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160 Cards in this Set
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Jane Addams
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A reformer and pacifist best known for founding Hull House in 1889. Hull House provided educational services to poor immigrants.
sociologist, author, and leader in woman suffrage and world peace. HULL HOUSE HULL HOUSE HULL HOUSE |
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Susan B. Anthony
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A leading member of the women’s suffrage movement. She served as president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association from 1892 until 1900.
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Anti-Saloon League
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Founded in 1895, the league spearheaded the prohibition movement during the Progressive Era.
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Battle of Antietam
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Fought in Maryland on September 17, 1863. Considered the single bloodiest day of the Civil War, casualties totalled more than 8,000 dead and 18,000 wounded. Although Union forces failed to defeat Lee and the Confederates, they did halt the Confederate advance through Northern soil.
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Battle of Gettysburg
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The largest battle of the Civil War. Widely considered to be the war’s turning point, the battle marked the Union’s first major victory in the East. The three-day campaign, from July 1 to 4, 1863, resulted in an unprecedented 51,000 total casualties.
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Black Codes
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Granted freedmen a few basic rights but also enforced heavy civil restrictions based on race. The codes were enacted in Southern states under Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction plan.
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Bleeding Kansas
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The popular name for the Kansas Territory in 1856 after abolitionist John Brown led a massacre at a pro-slavery camp, setting off waves of violence. Brown’s massacre was in protest to the recent establishment of Kansas as a slave state. Pro-slavery sympathizers had crossed into Kansas in order to vote illegally in the elections set up by the Kansas-Nebraska Act, resulting in the ousting of antislavery legislators.
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John Brown
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A religious zealot and an extreme abolitionist who believed God had ordained him to end slavery. In 1856, he led an attack against pro-slavery government officials in Kansas, killing five and sparking months of violence that earned the territory the name “Bleeding Kansas.” In 1859, he led twenty-one men in seizing a federal arsenal in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, in a failed attempt to incite a slave rebellion. He was caught and hanged
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James Buchanan
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A moderate Democrat with support from both the North and South who served as president of the United States from 1857 to 1861. Buchanan could not stem the tide of sectional conflict that eventually erupted into Civil War.
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Andrew Carnegie
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A Scottish immigrant who in 1901 founded Carnegie Steel, then the world’s largest corporation. In addition to being an entrepreneur and industrialist, Carnegie was a philanthropist who donated more than $300 million to charity during his lifetime
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Compromise of 1850
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Designed by Henry Clay and pushed through Congress by Stephen A. Douglas. The Compromise of 1850 aimed to resolve sectional conflict over the distribution of slave-holding versus free states. It stipulated the admission of California as a free state; the division of the remainder of the Mexican cession into two separate territories, New Mexico and Utah, without federal restrictions on slavery; the continuance of slavery but abolition of the slave trade in the District of Columbia; and a more effective Fugitive Slave Law. The compromise, however, proved incapable of stemming controversy over slavery’s expansion.
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Taos Revolt
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Uprising of Pueblo Indians in New Mexico that broke out in Jan 1847 over the imposition of American rule during the Mexican war; the revolt was crushed within a few weeks.
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Claims Clubs
also called Actual Settlers' Associations or Squatters' Clubs |
Make land available to needy settlers."[4] Their general purpose was to protect the first settlers to arrive on unclaimed lands, particularly in their rights to speculate and cultivate.
Groups of local settlers on the nineteenth century frontier who banded together to prevent the price of their land claims from being bid up by outsiders at public land auctions |
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Empresarios
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People who received a land grant from the Spanish or Mexican gov't in return for organizing settlements.
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Alamo
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the site in 1836 of a siege and massacre of Texans by Mexican troops.
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Wilmot Proviso
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Amendment offered by David Wilmot which says "as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico ... neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory.
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Popular sovereignty
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From Michigan senator Lewis Cass -- the idea that territory's vote on slavery, not congress' choice.
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Compromise of 1850
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admitted California as a free state
allowed the residents of the New Mexico and Utah territories to decide the slavery ended the slave trade in DC passed a new fugitive slave law to enforce the constitution. |
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Fugitive Slave Act
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Law, part of the compromise of 1850, that required the authorities in the North to assist southern slave catchers and return runaway slaves to their owners.
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Kansas-Nebraska Act
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Law passed in 1854 creating the Kansas and Nebraska Territories bu tleaving the question of slavery open to residents, thereby repealing the Missouri Compromise.
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Ostend Manifesto
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Message sent by US envoys to President Pierce from Ostend, Belgium, in 1854, stating that the United States had a divine right to wrest Cuba from Spain.
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Know-Nothing Party
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Anti-immigrant party formed from the wreckage of the Whig Party and some disaffected northern democrats in 1854.
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Dred Scot decision
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Supreme court ruling, in a lawsuit brought by Dred Scott, a slave demanding his freedom based on his residence in a free state, that slaves could not be US citizens and that Congress had no jurisdiction over slavery in the territories.
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Lecompton Constitution
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Proslavery draft written in 1857 by Kansas territorial delegates elected under questionable circumstances; it was rejected by two governors, supported by President Buchanan, and decisively defeated by congress.
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Panic of 1857
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caused by the declining international economy and over-expansion of the domestic economy.
the world's first world-wide economic crisis |
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Lincoln-Douglas debates
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Series of debates in the 1858 Illinois senatorial campaign during which Douglas and Lincoln staked out their differing opinions on the issue of slavery.
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John Brown's Raid
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New England abolitionist John Brown's ill-fated attempt to free Virginia's slaves with a raid on the federal arsenal at harper's ferry, virginia, 1859... John Brown was then put to death.
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Fort Sumter
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In South Carolina -- Started civil war, first battle. President Lincoln tried to provision federal troops and the south attacked.
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Confiscation Act
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Second confiscation law passed by congress, ordering the seizure of land from disloyal southerners and the emancipation of their slaves.
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Emancipation Proclamation
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Unless the confederacy rejoins the union by Jan 1, 1863, all their slaves will be forever free. DOES NOT FREE SLAVES, because the south doesn't accept their authority.
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New York Draft Riot
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Mostly Irish-immigrant protest against the draft in NYC in 1863 that escalated into class and racial warfare because the draft unfairly affected them while sparing wealthier men, who could afford to pay a $300 commutation fee to get out of war.
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Radical republicans
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congressmen who wanted abolition of slavery from beginning of civil war and later wanted harsh treatment of defeated south.
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Homestead Act
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Law passed by congress in May 1862 providing homesteads with 160 acres of free land in exchange for improving the land within five years of the grant.
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Land Grant College Act
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Law passed by congress in July 1862 awarding proceeds from the sale of public lands to the states for the establishment of agriculture and mechanical colleges.
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13th Amendment
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Constitutional amendment ratified in 1865 that freed all slaves throughout the United States.
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Freedmen's Bureau
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Agency established by congress in 1865 to provide social, educational, and economic services, advice and protection to former slaves and destitute whites -- lasted seven years.
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Field Order No. 15
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Order by General William T. Sherman in 1865 to set aside abandoned land along the southern Atlantic coast for forty-acre grants by President Andrew Johnson later that year.
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Southern Homestead Act
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Unsuccessful law passed in 1866 that gave black people preferential access to public lands in five southern states.
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14th Amendment
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Passed in 1866, guaranteed every citizen equality before the law by prohibiting states from violating the civil rights of their citizens, thus outlawing black codes.
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Congressional Reconstruction
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Name given to the period 1867-1870 when the Republican dominated congress controlled Reconstruction era policy.
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15th Amendment
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Passed by Congress in 1869, guaranteed the right of American men to vote, regardless of race.
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Scalawags
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southern whites who supported the southern republican party during reconstruction.
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Carpetbaggers
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Northern transplants to the south who were union soliders mostly who stayed in the South after the war.
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Union Leagues
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Republican Party organizers in northern cities that became an important organizing device among freedmen in southern cities after 1865.
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Redeemers
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southern democrats who used violence, and electoral fraud to get control back from republicans in 1870.
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Compromise of 1877
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The settling of the 1876 election
-gave win to Rutherford B. Hayes last of troops out of south Hayes must must put a former confederate in general in his cabinet has to support growth in south has to go on "good will" tour, and essentially gives all control of south to state governments. |
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Sharecropping
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Generally between former slaves and landowners... the landowner gave laborers a house, farm animals and tools and advanced credit in exchange for a share of the laborers' crop.
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Grange
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A national organization of farm owners formed after the civil war -- The national grange of the Patrons of Husbandry.
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Populist Party
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A major third party of the 1980s, formed on the basis of the southern formers' alliance and other organizations, mounting electoral challenges against democrats in the south and the republicans in the west.
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Jim Crow Laws
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Segregation laws that became widespread in the South during the 1890s.
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Gilded Age
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Term used in the late 19th century American that refers to the shallow display and worship of wealth characteristic of that period.
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Vertical Integration
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Consolidation of production resources and functions under the direction of one firm.
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Horizontal Integration
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The merger of competitors in the same industry.
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Gospel of Wealth
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Thesis that hard work and perseverance lead to wealth, implying that poverty is a character flaw.
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Great Uprising
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First national work stoppage in American history. Unsuccessful railroad strike of 1877 to protest wage cuts and the use of federal troops against strikers.
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Knights of Labor
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Labor union founded in 1869 that included all workers, no exceptions.
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Great Migration
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Mass movement of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North, spurred especially by new job opportunities during WWI and the 1920s.
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Sand Creek Massacre --
major who? attacked what two groups? ignited what? |
Chivington --- Arapahos and Southern Cheyenne --- 150 killed
Major John Chivington, a Colorado militia officer, attacked a peaceful village of Arapahos and Southern Cheyenne at Sand Creek in Colorado, killing over 150 Indians. That attack ignited a general war with the Indians. |
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Treaty of Fort Laramie
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The treaty acknowledging US defeat in the Great Sioux War in 1868 and supposedly guaranteeing the Sioux perpetual land and hunting rights in South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana.
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Battle of Little Bighorn
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Battle in which Colonel George A. Custer and the seventh Calvary were defeated by the Sioux and Cheyennes under sitting Bull and Crazy Horse in Montana in 1876.
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Wounded Knee Massacre
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US army's brutal winter massacre in 1890 of at least two hundred Sioux men, women, and children.
Part of the government's assault on the tribe's Ghost Dance Religion. |
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Chisholm Trail
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The route followed by Texas cattle raisers driving their herds north to markets at Kansas railheads.
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Homestead Act
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Law giving 160 acres of free land to anyone who would live there and farm for five years.
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Dawes Act
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Passed in 1887. The Dawes Severalty Act called for the breakup of Indian reservations and the treatment of Native Americans as individuals rather than as tribes. Any Native American who accepted the act’s terms received 160 acres of farmland or 320 acres of grazing land and was guaranteed U.S. citizenship in twenty-five years. Intended to help Native Americans integrate into white society, in practice the Dawes Act caused widespread poverty and homelessness.
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Grange
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The Patrons of Husbandry, known as “the Grange.” Formed in 1867 as a support system for struggling western farmers, the Grange offered farmers education and fellowship, and provided a forum for homesteaders to share advice and emotional support at biweekly social functions. The Grange also represented farmers’ needs in dealings with big business and the federal government.
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Ulysses S. Grant
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Commanding general of western Union forces for much of the war, and for all Union forces during the last year of the war. Grant later became the nation’s eighteenth president, serving from 1869 to 1877 and presiding over the decline of Reconstruction. His administration was marred by corruption.
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Haymarket Riot
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1886 rally in Chicago to protest police brutality against striking workers. The rally became violent after someone threw a bomb, killing seven policemen and prompting a police backlash. After the riot, leaders of the Knights of Labor were arrested and imprisoned, and public support for the union cause plunged.
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Harpers Ferry
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1859 raid on a federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia, led by John Brown. Twenty-one men seized a federal arsenal in a failed attempt to incite a slave rebellion. Brown was caught and hanged.
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Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871
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Sought to protect black suffrage in the wake of Klu Klux Klan activities
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15th amendment
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Ratified in March 1870. The Fifteenth Amendment prohibited the denial of voting rights to any citizen based on “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”
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Gettysburg Address
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Lincoln’s famous “Four score and seven years ago” speech. Delivered on November 19, 1863, at the dedication of a cemetery for casualties of the Battle of Gettysburg, Lincoln’s speech recast the war as a historic test of the ability of a democracy to survive.
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Gospel of Wealth
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Justification for the growing gap between rich and poor during the Industrial Revolution. The “Gospel” centered on the claim that anyone could become wealthy with enough hard work and determination. Writers like Horatio Alger incorporated this ideology into their work.
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Andrew Johnson
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President from 1865 (after Lincoln’s assassination) until 1869. Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction in the South was considered too lenient by the Radical Republicans in Congress; as a result, Congress fought his initiatives and undertook a more retributive Reconstruction plan. Johnson’s relationship with Congress declined steadily during his presidency, culminating in impeachment proceedings in 1868. He was ultimately acquitted.
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Know-Nothing Party
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The American Party. The Know-Nothings took the place of the Whig Party between 1854 and 1856, after the latter’s demise. They focused on issues of antislavery, anti-Catholicism, nativism, and temperance. The party collapsed during the latter half of the 1850s, in part because of the rise of the Republican Party.
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Robert E Lee
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The commanding general of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia during the Civil War. Lee was a brilliant strategist, commander, and fighter. Many historians believe that the Confederacy held out as long as it did only because of Lee’s skill and the loyalty of his troops.
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Lincoln-Douglas Debates
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A series of seven debates held from August 21 and October 15, 1858 between senatorial candidates, the debates pitted Abraham Lincoln, a free-soil Republican, against Stephen A. Douglas, a Democrat in favor of popular sovereignty. The debates were hard-fought, highly attended, and ultimately inconclusive, but they crystallized the dominant positions of the North in regard to slavery and propelled Lincoln into the national arena.
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Panic of 1873
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Due to overexpansion and overspeculation, the nation’s largest bank collapsed, followed by the collapse of many smaller banks, business firms, and the stock market. The panic of 1873 precipitated a five-year national depression.
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Panic of 1893
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Began when the railroad industry faltered during the early 1890s, sparking the collapse of many related industries. Confidence in the U.S. dollar plunged. The depression lasted roughly four years.
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Populist Party
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formed through farmers’ alliances in the Midwest and South with poor laborers.
wanted reforms that supported farmers and the poor, including “free silver” (the unlimited coinage of silver), which would ease debt payments. In 1896, the Democrats appropriated parts of the Populist platform and nominated William Jennings Bryan for president. Bryan lost the election despite the joint backing of the Democrats and Populists. |
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Popular Sovereignty
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First espoused by Democratic presidential candidate Lewis Cass in 1848 and eventually championed by Stephen A. Douglas. The principle of popular sovereignty stated that Congress should not interfere with the issue of slavery in new territories. Instead each territory, when seeking admission into the Union, would draw up a constitution declaring slavery legal or illegal as it saw fit. Popular sovereignty became the core of the Democratic position on slavery’s expansion during the 1850s.
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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The 1896 Supreme Court decision ruled that segregation was not illegal as long as facilities for each race were equal. This “separate but equal” doctrine served to justify segregation throughout the early and mid-1900s. In 1954, the Supreme Court overturned the “separate but equal” doctrine in the landmark Brown v. Board of Education case.
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Sherman's March to the Sea
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During the Civil War, Union general William T. Sherman led his forces on a march from Atlanta to Savannah and then to Richmond. Sherman brought the South “to its knees” by ordering large-scale destruction.
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Spanish-American War
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Broke out in 1898 over U.S. concerns for the Cuban independence movement. The U.S. decisively won the war, gaining the territories of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, and securing independence for Cuba. The victory also marked the entrance of the United States as a powerful force onto the world stage.
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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Ended the Mexican War in 1848. The treaty granted the U.S. control of Texas, New Mexico, and California. In return, the U.S. assumed all monetary claims of U.S. citizens against the Mexican government and paid Mexico $15 million.
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13th amendment
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Ratified December 6, 1865. The Thirteenth Amendment prohibited slavery in the United States.
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Wade-Davis Bill
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Wade-Davis Bill set forth stringent requirements for Confederate states’ readmission to the Union.
President Lincoln, who supported a more liberal Reconstruction policy, vetoed the Wade-Davis Bill by leaving it unsigned more than ten days after the adjournment of Congress. |
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Yellow Journalism
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The exaggerated and sensationalized stories about Spanish military atrocities against Cuban rebels that the New York World and New York Journal, among other newspapers, published in the period leading up to the Spanish-American War (1898). Yellow journalism swayed American public opinion in favor of war against Spain.
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Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
two note worthy women involved? |
Founded in 1874. The WCTU worked alongside the Anti-Saloon League to push for prohibition.
Notable activists included Susan B. Anthony and Frances Elizabeth Willard. |
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Booker T. Washington
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An African American leader and the first principal of the Tuskegee Institute (1881). Washington adopted a moderate approach to addressing racism and segregation, urging his fellow African Americans to learn vocational skills and strive for gradual improvements in their social, political, and economic status.
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Johnson's Impeachment
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Impeached by radical republicans for "getting rid of Stanton" in congress. Senate does not convict him because they recognize he is not a criminal.
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Presidential power challenged by congress in post-civil war. How?
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Not happy with presidential reconstruction --They will not seat representatives from the former confederate states. Johnson vetos all bills that have to do with helping slavery.
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14th amendment negates what two former happenings?
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3/5 compromise and dred scot case
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Jonsons's Presidential Reconstruction: 5 steps
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1- pledge allegience to union, 2- ratify 13th amendment,
3- void statement of sucession, 4- repudiate debts 5- reelect senators, governors, representatives, etc |
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Abraham's Lincoln shot: when and who?
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April 14, 1865 - 5 days after the civil war ends. John Wilkes Booth, a confederate actor.
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13th amendment distinguish from emancipation proclamation
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proclamation made the desire to end slavery known, 13th amendment does it
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"campaign of annihilation"
Who, what, example of it? |
Ulysses S Grant realizes to win war he must demoralize the south. Destroys railroads, factories, things they can't replace.
Example is Sherman's March. (From Atlantic to Savannah) |
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Appomattox Court House in Virginia
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Place where Lee Surrenders to Grant on April 9, 1865. War is over.
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How many died in Civil War?
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620,000. More than all deaths in all wars American has been involved in ever.
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States that suceeded? How many?
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11 left.
Virginia, N Carolina, S Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Tennessee |
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The border states leave the union after...
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The first battle, at Fort Sumter in S Carolina
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First Battle of Bull Run -- Legacy?
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It was a confederate victory, and it indicated that it would not be a short war.
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Two assets to south in war
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Cotton and free men
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McClellan
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Union General
Great organizer, but didn't want to fight in battles. |
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Robert E Lee
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Commanding confederate general.
Extremely offensive strategy |
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Purpose of controlling the Mississippi River
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For the Union it would divide the south in two: divide and conquer
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Battle of Antietam.
how many died? injured? whose aggression? |
bloodiest day in all the war.
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Ulysses S Grant --
Can always __ __ __ __? Main objective? __ __ __ __ . |
can always see the big picture.
control the mississippi river. |
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Pyrrhic
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A win in war but the cost of winning is too high to make it worth it
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Battle of Shiloh
Legacy? |
Pyrrhic Win.
More men fall than fell in all previous American wars. |
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Draft required because? North or South? or Both?
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There is growing opposition to the war. Draft to get soliders. $300 buyout, so poor rebel...
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Why doesn't Jefferson Davis have meaningful executive power?
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Because country is not unified, it's a states rights gov't.
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Pickets Charge
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Charge in Gettysburg from south, had to run through field, mostly shot down.
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George G. Meade
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Union general
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Two battles that changed the tide of the war in Unions favor
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Gettysburg and Vicksburg
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Vicksburg --
what does it accomplish? Who leads the union? Then what? |
Gets control of Mississippi
Led by Grant, then made leader of entire union army by Lincoln. |
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Oregon territory -- who occupies? How is it split?
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Jointly by British and Americans. British agree to split peacefully by a straight line -- treaty line.
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Gadeson Purchase
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Chunk of land purchased at the bottom of Arizona and New Mexico. Costs 10 Million.
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Why move west? California, specifically...
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Mining gold and farming opportunity
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William Proviso =
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Popular soverignty
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Stephen Austin leads who?
And ___ responds by? |
Leads 250 peole to Texas, and more Americans follow illegally.
Mexico outlaws slavery, and Americans just call them lifetime indentured servants. |
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Sam Houston
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Leader of the Texas Revolution for Americans
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Santa Anna
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Leader of Mexican peoples
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Battle of Jacinto
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Americans capture the Santa Anna Troops and they demand to be granted independence. Texas then says they're independent in 1836, but Mexico doesn't recognize it.
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Why does Jackson say no to Texas wanting to become a state?
How long is Texas independent? |
Doesn't want to deal with the slave question.
They're indie for 11 years. |
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President Polk is a big fan of ___ ____? He puts troops against the ___ ___ , and ____ puts troops on the other side .
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manifest destiny
rio grande, mexico |
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Who annexes Texas, in spite of Polk, at the end of his presidency?
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Tyler
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Mexican cession
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included giving after the mexican-american war all of present-day California, Nevada and Utah as well as most of Arizona, New Mexico and Colorado
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Mexican War provoked by ____? Why?
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Polk. manifest destiny.
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The new fugitive slave act made the question a slavery into a _____ question.
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Moral
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Commissioners are paid __ __ __ , ($__ rather than $__) to send ___ (___ or not) back to ____.
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twice as much
$10, rather than $5 blacks, freed or not slavery |
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Sojourner Truth
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A freed black women, famous for "And aren't I a women?" at a womens conference addressing white clergy.
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Free soil idea
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Not a moral element to this, as opposed to abolition.
Oppose slavery expansion to west for economic reasons slave labor drives down whit elabor --undermines value of white labor southern slavery is fine though |
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Populists are the ___ ___ and they created farmers alliances and want what?
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people's party
want money system to be both gold and silver based, 16-1 silver to gold. |
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Wovoka started what?
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The ghost dance.
A vision that the world will suffer a natural disaster and the white people would be destroyed. The goes dance would save you. |
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The Ghost Dance is from who, and what does it give indians?
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Wovoka and it gives indians hopes, which scares whites.
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Sitting Bull
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Indian leader,
To prevent him from supporting the Ghost Dance movement he was arrested and shot and killed in the process. Hunkpapa Lakota Sioux holy man |
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Wounded Knee Massacre
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Killing of 200 innocent indians after a gunshot went off. Sioux tribe. Killed in snow.
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Joseph Gliden invented...
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barb wire.
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What was used to pump water in great plains?
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Windmills.
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Philip Sheridan
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He used Grant's strategy of annilhilation. He was a union general in civil war. In the Winter Campaign of 1868–69 he attacked the Cheyenne, Kiowa, and Comanche tribes in their winter quarters, taking their supplies and livestock and killing those who resisted, driving the rest back into their reservations. wanted hunting and slaughter of the vast herds of American Bison to hurt indians
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What was essential to the Indian population that decreased substantially by 1860?
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Bison.
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"Good will" tour of Hayes
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Essentially to say he wouldn't enforce 13th or 14th amendment in ths south. The Great failure of reconstruction.
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The Battle of Vicksburg is the culmination of the ____ to control the _____
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union, mississippi
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why was the compromise of 1877 necessary?
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Democrats refused to count the electoral votes because Hayes won by 1 vote that was decided by republican
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First railroad that goes from east to west completed in ___.
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1869
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Two things that get peole to move to the great plains.
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Marketing and railroad advertisments
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Mississippi Plan
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happened during reconstruction in the south.
To organize and create efforts to stifle republicanism in the south in the 1870s, to intimidate blacks and whites. extreme acts of violence. as democrats win, resconstruction acts are not enforced by state gov'ts |
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There is universal manhood sufferage by....
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1870s, and at first republicans have a voting block in south because of the black vote. republican rule ends through acts of terrorism, i.e. mississippi plan
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harriot beecher stowe
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uncle tom's cabin
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Kansas-Nebraska Act -- who? where? introduces?
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Stephen douglas, senator from illinois
wants to be appealing to south so he can run for president. introduces popular soverignty |
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Sack of Lawrence
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Pro-slave mob invades Lawrence and destroys homes, businesses, etc
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Charles Sumner --
gave a passionate speech about ___ ___ ___ ? He speaks against ____ . Then his nephew, ____ ____, ____ Charles Sumner right in his office. South carolina then ___ him back into ____ |
evils of slavery
brooks preston brooks beats votes, office |
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North called southerners ___
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yuks
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south called northerners ___
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yankees
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north values
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strong government, equality, free labor, education
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south values
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less education, refined, elegant, manners, unequal wealth, identity of race over class, local control of gov't
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three tiers of dred scot case
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1 - blacks aren't citizens
2- missouri compromise is unconstitutional, govt can't say where slavery can exist 3- just because you're taken out of a slave state, doesn't mean you're free. |
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John Brown becomes a symbol for both sides of the slavery debate... for the north he is, and the south he is...
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north he is praised by ministers and abolitionists
south he is just a crazy northerner, like all of them |
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S Carolina seceeds from union in...
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1860, year lincoln wins
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