Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
1. Representative democracy
|
• Gives citizens a regular opportunity to elect top government officials
|
|
|
2. Core values in American politics
|
• Liberty, equality, and democracy
|
|
|
3. The Articles of Confederation
|
• An agreement of the first 13 states to establish the United States of America as a confederation of sovereign states
|
|
|
4. The Virginia Plan
|
• A proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative plan
|
|
|
6. The supremacy clause
|
• Is a constitutional law that says Federal Law is greater then State law
|
|
|
7. The full faith and credit clause
|
• Is a constitutional law that says states within the United States have to respect the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state
|
|
|
8. The privileges and immunities clause
|
• Is a constitutional law that says no states can cut short the privileges or immunities of a citizen
|
|
|
9. The establishment clause
|
• In the first amendment and says congress can’t make any law restricting religion
|
|
|
11. Types of Grants
|
• Block Grants
• Project Grants • Formula Grants • Categorical Grants • Earmark Grants |
|
|
12. Home rule
|
• Is the power of a constituent part of a state to exercise such of the state's powers of governance within its own administrative area that have been deputed to it by the Central government.
|
|
|
13. Devolution
|
• Is a statutory granting of power from the central government of a state to a government at a sub national level.
|
|
|
14. Preemption (432-433)
|
• The principle that allows the national government to override state or local actions in certain policy areas.
|
|
|
15. Incorporation (96-97)
|
• The process by which court decisions have required the states to follow parts of the Bill of Rights based on the use or application of the Fourteenth Amendment.
|
|
|
16. The Bill of Rights (91)
|
• The first 10 amendments of the constitution, which guarantee certain rights and liberties to the people.
|
|
|
17. Distinction between civil liberties (91) and civil rights (92)
|
• Civil Liberties- individual rights and personal freedoms with which governments are prevented from interfering
• Civil Rights- Protections of citizen equality provided by the government. |
|
|
18. The "procedural liberties" found in the Bill of Rights (94)
|
• Procedural Liberties- are restraints on how the government is supposed to act
|
|
|
19. West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (99)
|
• A supreme court case of a child of a family of Jehovah’s Witnesses that who refused to pledge allegiance to the flag, because it was against the religious beliefs.
|
|
|
21. Prior restraint
|
• An effort by a government agency to block the publication of material it deems libelous or harmful in some other way; censorship. In the United States, the court forbids prior restraint except under the most extraordinary circumstances.
|
|
|
22. Clear and present danger
|
• Test to determine whether speech is protected or unprotected, based on its capacity to present a “clear and present danger” to society.
|
|
|
23. Libel (104)
|
• A written statement, made in “reckless disregard of the truth,” which is considered damaging to a victim because it is “malicious, scandalous, and defamatory”.
|
|
|
24. Slander (104)
|
• An oral statement, made in “reckless disregard of the truth,” which is considered damaging to the victim because it is “malicious, scandalous, and defamatory”.
|
|
|
25. Brown v. Board of Education (116-117)
|
• The Supreme Court case that stuck down “separate but equal” giving African Americans the right to attend white schools.
|
|
|
26. Party Systems in American History (203-209)
|
• There is usually a dominate party in the United States for about 30 years, generally controlling the white house and congress
|
|
|
27. Gender Gap (145)
|
• The tendency for men and women’s opinions to differ.
|
|
|
28. Sampling frame (155)
|
• Is a list of the population to be surveyed
|
|
|
28. Push poll (158-160)
|
• A pulling technique in which the questions are designed to shape the respondent’s opinion
|
|
|
29. Selection bias (155-157)
|
• A polling error that arises when the sample is not representative of the population being studied, which create errors in over representing or under representing some opinions
|
|
|
30. Validity (155-158)
|
• Survey’s can be adversely affected by poor question format, faulty ordering of questions, inappropriate vocabulary, ambiguous questions, or questions with built-in biases
|
|
|
33. Electoral Realignment
|
• The point in history when a new party supplants the ruling party, becoming in turn the dominant political force. In the United States, this has tended to occur roughly every thirty years
|
|
|
34. Framing
|
• Helping people understand events through choices in vocabulary, images, etc.
|
|
|
35. Agenda setting (183)
|
• The power of the media to bring public attention to particular issues and problems
|
|
|
36. Priming (185-186)
|
• Preparing the public to take a particular view of an event or political actor
|
|
|
37. Why the US has a two party system (202-206)
|
• It started in the 1790’s with the Federalist and Jefferson’s Republicans
|
|
|
39. Referendum
|
• The practice of referring a measure proposed or passed by a legislative representative. Happens every ten years
|
|
|
40. Elite Theory of American Representative Democracy
|
• A perspective holding that society is ruled by a small number of people who exercise power to further their self-interest.
|
|
|
41. Pluralist Theory of American Representative Democracy
|
• A theory that views politics as a conflict among interest groups. Bargaining and compromise characterize political decision-making.
|
|
|
42. Key organizational components of interest groups (241-244)
|
• Leadership
• Money • Agency or Office • Members |
|
|
43. Interest Group Benefits (242-244)
|
• Informational Benefits
• Material Benefits |
|
|
44. Leadership in the House of Representatives (277-280)
|
• The Speaker of the House
|
|
|
45. Leadership in the Senate (277-280)
|
• The Vice President
|
|
|
46. The roles of the president (303-330)
|
• Commander in Chief
• Chief Diplomat • Chief Executive • Chief of State • Chief Legislator • Chief Judicial Officer • Voice of the People |
|
|
47. The powers of the president (307-313)
|
• Veto power
• Election • Commander in chief • Make treaties • Selected appointments: including ambassadors, public ministers, and judges of the Supreme Court • Give Congress information on the State of the Union and recommend measures • Nominate a vice president in case of a vacancy • Removal |
|
|
48. Bureaucratic agencies (352-255)
|
• Federal Bureau of Investigations
• Secret Service • Food and Drug Administration |
|
|
49. The Federal Reserve System (the Fed) (346)
|
• A system of 12 Federal Reserve Banks that facilitates exchange of cash, checks, and credit; regulates member banks; and uses monetary policies to fight inflation and deflation
|
|
|
50. The concept of oversight (355-356)
|
• The effort by congress, through hearing, investigations, and other techniques, to exercise control over the activities of executive agencies by overseeing or supervising how legislation is carried out by the executive branch
|
|
|
53. Domestic Policy (395-427)
|
• Is a decisions, rules, and regulations produced by the government
|
|
|
54. Job Training Programs (413)
|
• Job Training Partnership Act
|
|
|
55. Welfare Reform (408-410)
|
• No longer an entitlement
• Five year life time limit • Work requirement • Less Cash assistance |
|
|
57. Foreign Policy
|
• Diplomacy
• Military and security policy • International human right policy • Economic policies such as trade and international energy policy |
|
|
58. Isolationism (431)
|
• Desire to avoid involvement in the affairs of other nations
|
|
|
60. Deterrence (442)
|
• The development and maintenance of military strength as a means of discouraging attacks
|
