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417 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Palpable

adj. tangible: able to be touched or felt


Mute

adj. silent


entangle

adj. twisted together; caught

analogies

type of comparison that is based on the relationships between things or ideas.

bulge

v. to swell or curve outward

taper

v. to become progressively thinner or smaller

glisten

v. to shine or to reflect light

tone

the author's attitude toward subject matter or audience.

render

v. to reproduce or depict in verbal or artistic form

apt

adj. likely; having a tendency

husky

adj. strong; burly

wanton

adj. resulting from extreme cruelty or neglect

sneer

v. to smile or laugh scornfully or critically

apostrophe

a figure of speech in which a writer directly addresses an inanimate object, an idea, or an absent person.

denotation

the dictionary meaning of a word

connotation

the implied, or cultural, meaning

enamel

n. a cosmetic or paint that gives a smooth, glossy appearance

bracken

n. a type of fern that grows in humid, temperate areas

coax

v. to persuade gently

poise

n. a state of balance

kin

n. relatives, or a group of people with common ancestry

synonyms

words that are similar in meaning

blank verse

poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.

speaker

the voice of the poem, similar to the narrator in a work of prose.

narrative poem

tells a story

characterization

techniques a writer uses to develop the personality of a character.

Modern short story

unspectacular, or everyday settings


themes of instability and loss


plots without a clear climax or resolution


understatement


irony


stream of consciousness


antiheroes

stream of consciousness

first-person point of view


a lack of conventional sentence structure or grammar


"free associations" that flow through a character's mind and link distinctly separate events


interior monologues



expression coined by William James, 1890

epiphany

moment of revelation

lurch

v. to move suddenly and unevenly


withered

adj. shriveled

detached

adj. not involved emotionally; aloof; indifferent

jostle

v. to bump, push, or shove while moving, as in a crowd

resign

v. to make oneself accept something

style

the writer's characteristic way of writing. It includes element such as word choice, sentence structure, and tone.

grimace

n. facial expression showing contempt, disgust or pain

ominous

adj. threatening

perturbation

n. state of being perturbed, anxious, or uneasy

petulance

n. irritability; impatience


mundane

adj. ordinary

motivation

the stated or implied reason or cause for a character's actions.

sensory details

details that appeal to one or more of the five senses

tactful

adj. able to speak or act without offending others

dutiful

adj. careful to fulfill obligations

vanity

n. excessive pride, as in one's looks

jilt

v. to drop or reject as a sweetheart

peity

n. religious devoutness; goodness

protaganist

n. central character in a literary work, around whom the main conflict revolves.

subtle

adj. faint; barely noticeable; not obvious

stark

adj. absolute; complete

unutterable

adj. too deep or great to be put into words

The Harlem Renaissance

During 1920s Harlem became "the recognized Negro capital" and passionate innovations in music, art, and literature were developed there.

sonnet

n. a lyric poem of fourteen lines, typically written in iambic pentameter.

imagery

the "word pictures" that a writer creates to make the text more vivid or evoke an emotional response.

antonym

words with opposite meanins

brazenness

n. defiant behavior; boldness

exalt

v. to lift up; to put in high spirits

snicker

n. a snide, partly suppressed laugh, often expressing disrespect

indifferent

adj. lacking feeling or concern

homonyms

different words that sound alike and may be spelled alike or differently and have different meanings

nobly

adv. with superior morals or character

constrain

v. to force or limit

kinsmen

n. those who share the same racial or cultural background as another

benediction

n. blessing or something that fosters goodness

etymologies

word origins; the history and development of words

lull

v. to soothe or cause to sleep

bosom

n. the chest or heart

dusky

adj. murky or dark in color

repetition

the recurrence of sounds, words, phrases, lines and other elements in a literary work.

analogies

comparisons based on relationships between words

scintillating

adj. brilliant; sparkling

vogue

n. fashion; style;

patronage

n. business; trade; custom

influx

n. a continual coming in of people or things

millennium

n. a period of great happiness, peace, or prosperity

juxtaposition

the placing of two or more distinct things side by side in order to contrast or compare and may evoke an emotional response in the reader.

ellipses

three spaced periods that indicate the omission of words within a text, such as a quotation.

sown

v. planted

lean

adj. unproductive; lacking

reap

v. to gather or to harvest

metaphor

a figure of speech that compares two seemingly unlike things.

fused

adj. blended

diverse

adj. composed of different elements

unique

adj. unusual;

unsheathed

adj. removed from a protective case

stanza

a group of lines forming a unit in a poem or song. It tends to focus on a certain topic or feeling.

scuffle

v. to move with a slow, heavy, shuffling gait

dissipate

v. to cause to scatter and gradually vanish; to break up and drive off

avert

v. to turn away or aside

implied theme

allowing the main message to reveal itself through events, dialogue, or descriptions

sluggishly

adv. slowly; without strength or energy

vindicate

v. to justify; to prove correct in light of later circumstances

haughty

adj. conceited; arrogant

circumvent

v. to get around or to avoid by clever maneuvering

virulent

adj. extremely poisonous or harmful

foreshadowing

the use of clues by the author to prepare a reader for events that will happen later in the story.

grave

adj. dignified and gloomy; somber

vigorously

adv. with power, energy and strength

ceremonial

adj. formal

solemn

adj. serious; somber

comprehension

n. the act of grasping mentally understanding

analogies

the comparisons that reveal the relationship between two words

futile

adj. serving no practical purpose; useless; worthless

hostile

adj. feeling or showing hatred; antagonistic

vindictive

adj. desiring revenge

poised

adj. having a calm, controlled and dignified manner; composed

alien

adj. strange; unfamiliar; foreign

flash-forward

an interruption in the chronological sequence of a narrative to leap forward in time

guant

adj. thin, bony, and hollow-eyed, as from hunger or illness

ravenous

adj. extremely hungry

stately

adj. noble; dignified; majestic

morose

adj. bad-tempered, gloomy, and withdrawn

rue

v. to regret; to be sorry for

dialogue

the conversations between characters in a literary work.


background knowledge

what you already know about the setting, characters, and situations in a literary work.

amorphous

adj. without definite form

retractable

adj. capable of being drawn back or in

hemorrhage

n. a severe discharge of blood

inquistor

n. one who asks questions

intimation

n. a hint; a suggestion

plot

the sequence of events that constitutes a narrative, usually involving characters in conflict.


rising action, climax, falling action

impudent

adj. cocky, bold

tribute

n. something given to show affection, gratitude, or respect

consolidation

n. the process of uniting or merging

twinge

n. a sudden, sharp physical or emotional pain

dialect

a way of speaking and writing that is characteristic of a particular group, often within a particular region and time.

meager

adj. deficient in quantity or completeness

amiable

adj. friendly

animated

adj. full of life; active; lively

enamored

adj. inspired with love; charmed; captivated

abjectly

adv. in a humiliating, mean, or degrading manner

grapple

v. to struggle in hand-to-hand combat; to wrestle

loiter

v. to stand or linger idly or aimlessly about a place

intimidated

adj. made timid or fearful; frightened into submission or inaction

engrossed

adj. fully attentive to; completely engaged in; absorbed

jubilant

adj. extremely happy; triumphantly joyful

foil

a character who provides a strong contrast to another character, usually a main character.

infamy

n. reputation as something evil or harmful

diplomatic

adj. negotiating in a peaceful manner

implication

n. an effect of consequence

inevitable

adj. certain to happen

author's purpose

intent in writing a piece of literature, typically to accomplish one or more of the following: to persuade, to inform, to explain, to entertain, or to describe.

premeditated

adj. thought about beforehand;

turret

n. a small, rotating domelike structure that is mounted with guns and attached to the body of an aircraft

Plexiglas

n. a light and very durable transparent plastic

gunner

n. an airman or a soldier who operates a gun

fetus

n. the unborn young of a human or other viviparous vertebrate

imagery

word pictures that writers create to evoke an emotional response.

ineffably

adv. to a degree that is impossible to express; indescribably

succumb

v. to give in or submit to

premonition

n. a warning, or foreboding about the future

fetid

adj. having a bad odor

curt

adj. rudely brief, or short; terse

narrator

the person who tells the story.

installment

n. one part of a payment that has been divided

swindle

v. to cheat someone out of money or property

idiom

a saying, or group of words, that takes on special meaning, usually one different from its literal meaning.

static character

remains basically the same throughout the story

dynamic character

grows and changes during the story.

figure of speech

a specific kind of language that expresses some truth beyond the literal level.

free verse

poetry that has no fixed pattern of meter, rhyme, line length, or stanza arrangement.

compromise

v. to endanger the reputation or interests of

contention

n. a verbal argument or struggle; quarreling

subservient

adj. useful in an inferior capacity; submissive

pretense

n. a false show or appearance, especially for the purpose of deceiving; falseness

evade

v. to escape or avoid, as by cleverness

dialogue

the conversation between characters in a literary work.

reprimand

v. to reprove or correct sharply

ameliorate

v. to make better or more tolerable; to improve

base

adj. morally low; dishonorable

covet

v. to desire, especially to an excessive degree, something belonging to another

ineptly

adv. incompetently; awkwardly; clumsily

historical context

the background setting for a piece of literature. It can include political, social, and even religious events.

vile

adj. evil; foul; repulsive; degrading

immaculate

adj. unblemished; flawless; pure

perjury

n. the act of swearing under oath to the truth of something that one knows to be untrue

contemplation

n. the act of thinking about something long and seriously

unperturbed

adj. undisturbed; calm

conciliatory

adj. trying to gain the good will of another fby friendly acts


reprieve

n. official postponement of the carrying out of a sentence

retaliation

n. the act of repaying an injury or a wrong by committing the same or a similar act

adamant

adj. completely firm and unyielding

indictment

n. a formal legal accusation, charging the commission or omission of an act, which is punishable by the law

tragedy

a play in which a main character suffers a downfall.

ordeal

n. a circumstance or experience that is painful or difficult; a trial

stature

n. a level attained; standing; status

imperative

n. something absolutely necessary an essential

repudiate

v. to refuse to accept as valid; to reject; to renounce

structure

the particular order or pattern a writer uses to present ideas.

ancestral

adj. of or relating to those from whom one is descended

colossal

adj. extraordinary in size or degree; enormous

continuity

n. the state or quality of going on without interruption

ephemeral

lasting for a very brief time; short lived

anecdote

n. a brief account of an interesting event.

grope

v. to feel about uncertainly with the hands; to search blindly

stooped

adj. bent forward and downward

ponder

v. to think about thoroughly and carefully

gape

v. to stare with the mouth open, as in wonder or surprise

dwell

v. to think about at length

mood

the feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates

wallowing

v. moving in a clumsy manner or with difficulty

fondle

v. to handle gently

transfusion

n. the act of passing life-saving fluids from one to another

transformed

adj. changed in a dramatic way

verse paragraph

a group of lines in a poem that form a unit but does not have a fixed number of lines.

tone

the attitude an author has toward his or her subject matter.

tarnish

v. to dull, soil, or stain

permeate

v. to penerate, spread through, or diffuse

extraneous

adj. not intrinsically belonging; not forming a vital part; coming from outside

mildewed

adj. coated or partially coated with a fungus that causes spoilage

congress

n. a formal meeting

rank

adj. having a strong, offensive odor

simile

a figure of speech using a word such as "like" or "as" to compare seemingly unlike things.

recede

v. to move back or away from a limit, point, or mark

swelter

v. to suffer from oppressive hear

congregate

v. to bring or come together in a group, a crowd, or an assembly

validictory

adj. of or relating to an occasion or expression of farewell

personification

a figure of speech in which an animal, an object, a force of nature or an idea is given human characteristics.

lopped

v. trimmed or chopped off, as the branches of a tree

subverting

v. overthrowing and destroying

rampages

v. rushes wildly about; scurries

grievous

adj. causing or characterized by grief; extremely sad.

implementation

n. putting into effect; putting into use

infrastructure

n. the underlying base for an organization or a system

stigma

n. mark or characteristic of disgrace

hysterical

adj. characterized by panic or other uncontrolled emotion

secede

v. to formally withdraw from an alliance

satire

writing that uses humor to comment on philosophical ideas, social customs, political institutions, and even general human tendencies.

enunciate

v. to pronounce distinctly

holocaust

n. great or complete destruction, especially by fire

random

adj. lacking a definite pattern; haphazard

warily

adv. in a watchful or alert manner; cautiously

woo

v. to tempt or invite

rear

v. to lift upright; raise

nostalgia

n. a bittersweet longing for things, persons, or situations of the past

scorn

n. contempt or disdain felt toward a person or object considered despicable or unworthy

downy

adj. soft and fluffy, like the feathers of a young bird

inaudibly

adv. in a manner not able to be heard

gravity

n. seriousness; importance

oblivious

adj. without conscious awareness

dusk

n. the time of day just before nightfall

exposition

in nonfiction presents information that readers will need to understand the characters, the setting and the situation discussed

coincide

v. to occur at the same time

ambition

n. a desire to achieve a particular end

striking

adj. impressive; attractive

marvel

v. to be filled with wonder

fitfully

adv. irregularly; in stops and starts

spurn

v. to reject with contempt; to scorn

disdain

v. to look down on, to despise

indifferent

adj. having no marked feeling for or against

vivid

adj. perceived as bright and distinct; brilliant

token

n. something serving as an indication, proof or expression of something else; a sign

emblem

n. an object or a representation that functions as a symbol

symbol

any object, person, place, or experience that represents something beyond the literal meaning

congenital

adj. of or relating to a condition that is present at birth, as a result of either heredity or environmental influences

brood

v. to focus the attention on a subject persistently and moodily; worry

sear

v. to char, scorch, or burn the surface with or as if with a sudden application of intense hear\t

cynic

n. a person whose outlook is scornfully and often habitually negative

decimated

adj. destroyed or killed in large numbers

presumptuous

adj. going beyond what is proper; excessively bold

ecclesiastical

adj. of or relating to the church

undeviating

adj. not turning away from

wane

v. to decrease gradually; to decline

catalog

a list of images, details, people, or events in a piece of writing

aristocracy

n. people with high social status due to birth or title

exclusively

adv. without the inclusion or involvement of any others

enlighten

v. to give knowledge or wisdom to

meandering

adj. following a winding course

unorthodox

adj. not customary or traditional

essay

n. a type of nonfiction that conveys a writer's ideas and opinions on a specific topic.

graphic novel

loosely applied to any lengthy story in comic book form

diaspora

n. the scattering of a people

shtetl

n. small Jewish town or community

ghetto

n. neighborhood where a particular group of people are forced to live either by law, poverty, or social exclusion.

motif

n. a significant word, phrase, description, idea, or other element that is repeated throughout a work and is related to the theme.

Regionalism

Following the Civil War, some American writers concentrated on the unique characteristics, or local color, of a particular region of the country.

Realism

Writers of this period turned away from Romanticism and attempted to create the appearance of ordinary life. Known as Realists, these writers aimed not to transcend reality but to render the truth of everyday experiences as they saw, heard, and felt it.

Naturalism

A more extreme movement grew out of Realism. Naturalist writers, influenced by scientists such as Charles Darwin, believed that human beings are shaped by heredity and environment and dominated by economic, social, or natural forces.

Garrulous

(Adj.) talkative

Conjecture

(Verb) To form an opinion without definite evidence;to guess.

Dilapidated

(Adj.) Fallen into ruin or decay; shabby

Interminable

(Adj.) Seemingly endless

Enterprising

(Adj) Showing energy and initiative, especially in beginning new projects

Repose

(Noun) Relaxation; tranquility; eternal rest

Degenerate

(Adj) Having declined in condition or character; deteriorated

Ruinous

(Adj) Causing ruin; destructive.

Dramatic Monologue

A form of dramatic poetry in which the speaker addresses a silent listener. Examples: Lucinda Matlock Fiddler Jones Both by Edgar Lee Masters

Legacy

Noun An inheritance

Reproach

Noun An expression of disapproval; a reprimand

Doggedly

Adverb In a stubbornly persistent manner; obstinately

Trepidation

Noun Nervous anticipation; anxiety

Obliquely

Adverb In a slanting or sloping direction

First person point of view

The story is told by one of the characters, referred to as "I" and the reader sees everything through that character's eyes.

Third person point of view

The narrator reveals the thoughts and feelings of only one character, referred to as he or she.

Omniscient Point of view

The narrator knows everything about the characters and events.

Appostitive

A noun, pronoun, or noun phrase that identifies another noun, pronoun, or noun phrase.

Restrictive Appositive (Essential)

An appositive which is not set off with commas. (My brother Alfred is a poet.)

Nonrestrictive Appositive

An appositive which is set off by commas. (Alfred, our family poet, has never been published.)

Tone

The writer's attitude toward the subject of a work. Writers create the tone of a work primarily through diction, or word choice.

Prosperous

Adjective Wealthy or successful

Obscure

Adjective Little known or having an insignificant reputation

Stupor

A confused or dazed state of mind

Calamity

Noun An unfortunate event or disaster

Elusive

Adjective Difficult to explain or grasp

Tumultuously

Adverb In an agitated manner;

Exalted

Adjective Elevated

Perception

Noun An awareness; an insight

Persistence

Noun Stubborn or determined continuance

Salient

Adjective Prominent or conspicuously noticeable

Tempest

Noun A violent storm

Dissension

Noun Disagreement or discord

Guile

Noun Deceit or slyness

Vile

Adjective Repulsive or disgusting

Rhyme scheme

The pattern formed by end rhymes in a stanza or poem.

Imperially

Adverb Majestically; magnificently

Assail

Verb To attack violently

Fragrant

Adjective Having a strong, pleasant smell

Incessantly

Adverb Continually; happening over and over without interruption

Scorn

Verb To treat with open contempt; reject something as worthless

Uncanny

Adjective Srrangely unsettling; eerie

Ingenuously

Adverb Honestly; frankly

Impudently

Adverb In an offensively bold manner

Coerce

Verb To force

Intangible

Adjective Not easily defined or evaluated by the

Immortality

Noun The condition of having eternal life

Compel

Verb To force;

Intervene

Verb To come or lie between

Apathetically

Adverb In a manner showing little interest or concern

Setting

The time and place in which the events of a literary work occur.

Detest

Verb To greatly dislike or loathe

Sap

Noun A watery source of nutrients that flow through a plant's circulatory system

Commerce

Noun Exchange of ideas and opinions

Apparition

Noun A ghostlike or nearly invisible appearance

Bough

Noun Tree branch

Tedious

Adjective Tiresome because of length; boring

Presume

Verb To expect something without justification; to take for granted

Digress

Verb To depart from the main subject; to ramble

Malinger

Verb To pretend incapacity or illness to avoid work

Deferential

Adjective Yielding to someone else's opinions or wishes

Depend

Verb To rely on

Glazed

Adjective Covered with a smooth, glossy coating

Delicious

Adjective Having a very pleasant taste

Pepper

Verb To shower with small objects

Crimson

Adjective A bright purplish red

Azure

Adjective A light purplish blue

Mount

Verb To ascend or soar

Regionalism

Following the Civil War, some American writers concentrated on the unique characteristics, or local color, of a particular region of the country.

Realism

Writers of this period turned away from Romanticism and attempted to create the appearance of ordinary life. Known as Realists, these writers aimed not to transcend reality but to render the truth of everyday experiences as they saw, heard, and felt it.

Naturalism

A more extreme movement grew out of Realism. Naturalist writers, influenced by scientists such as Charles Darwin, believed that human beings are shaped by heredity and environment and dominated by economic, social, or natural forces.

Garrulous

(Adj.) talkative

Conjecture

(Verb) To form an opinion without definite evidence;to guess.

Dilapidated

(Adj.) Fallen into ruin or decay; shabby

Interminable

(Adj.) Seemingly endless

Enterprising

(Adj) Showing energy and initiative, especially in beginning new projects

Repose

(Noun) Relaxation; tranquility; eternal rest

Degenerate

(Adj) Having declined in condition or character; deteriorated

Ruinous

(Adj) Causing ruin; destructive.

Dramatic Monologue

A form of dramatic poetry in which the speaker addresses a silent listener. Examples: Lucinda Matlock Fiddler Jones Both by Edgar Lee Masters

Legacy

Noun An inheritance

Reproach

Noun An expression of disapproval; a reprimand

Doggedly

Adverb In a stubbornly persistent manner; obstinately

Trepidation

Noun Nervous anticipation; anxiety

Obliquely

Adverb In a slanting or sloping direction

First person point of view

The story is told by one of the characters, referred to as "I" and the reader sees everything through that character's eyes.

Third person point of view

The narrator reveals the thoughts and feelings of only one character, referred to as he or she.

Omniscient Point of view

The narrator knows everything about the characters and events.

Appostitive

A noun, pronoun, or noun phrase that identifies another noun, pronoun, or noun phrase.

Restrictive Appositive (Essential)

An appositive which is not set off with commas. (My brother Alfred is a poet.)

Nonrestrictive Appositive

An appositive which is set off by commas. (Alfred, our family poet, has never been published.)

Tone

The writer's attitude toward the subject of a work. Writers create the tone of a work primarily through diction, or word choice.

Prosperous

Adjective Wealthy or successful

Obscure

Adjective Little known or having an insignificant reputation

Stupor

A confused or dazed state of mind

Calamity

Noun An unfortunate event or disaster

Elusive

Adjective Difficult to explain or grasp

Tumultuously

Adverb In an agitated manner;

Exalted

Adjective Elevated

Perception

Noun An awareness; an insight

Persistence

Noun Stubborn or determined continuance

Salient

Adjective Prominent or conspicuously noticeable

Tempest

Noun A violent storm

Dissension

Noun Disagreement or discord

Guile

Noun Deceit or slyness

Vile

Adjective Repulsive or disgusting

Rhyme scheme

The pattern formed by end rhymes in a stanza or poem.

Imperially

Adverb Majestically; magnificently

Assail

Verb To attack violently

Fragrant

Adjective Having a strong, pleasant smell

Incessantly

Adverb Continually; happening over and over without interruption

Scorn

Verb To treat with open contempt; reject something as worthless

Uncanny

Adjective Srrangely unsettling; eerie

Ingenuously

Adverb Honestly; frankly

Impudently

Adverb In an offensively bold manner

Coerce

Verb To force

Intangible

Adjective Not easily defined or evaluated by the

Immortality

Noun The condition of having eternal life

Compel

Verb To force;

Intervene

Verb To come or lie between

Apathetically

Adverb In a manner showing little interest or concern

Setting

The time and place in which the events of a literary work occur.

Detest

Verb To greatly dislike or loathe

Sap

Noun A watery source of nutrients that flow through a plant's circulatory system

Commerce

Noun Exchange of ideas and opinions

Apparition

Noun A ghostlike or nearly invisible appearance

Bough

Noun Tree branch

Tedious

Adjective Tiresome because of length; boring

Presume

Verb To expect something without justification; to take for granted

Digress

Verb To depart from the main subject; to ramble

Malinger

Verb To pretend incapacity or illness to avoid work

Deferential

Adjective Yielding to someone else's opinions or wishes

Depend

Verb To rely on

Glazed

Adjective Covered with a smooth, glossy coating

Delicious

Adjective Having a very pleasant taste

Pepper

Verb To shower with small objects

Crimson

Adjective A bright purplish red

Azure

Adjective A light purplish blue

Mount

Verb To ascend or soar