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145 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What was the "Red scare"?
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The period after WWI whe people were afraid of radical philosophies.
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Who was A. Mitchell Palmer?
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He jailed & deported 6,000 immigrants (and radicals).
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Unions were in favor of...
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closed shop, meaning they must be in the union.
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Who were Socco and Vanzetti?
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Italian immigrants/anarchists who murdered a guard. They were convicted and sentenced to death, but people said they were convicted for who they were, instead of what they had done.
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What was the Ku Klux Klan?
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Anti-foreigners, -Catholic, -Jew, -pacifist, -birth control, -communist, -black (5 million members)
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What was the Emergency Quota Act?
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1921; 3% of total # of immigrants from 1910 could come to US.
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What was the Immigration Act?
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1924; 2% of total # of immigrants from 1890 could come to US.
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Which immigrants were basically eliminated?
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Japanese
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What's the significance of the year 1931?
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More Americans left than arrived.
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What was the Volstead Act?
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1919; this law made drinking a crime.
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What were "speakeasies"?
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Saloons
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What were "rum runners"?
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Alcohol smugglers
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What was "moonshine"?
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Homemade alcoholic beverage
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What was one result from the Volstead Act/prohibition?
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Worker absenteesim decreased, and the workers' savings increased.
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Where was the center of gangsters?
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Chicago
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Who was Al Capone?
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"Scar face"; St. Valentine's Day Massacre (1929), he rounded up a bunch of gangsters and shot them.
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What is extortion?
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Protection $; gangs made people pay so that they don't hurt them. They protected them fr. other gangs, but threatened them.
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In 1929, what was the life expectancy?
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59 yrs.
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What subject was a crime to teach?
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Evolution
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Who was John Scopes?
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1925, he was accused of teaching about evolution in Dayton, Tennessee.
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Who was the prosecutor in Scopes' trial?
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William Jennings Bryan
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Who was the defense attorny in Scopes' trial?
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Clarence Darrow
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Who was H.L. Mencken?
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A journalist
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What happened between Bryan and Darrow?
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Darrow humiliated Bryan, and Bryan died 5 days later.
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Who was Henry Ford?
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He created Model T (1912-1931).
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How many cars were in the US in 1930?
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30 million
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Who stressed education for life (elective classes)?
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John Dewey
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What did Bruce Barton wrote?
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"The Man Nobody Knows", giving rationale justifying advertising. If Jesus were still alive, he would be an ad-man.
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What did people have?
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Leisure time
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Who was the major league pitcher for Red Sox and batter for Yankees?
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George Herman "Babe" Ruth
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Who attracted 100,000 spectators?
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Jack Dempsey
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What sport was illegal?
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Boxing
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Boxers were mostly what nationality?
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Irish
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Who was the famous football player?
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Harold "Red" George
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What was the center of automobiles?
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Detroit
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Which industries prospered b/c of automobiles?
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Steel, rubber, glass, fabrics, roads, service stations, auto repair, & petroleum.
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Which industry was hurt b/c of automobiles?
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Railroad
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By what were roads financed?
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Gas taxes
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The automobile was a symbol of what?
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Freedom
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What were the advantages of cars?
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Leisure hours on driving vacations, freed women from dependence on men, less attractive stages lost population, and suburbs spread farther.
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What were some disadvantages of cars?
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Smog and deaths b/c of car accidents.
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Who were Orville and Wilur Wright?
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They successfully flew a plane on Dec. 17, 1903 in Kittyhawk, North Carolina.
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Where was the first transcontinental airmail route established?
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Fr. NY to San Francisco in 1920.
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Who's the greatest hero of this period?
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Charles A. Lindbergh
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Who was Charles A. Lindbergh?
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1st solo pilot on the plane "Spirit of St. Louis" to go west-to-east; flew from NY to Paris.
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Who invented the wireless?
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1890; Marconi
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What was the first radio station?
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KDKA, Pittsburgh; Nov. 1920
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What was the first real movie with a story/plot?
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1903; "The Great Train Robbery"; 1/2 hr. movie produced by Edison Co.
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Who was D.W. Griffith?
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He produced the movie "The Birth of a Nation" (1915); used zoom in/zoom out.
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What became the center of movies?
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Hollywood; b/c of weather.
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What is a "talkie"?
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A movie that had people actually talking and not mouthing the words.
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What was the 1st talkie?
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"The Jazz Singer" starring Al Jolson, 1927.
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How many admissions were sold for movies per week?
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100 million
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Who became the standards of living?
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Film stars
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What was the standardization of American culture?
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Americans weren't as socially isolated.
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What was the language used in movies?
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Mid-atlantic
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Who was Margaret Sanger?
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An advocate for birth control.
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What were "flappers"?
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Women who cut their hair short ("bobbed" their hair), smoked, and described themselves as more liberal.
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What did Sigmund Freud say?
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Mental health required sexual gratification.
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How many Africans lived in Harlem by 1920?
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100,000; Harlem was the largest African-American community.
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Who was Marcus Garvey?
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Founder of the United Negro Improvement Association; promoted resettlement of American blacks in Africa.
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Who was Henry L. Mencken?
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Author; criticized American society; called middle-class American the "booboisie."
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What did F. Scott Fitzgerald write?
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"The Great Gatsby"; glamour and cruelty of an achievement-oriented society.
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What did Theodore Dreiser write?
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"An American Tragedy"; murder of pregnant working girl by her socially ambitious young lover.
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What did Ernest Hemingway write?
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"The Sun Also Rises," "A Farewell to Arms"; writing style was short sentences and few adjectives.
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What did Sherwood Anderson write?
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"Winesburg, Ohio"
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What did Sinclair Lewis write?
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"Main Street"; about middle America
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What did William Faulkner write?
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"The Sound and the Fury"; about deep south
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What did T.S. Eliot write?
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Poem "The Waste Land"
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What did Robert Frost write?
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Poem "The Road Not Taken"
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What was the significance of e.e. cummings?
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Poet; relied on unorthodox diction and peculiar typesetting to produce poems.
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What did Eugene O'Neill write?
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"The Iceman Cometh"
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Who was Langston Hughes?
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Writer; led renaissance
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Who was Frank Lloy Wright?
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Architect
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What did Andrew Mellon?
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Lowered taxes b/c he believed high taxes discouraged business.
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What does buying stocks "on margin" mean?
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Small down payment.
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Who was the 1st pres. in office when women had the right to vote?
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Harding
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Who was the secretary of treasury?
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Andrew Mellon
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Who was the secretary of commerce?
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Herbert Hoover
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Who was the secretary of interior?
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Albert Fall
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Who was the attorney general?
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Harry Daugherty
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What was the Adkins v. Children's Hopsital?
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The Court invalidated a minimum wage law for women.
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What did Daugherty use to end the strike?
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Injunction
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What was the Veterans' Bureau?
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Created by Congress in 1921, authorized to operate hospitals and provide vocational rehabilitation for disabled.
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What was the American Legion?
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Founded in Paris 1919 By TR Jr.; superpatriotic
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What was the Adjusted Compensation Act?
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1924; gave veterans a paid-up insurance policy due in 20 yrs.
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Where did the US drill oil?
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Mideast
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What was the Washington Disarmament conference?
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1st time nations voluntarily agreed to reduce armament; US:G.Britain:Japan:France: Italy; 5:5:3:1.5:1.5
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What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact?
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1928; signed by 62 nations, outlawed war
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What was the Fordney-McCumber Tariff?
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Raised tariff from 27% to 38.5%.
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What did Col. Charles Forbes do?
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Stole $200 million from Veterans Hospital.
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What did Albert Fall do?
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Hw gave Ed Doheny and Henry Sinclair the right to drill Teapot Dome, WY, and Elk Hills, CA. Doheny gave $300,000 to Fall and Sinclair $100,000.
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How many years did Fall get sentenced to?
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1
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Doheny and Sinclair were...
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acquitted.
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Harry Daugherty was convicted of what?
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Selling pardons and medicinal alcohol.
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When did Harding die?
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Aug. 2, 1923, 2 yrs. into his administration, from a stroke.
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Who took office after Harding died?
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Calvin Coolidge.
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Who prospered in the 20's for the 1st time?
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Farmers
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What was the McNary-Haugen Bill?
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Govt. would buy farm surpluses; vetoed by Coolidge.
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Who were the candidates for the 1924 election?
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Coolidge (R), John W. Davis (D), La Follette (Progressives)
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Describe the 2 types of Democrats.
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(1)Drys, rural, fundamentalist, southern conservatists, old lime Americans, (2) Wets, urban, modernists, northern liberals, immigrants
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What was the Dawes plan?
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US banks loaned $ to Germany so that Germany could pay France and G. Britain so that France and G. Brtain could pay US.
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Who were the candidates for the 1928 election?
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Herbert Hoover (R), Alfred Smith (D)
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What phrase is associated w/ Hoover?
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"Rugged individualism"
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What hurt Smith's chance of winning?
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He was Roman Catholic and a wet/urban democrat.
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Isolation didn't apply where?
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Latin America
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What was the Agricultural Marketing Act?
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Govt. to loan $ to farmers/farm organizations; created Farm Board
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What was the Hawley-Smoot Tariff?
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60% tariff; highest tariff
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What does "making a killing" mean?
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Doing well in the stockmarket.
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What happened Oct. 24 and 29 of 1929?
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Black Thursday - stockmarket crash, Black Tuesday - another stockmarket crash
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Why couldn't people get their $ back ("run on the bank")?
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B/c the banks loaned the money.
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What was the Great Depression?
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People lost optimism
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Marriage and birth rates did what?
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Dropped
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Name 5 causes of the depression.
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(1) Overspeculation on manufacturing, (2) disproportionate distribution of wealth, (3) overextension of credit, (4) shaky foreign economies (Hawley-Smoot Tariff), (5) natural disasters (drought in Mississippi).
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What were Hoovervilles?
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Clusters of homeless people.
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How much did the Hoover dam cost to build?
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$2.25 billion
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What was the Reconstruction Finance Corporation?
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US govt. lending bank. It was designed to provide indirect relief by assisting insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, railroads, and even hardpressed state and local governments.
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What was the Norris-La Guardia Act?
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1932; outlawed yellow dog (antiunion) contracts and forbade federal courts to issue injunctions to restrain strikes, etc. Signed by Hoover.
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What did the veterans do?
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Demanded immediate payment. 20,000 veterans went to capital in 1932 and created a Hooverville. Hoover called army to get rid of the "Bonus Army." Army used tear gas and injured veterans.
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What happened in 1931 involving Japan?
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Japan attacked Manchuria, China, and changed the name.
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What didn't Hoover believe in?
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Direct govt. relief.
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What was the major weakness of the League of Nations?
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US didn't join.
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What was the Hoover-Stimson Doctrine?
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US wouldn't recognize any territory claimed by force.
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What territory was bombed in 1932 or 1937?
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Shanghai
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From where did Hoover withdraw troops?
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Haiti/Nicaragua
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What was the Good Neighbor Policy?
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Withdrawal of American bayonets by 1934.
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How did business people discourage unions?
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They called it communism, "Red Scare."
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What did the Immigration Quota Act discriminate against?
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Eastern/Souther (Mediterranean) Europe
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What was the Immigration Quota Act based on?
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Nationality
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Where was the most opposition to prohibition?
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Cities
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How did manufacturers solve their problem of overmanufacturing?
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By using advertisement.
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Who was the 1st efficiency expert?
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Frederick Taylor
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In the 1920s, there were more _____ than _____.
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urban;rural
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What was the contribution of African Americans?
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Jazz
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Why did Africans move north during WWI?
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Jobs
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What was the earliest involvement in the east?
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Oil
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What did Europe do when US raised tariffs?
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They raised their own tariffs.
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What was Teapot Dome?
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Oil belonging to navy was drilled.
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What was the biggest problem for farmers/manufacturers?
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Overproduction
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European nations argued that they didn't have to pay reparations b/c...?
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They paid in blood.
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What was Al Smith's nickame?
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"Happy Warrior"
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Which law contributed to the Great Depression?
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Hawley Smoot Tariff
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The Bonus Army was aka as what?
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Bonus Expeditionary Force
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What hurt Hoover's popularity even more?
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Bonus Army
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What did Japan do?
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Resigned fr. League of Nations.
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