citizenship to all freed slaves 15 - right to vote |
