Americans Win Independence (1776-1787)

Front 1

Desert

Back 1

To leave without permission

Front 2

Bayonet

Back 2

2-foot knife attached to the end of a musket for close combat

Front 3

Guerilla

Back 3

A member of fighters who use surprise raids and ambushes to harass the enemy.

Front 4

Battle of Yorktown

Back 4

The last major battle of the Rev. War, won in 1781, by the combined American French Troops, in which the French fleet drove ships with supplies from Cornwallis while both bombarded Yorktown.

Front 5

Enlist

Back 5

To sign up

Front 6

Mercenary

Back 6

A prof. sold. who serves in a foreign army for pay.

Front 7

Rendezvous

Back 7

A meeting

Front 8

Battle of Saratoga

Back 8

Amer. victory over Brit. where Burgoyne retreated slowly only to be trapped by the Continental Army in 1777 which led to French and Spanish entry into the war on the American side in 1778, who donated funds and supplies that the American's needed.

Front 9

Treaty of Paris (1783)

Back 9

The treaty ending the Rev. War. est. that (1) U.S. was independent (2) its boundaries extend W to the Miss. R, N to Canada, and S. to Mexico where it is disputed (3) receive fishing rights off Canada’s At. Coast near Newfoundland and Nova Scotia (4) Both sides will repay debts for both sides (5) Brit.would return any captured slaves.

Front 10

Legislative

Back 10

Concerning the branch of government that makes laws. in which to create laws that required 9/13 state's vote, make big decisions, or change the Art.of Conf.

Front 11

Executive

Back 11

Concerning the branch of gov. that enforces laws, made up of a gov. or council, consisting of a 3 person comm chosen by Congress.

Front 12

Judicial

Back 12

Concerning the branch of government that interprets laws and punishes lawbreakers

Front 13

Republic

Back 13

A nation or state in which power is held by citizens who elect rep. to manage the gov.

Front 14

Article of Confederation

Back 14

The plan, ratified by the states in 1781, that est. a national congress with ltd. powers over foreign affairs, wage war and make peace, and set rules for trade w/ n.a. while the states tax and enforce the laws proposed a republic and confederation of the states like the Iroquois Conf.

Front 15

Ratify

Back 15

To approve

Front 16

"Not worth a continental"

Back 16

An exp. meaning worthless ref. the Cont. paper money issued by Congress to raise funds but lost much value over the war that suppliers refused to accept it.

Front 17

"Molly Pitcher"

Back 17

A nickname given to Mary Hays for serving water from a nearby well to an exhausted sold. in battle.

Front 18

Hessian

Back 18

German Mercenaries brought by Gen. Howe to cap. NYC w/ so much ships from Nova Scotia that the port looks like a forest of bark and chased G.W. into N.J.

Front 19

Freeman's Farm

Back 19

The location where Gen. Gates fought vs Burgoyne's army, hungry, heading to Albany where they were protected by earthworks, which Burgoyne failed to break twice while waiting for reinforcements, and shot at them, while wolves joined in, and pushed Burgoyne's army back.

Front 20

Battle of Bennington

Back 20

A battle in which Gen. Buryoyne sent a raiding party in VT.

Front 21

Earthworks

Back 21

Barrier made up of earth.

Front 22

Benedict Arnold

Back 22

A mil. off. who did courageous attacks crucial of stopping Burgoyne but turned traitor in 1780 to Brit when Gates received most of the credit.

Front 23

Baron Von Steuben

Back 23

Used to be a gen. in Prussia, kind, open-hearted and competent, and impressed by G.W.'s battle of Trenton and Princetown, he lend his help and arrived to Vall. Forge in spring 1778 and turned ragged troops, working a 100 each with European mil. form. with bayonets including have them shave, wash, and clean, into a effective fighting force, after drilling precise and quick, which engaged the Brit. Army leaving Phil.

Front 24

Henry Hamilton

Back 24

Known as "Hair Buyer" b/c he gave rewards for Amer. scalps, he recaptured Vincennes but taken prisoner by Clark.

Front 25

Patrick Henry

Back 25

V.A.'s gov. who gave money and an army to be trained to George's Clark after being impressed with Clark's passionate to def. in 1778

Front 26

Bonhomme Richard

Back 26

Named after the Fren. vers. of a character in Ben Frank. 's almanac, it was a worn out, rotting ships that fought vs. 2 warships when they tied both ships and fired at each other w/ guns touching while it was leaking until it sank 2 days later.

Front 27

Serapis

Back 27

The larger of the two warships engaged vs. Jones but captured when its mast fell after a three-hour battle.

Front 28

Baron de Kalb

Back 28

A gen. of a new southern army of hundreds men after the last one was cap. who added thousands of new and untrained troops to engage vs Gen. Cornwallis but retreated in panic of the Brit. Vet. in Aug. 1780 and was killed, bring a new low for Amer.

Front 29

Savannah, Georgia

Back 29

Cap by Brit. in 1778 and used as a base to control rest of Georgia.

Front 30

Charleston, South Carolina

Back 30

The 2nd major port cap by Brit in 1780, 5500 surrendered, which is the whole southern army.

Front 31

Battle of the Kings Mountain

Back 31

Fought in the Carolinian border in Oct. 1780, it was one of the bloodiest battles when Pat. guerrillas slaughtered most of the Brit. force of over thousand men.

Front 32

Nathanael Greene

Back 32

Appointed by G.W. in 1780 over the S army, he was a the son of Quaker preacher, he expelled by Quakers for armed struggle against the Brit, began a pol. of mercy toward tories, and got Cherokee's help . He avoided full-scale battles and exhausted Brit from chasing while suffering them heavily.

Front 33

Charles Cornwallis

Back 33

Having had battled vs. Baron de Kalb in Ct, he had set up a base at Yorktown on Chesapeake bay for supplies from ships from N.Y. but had to surrendered 8,000 in Oct. 19, 1781

Front 34

Jean Rochambeau

Back 34

General of the french forces that arrived in Rhode Island to help the Americans and a large French fleet from the West Indies.

Front 35

March 1776

Back 35

Brit left Boston and G.W. heads to NYC

Front 36

Dec. 25, 1776

Back 36

Pat. troops rowed across the icy Delaware R. to N.J. shore to catch Hessians sleeping at Trenton in their Chris. cel, and captured or killed 1,000 Hessians including getting needed gunsm supplies, and ammunition.
G.W. captures Princeton winning new recruits

Front 37

Summer 1777

Back 37

With only a force of 4,000, they pushed the Brit, who captured Phil, Amer. 's biggest city and capital, by Howe easily, and moved to town of York in the countryside.

Front 38

Aug. 3, 1777

Back 38

A letter delivered to Burgoyne from Gen, Howe in P.A. cvaliming he would not come but chasing after G.W. thus can't give sold. to Burgoyne.

Front 39

1777-80

Back 39

Gen. Galvez took Brit. strongholds in the lower Miss. vall.

Front 40

1777-78

Back 40

G.W. and his force spent at Valley Forge

Front 41

spring 1778

Back 41

Von Steuben arrives to Valley Forge

Front 42

summer 1777

Back 42

Lafayette joins G.W.'s forces

Front 43

1778

Back 43

Clark request Henry to defend in America's western frontier against the British in Indiana and Illinois at the western border of V.A.

Front 44

summer 1778

Back 44

Clark traveled the Ohio River and by foot captured Kaskaskia and Vincennes

Front 45

Feb 1779

Back 45

Clark returned from Kaskaskia to recapature Vincennes

Front 46

1777

Back 46

Britain has more than 100 warships off the American coast commanding all At. coast trade routes.

Front 47

1779

Back 47

Jones left French port with a small fleet of privateers

Front 48

1780

Back 48

Brit captures second major port: Charleston, S.C.

Front 49

Aug 1780

Back 49

Baron de Kalb's forces panicked and ran from the Brit vets.

Front 50

1780

Back 50

G.W. appointed Greene as the newest general over the southern army

Front 51

Oct. 19, 1781

Back 51

Cornwallis surrendered his army of 8,000