American National Government 7

Front 1

Bureaucracy

Back 1

a system of organization and control based on the pricniples of hierarchical authority, job specialization and formalized rules.

Front 2

Hierarchial Authority

Back 2

refers to the chain of command within an organization whereby officials and units have control over those below them.

Front 3

Job Specialization

Back 3

holds that the responsibilities of each job position should be explicitly defined and that a precise devision of labor within the organization should be maintained.

Front 4

Formalized Rules

Back 4

refers to the standardized procedures and established regulations by which a bureaucracy conducts its operations

Front 5

Formalized Rules

Back 5

refers to the standardized procedures and estabished regulations by which a bureaucracy conducts its operations

Front 6

Types of Administrative Organization

Back 6

Cabinet Departments - Independent Agencies - Regulatory Agencies - Government Corps - Presedential Commissions

Front 7

Cabinet Dept.

Back 7

Department of State, Homeland Security

Front 8

Independent Agencies

Back 8

NASA and the CIA

Front 9

Regulatory Agencies

Back 9

FCC and the EPA

Front 10

Government Corps

Back 10

US Postal Service and Amtrak

Front 11

Presidential Commssions

Back 11

Commission on Fine Arts

Front 12

The Federal Bureaucracys Policy Responsibilities

Back 12

Policy Implementation (administration) - Rulemaking

Front 13

The Agency Point of View

Back 13

the tendency of bureaucrats to place the interests of their agency ahead of other interests and ahead of the priorities sought by the president of congress

Front 14

Sources of Bureaucratic Power

Back 14

The Power of Expertise - The Power of Clinetele Groups - the Power of Friends in High Places

Front 15

Accountability of Federal Bureaucracies

Back 15

Congress (Budget allocation)
President (Appointments and possible reorganization)

Front 16

Whistle Blowing

Back 16

an internal check on the bureaucracy whereby individual bureaucrats report instances of mismanagement that they observe.

Front 17

Jurisdiction

Back 17

a given courts authority to hear cases of a particular kind

Front 18

State Courts vs. Federal Courts

Back 18

95% of cases are settled at the state level

Front 19

Original Jurisdiction vs. Appellate Jurisdiction

Back 19

must appeal your way to the Supreme courts (final appeal)

Front 20

Precedent

Back 20

a judicial decision in a given case that serves as a rule of thumb for settling subsequent cases of a similar nature; courts are generally expected to follow precedent

Front 21

Judicial Activism

Back 21

the docitrine that the courts should develop new legal principles when judges see a compelling need, even if this action places them in conflict with the policy decisions of the elected officials

Front 22

Judicial Restraint

Back 22

the doctrine that the judiciary should be highly respectful of precedent and should defer to the judgement of legislatures. The doctrine claims that the job of judges is to work within the confines of laws set down by tradition and law-making policies.

Front 23

Appeal process, very limited original jurisdiction

Back 23

Writ of Certiorari and Solicitor General

Front 24

Write of Certiorar

Back 24

permission granted by a higher court to allow a losing party in a legal case to bring the case before it for ruling; when such a writ is requested of the US Supreme Crout, four of the Courts nine justices must agree to accept the case before it is granted

Front 25

Solicitor General

Back 25

government representative from the Justice Department

Front 26

Brief

Back 26

a long written argument given for each side of a prospective case, the oral argument is less comprehensive

Front 27

Oral Arguments

Back 27

limited to thirty minutes for each slide

Front 28

Judicial Conference

Back 28

5 people that shape policy

Front 29

Decision

Back 29

a vote of the Supreme Court in a particular case that indicates which party the justices side with and by how large a margin

Front 30

Opinion

Back 30

a courts written explanation of its decision which serves to inform others of the legal basis for the decision

Front 31

Majority Opinion

Back 31

a supreme court opinion that results when a majority of the jusices are in agreement on the legal basis of a decision

Front 32

Dissenting Opinion

Back 32

the opinion of a justice in a Supreme Court case that explains the reasons for disagreeing with majority position

Front 33

Plurality Opinion

Back 33

a court opinion that results when a majority of justices agree on a decision in a case but do not agree on the legal basis for the decision. In such instances, the legal position held by most of the justices on the winning side is called a plurality

Front 34

Concurrcing Opinion

Back 34

a separate opinion written by a Supreme Court justice who votes with the majority on a case buy who disagrees with their reasoning.