American Indians Final

Front 1

First and Last Treat Signed Between Indians/USA

Back 1

First: Treaty of Fort Pitt. 1778, Lenape

Last: Nez Perce/Ft. Laramie

Front 2

The Three Sisters

Back 2

The three main agricultural crops of the Indians: Winter Squash, maize, and climbing beans

Front 3

Pottery of Hohokam, Mogollon, and Anasazi

Back 3

Hohokam: red on buff pottery

Mogollon: Red on White Pottery

Anasazi: Baskets, moved to Black on White Pottery

Front 4

Arrival of Maize

Back 4

Came from mesoamerica to the southwestern US. Mississippian Tradition

Front 5

Woodland Period

Back 5

Spanned from 1000 BCE to European contact. Focus on regional resources, no expansion. Local. Slow cultural development. Focus on eating weeds and early agriculture. Began to settle in small groups.

Front 6

Hopewell Tradition

Back 6

Culture that flourished along rivers in the northeast and midwest. Not a single culture but a wide population connected with trade routes. Adena on steroids. elaborate graves and huge burial mounds. social heirarchy

Front 7

Lenape

Back 7

Lived in NJ and Deleware River watershed. Language originates from Unami and Munsee. Matrilineal. First Nations band government

Front 8

Cheroke Roll

Back 8

Must have one direct Cherokee ancestor listed on the Dawes Final Rolls in order to be given land to individual citizens

Front 9

States with Largest and Smallest Indian Population

Back 9

Most: Oklahoma.

Least: Vermont

Front 10

Charnel

Back 10

A place for mortuary services, cremation, defleshing. Once used the houses were burned and covered by earth, creating a burial mound.

Front 11

Hohokam

Back 11

Southwest(Arizona) culture known for red on buff pottery, and their irrigation system. Formed in early AD, snaketown abandoned by 1150 AD, tradition collapses in 1450 AD. Had sports courts. Snaketown trading center.

Front 12

Dawes Act of 1887

Back 12

Provided allotments of land to individual indians.

Front 13

Ghost Dance

Back 13

Religious movement by natives to further themselves away from America. Restore past values pre America. No mourning, no farming.

Front 14

Sitting Bull

Back 14

An influential Sioux Indian who unified tribes. Once apart of Buffalo Bill show, he went back to his reservation and joined the Ghost Dance. Killed resisting arrest.

Front 15

The 5 Civilized Tribes and Why

Back 15

Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole. Adopted western culture, christianity, central gov, literacy, plantation slavery.

Front 16

Cahokia

Back 16

600-1400 AD. Urban settlement of the Mississippian culture, Maintained trade links. Collapsed due to climate change, deforestation, warfare, poor sanitation, epidemic disease.

Front 17

Fremont Culture

Back 17

Utah. (1 AD- 1300 AD). Rock painting. culture began to halt around 950 AD due to climate change. Incorporated into other traditions, or relocated.

Front 18

Tecumseh

Back 18

Leader of Shawnee. Opposed US and allied with Britain in the War of 1812.

Front 19

Atl Atl

Back 19

tool that uses leverage to achieve greater velocity in spear throwing

Front 20

Adena Complex

Back 20

700 AD-400AD. Notable, large burial mounds. Class systems. culture of early woodland centered in Ohio, would later be replaced in Ohio by the Hopewell, but the Adena influenced all of the woodlands.

Front 21

Werewecomoco

Back 21

Capital of Chief Powhatan's Confederacy, during time of Jamestown. Located in Virginia.

Front 22

Pueblo

Back 22

name of houses/communities in southwesterm US

Front 23

Kiva

Back 23

room/basement used by Puebloan for religious rituals and meetings.

Front 24

Wampum

Back 24

shell beads of the eastern woodland tribes

Front 25

Indian Policy 18th-19th C (ESSAY)

Back 25

Federal involvement in Indian Policy can be broken up into periods of coexistence, removal/reservation, assimilation, reorganization, termination, and self-determination.

18th c. expansion led to treaties with natives in order to purchase land, but settlers/states were usually against this policy. Reformers attempted to educate native aduly and children in efforts to civilize/assimilate them into society.

19th c. expansion continued to the west, especially in the Great Plains. Transcontinental railroad and gold found out west led to expansion and the pushing of indians out. Tecumseh of the Shawnee fought against US expansion, and allied with the British in the War of 1812. US gov continued to take Indian land, but also tried to establish civilizing agencies to assimilate them. Large scale removal and replacement of Indians

Front 26

Notable Events 18th-19th C (ESSAY) How would anthropology effected this

Back 26

French and Indian War (1775): Indians fight for the French.

American Rev.: Indians fight for both sides.

1778 First Treaty w. Deleware Indians: Allow to form a state.

War of 1812: Defeat of British meant little hope for Natives to have an independent state in the midwest.

Civilization Fund Act 1819: Promoted assimilation of natives.

Little Big Horn: Stand against US expansion

Black Hills Act: Transfered Indian land to Feds

Dawes Act: Gave land to individual indians.

Ghost Dance Movement

Indian Removal Act: Trail of Tears

Front 27

Mississippian Tradition (ESSAY)

Back 27

A mound-building culture in the midwest, east, and southeast US from 800-1600 AD. Variety of urban settlements and buildings linked together by trade networks. (Largest city being Cahokia, IL, "Moundville, Alabama" was a burial site that showed a hierarchical society). Known for burial mounds, maize-based agriculture, trade network, development of a chiefdom, social inequality, centralized control of politics/religion, settlement hierarchy,

Front 28

European Nations who Settled Here (ESSAY)

Back 28

French: Traded heavily with natives. Main goal trade/commerce. Fur trade. Tried to destroy Iriqois because they messed with trade networks. French priest attempt to convert Indians. No forced labor.

Dutch: Main goal is commerce, set up Ft. Nassau/Fort Orange. Dutch weak, Indians protected them. Settlement never took off. Kieft, Director of New Netherland, ordered an unapproved attack on the lenape and massacred them. Kieft recalled.

English: Search for gold, fur, and trade. Virginia Company established Jamestown with commercial intentions. Powhatan and neighboring tribes trade with them, and he married his daughter in good will to solidify European/Indian ties. Powhatan's brother becomes alarmed by the influx of settlers and killed almost 350. English respond by burning native farms. Indians launched King Philip's War (Metacom), leading to the first widespread conflict between natives and colonists. Created terror among the english, fear of indians. bad relations between indians/settlers for a long time.