American Minorities: Exam #2

Front 1

chain immigration

Back 1

Immigrants sponsor several other immigrants who upon their arrival may sponsor still more.

Front 2

xenophobia

Back 2

The fear or hatred of strangers of foreigners

Front 3

nativism

Back 3

Beliefs and policies favoring native-born citizens over immigrants

Front 4

sinophobes

Back 4

People with a fear of anything associated with China

Front 5

naturalization

Back 5

Conferring of citizenship on a person after birth

Front 6

brain drain

Back 6

Immigration to the United States of skilled workers, professionals, and technicians who are desperately needed by their home countries

Front 7

remittances (or migradollars)

Back 7

The monies that immigrants return to their country of origin

Front 8

globalization

Back 8

Worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade, movements of people, and the exchange of ideas

Front 9

transnationals

Back 9

Immigrants who sustain multiple social relationships linking their socities of origin and settlement

Front 10

refugees

Back 10

People living outside their country of citizenship for fear of political or religious persecution

Front 11

asylees

Back 11

Foreigners who have already entered the United States and now seek protection because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution

Front 12

slave codes

Back 12

laws that defined the low positin held by slaves in the United States

Front 13

afrocentric perspective

Back 13

An emphasis on the customs of African cultures and how they have pervaded the history, culture, and behavior of Blacks in the United States

Front 14

ebonics

Back 14

Distinctive dialect with a complex language structure found among many Black Americans

Front 15

abolitionists

Back 15

Whites and free Blacks who favored the end of slavery

Front 16

Jim Crow

Back 16

Southern laws passed in the late 19th century that kept Blacks in their subordinate position

Front 17

white primary

Back 17

legal provisions forbidding Black voting in election primaries, which in one-party areas of the South effectively denied Blacks their right to select elected officials

Front 18

slavery reparations

Back 18

Act of making amends for the injustices of slavery

Front 19

restrictive covenants

Back 19

Private contracts or agreements that discourage or prevent minority-group members from purchasing housing in a neighborhood

Front 20

sundown towns

Back 20

Communities where non-Whites were systematically excluded from living

Front 21

de jure segregation

Back 21

Children assigned to schools specifically to maintain racially separated schools

Front 22

civil disobedience

Back 22

A tactic promoted by Martin Luther King Jr., based on the belief that people have the right to disobey unjust laws under certain circumstances

Front 23

riff-raff theory

Back 23

Also called the rotten-apple theory; the belief that the riots of the 1960's were caused by discontented youths rather than by social and economic problems facing all African Americans

Front 24

relative deprivation

Back 24

The conscious experience of a negative discrepancy between legitimate expectations and present actualities

Front 25

rising expectations

Back 25

The increasing sense of frustration the legitimate needs are being blocked

Front 26

de facto segregation

Back 26

Segregation that is the result of residential patterns

Front 27

apartheid schools

Back 27

All-Black schools

Front 28

tracking

Back 28

The practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups on the basis of test scores and other criteria

Front 29

acting white

Back 29

Taking school seriously and accepting the authority of teachers and administrators

Front 30

income

Back 30

Salaries, wages, and other money received

Front 31

wealth

Back 31

An inclusive term encompassing all of a person's material assets, including land and other types of property

Front 32

underemployment

Back 32

Work at a job for which the worker is overqualified, involuntary part-time instead of full-time employment, or intermittent employment

Front 33

class

Back 33

As definied by Max Weber, people who share similar levels of wealth

Front 34

redlining

Back 34

The pattern of discrimination against people trying to buy homes in minority and racially changing neighborhoods

Front 35

zoning laws

Back 35

Legal provisions stipulating land use and the architectural design of housing, often used to keep racial minorities and low-income people out of suburban areas

Front 36

victimization surveys

Back 36

Annual attempts to measure crime rates by interviewing ordinary citizens who may or may not have been crime victims

Front 37

differential justice

Back 37

Whites being dealt with more leniently than Blacks, whether at the time of arrest, indictment, conviction, sentencing, or parole

Front 38

victim discounting

Back 38

Tendency to view crime as less socially significant if the victim is viewed as less worthy

Front 39

gerrymandering

Back 39

Redrawing districts bizarrely to create politically advantageous outcomes