American National Government 3

Front 1

Political Socialization

Back 1

The learning process by which people acquire thier political opinions, beliefs and values.

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When does Political Socialization Occur?

Back 2

Occurs in childhood and cumulative in nature

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Agents of Political Socialization?

Back 3

Familes, Mass Media, Schools, Peers, Churches, Political Institutions

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Ideology

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a consistent pattern of opinion on political issues that stems from a basic underlying belief or set of beliefs. (what you should and should not do)

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Liberals

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ECONOMIC - favor a government active in economic activities.

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Conservatives

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SOCIAL - favor a government active in social activities

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Libertarians

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NEITHER - Those who oppose government as an instrument of traditional values and of economic security.

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Populists

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BOTH - those who favor activist government as a means of promoting both economic secrutiy and traditional values.

Front 9

Public Opinon Poll

Back 9

Include Sample, Population, Sampling Error

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Sample

Back 10

relitively small number of individuals who are interviewed for the purpose of estimating the opsions of an entire pop.

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Population

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refers to the people whose opinions are being estimated through the sample.

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Sampling error

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measure of accuracy of a public opinion poll. The sample error is mainly a function of saample size and is usually expressed in prercentage terms.

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What are the problems with polls?

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lying, who you ask, wording of question, when you ask.

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News

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the news medias verson of reality, usually with an emphasis on timely, dramatic and compelling events and developments

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How did news change.

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From Partisan to Journalistic

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Objective Journalism

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a model of news reporting which is based on the communication of facts rather than opinions and which is fair in that it presents all sides of partisan debate.

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Interpretive Reporting

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the style of reporting that aims to explain why something is taking place or has occured.

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Descriptive Reporting

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a style of reporting that required that reporters stick to the facts which provided a straight forward description of events.

Front 19

What various roles do the new media have in the political system?

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Signaler Role, Common-Carrier Role, Watchdog Role, Public-Representative Role

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Signaler Role

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accepted responsibility of the media to alert the public to important developments as soon as possible after they are discovered.

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Common-Carrier Role

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the media's function as an open channel through which political leaders can communicate with the public.

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Watchdog Role

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the accepted responsibility of the media to protect the public from deceitful, careless, incompetent and corruptofficials by standing ready to expose any official who violates accepted legal, ethical or performance standards

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Public Representative Role

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a role whereby the media attempt to act as the publics representative

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Agenda Setting

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the power of the media through news coverage to focus the publics attention and concern on particular events, problems, issue, personalities.

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What kind of Interests Groups are there?

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Economic Groups and Citizens Groups

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Economic Groups

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interest groups that are organized primarily for economic reawsons, but which engage in political activity in order to seek favorable policies from government.

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Example of Economic Groups

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Biggest, more money. Private Goods, An Organizatinal Edge, Material Incentive.

These groups include, business, labor, agricultural and proffesional interests.

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Citizens Groups

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organized interests formed by individuals drawn together by opportunities to promote a cause in which they believe but which does not provide them significatnt individual economic benefits.

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Example of Citizens Groups

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NRA, AAA, AARP, NAACP.

Collective Public Goods, the Free Rider Problem.

These groups include those for the public-interest, single-issues and ideologies. (save the whales)

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What is the most important thing of Interest groups?

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Get more money from lobbying!

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Inside Lobbying

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Direct communication between organized interests and policy makers, which is based on the assumed value of close (inside) contacts with policy makers

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Example of Inside Lobbying

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Iron Triangle and Issue Network

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Iron Triangle

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a small and informal but relitevly stable group of well-postioned legislators, executives and lobbyists who seek to promote policies beneficial to particular interest. (STABLE)

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Issue Network

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an informal network of public officials and lobbyists who have a common interest and expertise in a given area and who are brought together by a proposed policy in that area.

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Outside Lobbying

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a form of lobbying in which an interst group seeks to use public pressure as means of influencing officials.

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Examples of Outside Lobbying

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Grassroots Lobbying and Policial Action Committees

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Grassroots Lobbying

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a form of lobbying designed to pursuade officials that a groups policiy position has strong constituent support.

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Political Action Committess (PACS)

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organizations through which interest group raise and distribute funds for election purcposes. By law, funds must be raised through voluntary controbutions.

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Inputs in the political system

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Public Opinon, Media, Political Parties, Interest Groups, Elections, Polls.

All examples of self government