Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
From tribes in northern Africa. They attacked our ships when we traded in the Mediterranean. We had to pay 1 million dollars a year to the pirates to bribe them to not steal our stuff. We made many acts of war against them, but war was never declared. Happened mainly under Jefferson's presidency.
|
Barbary Pirates
|
|
|
This was the formal name for the Lewis and Clark expedition. America didn't own the Louisiana Territory yet, but Jefferson still sent the two explorers out to examine the new land. Sacagawea helped the men navigate and communicate with the Indians. Some of the most valuable information that they gathered was about Oregon.
|
Corps of Discovery
|
|
|
It resembled the articles of confederation: each state had one vote.This was important because the small countries could now have a say in politics.The senate was supposed to be completely fair among all the states while the house of representatives would be based on population. "The Great Compromise" was a result of mixing this and the Virginia Plan together. T'was written by William Paterson and it was opposed by James Madison.
|
New Jersey Plan
|
|
|
This was an act that said that Americans could populate the land around Ohio and such, and once it was up on its own two feet, it could automatically become a state. The only thing that was prohibited was slavery since it was the "north"west ordinance. Ohio was an example of one of these admitted states
|
Northwest Ordinance
|
|
|
The first national bank was established by Alexander Hamilton as part of his five point plan. When it was due for rechartering, Jackson threw a big uproar over it during his presidency. People feared that the bank had too much power and it did not benefit the majority of Americans. When Jackson was elected for a second term, he saw to it that the bank disappeared, and it never appeared again.
|
Bank of the United States
|
|
|
This was a huge, synthetic canal that connected Albany and Buffalo. It provided a way for northern farmers to ship their products directly across to the North east without having to loop all the way around the bottom of Florida. New York was the major port for this canal, and that's what sparked New York City's massive growth in finance. The Erie Canal was the only canal that actually paid for itself in the long run.
|
Erie Canal
|
|
|
This was the treaty that was signed to supposedly end the war of 1812, but it didn't change anything at all. It was signed between the British (along with Indians) and Americans. Neither side won the war, and no land was exchanged. The only thing that it actually settled was the definite boundary between the U.S. and Canada.
|
Treaty of Ghent
|
|
|
Created by John Humphrey Noyes. These people believed that the only way to achieve salvation was through being completely holy. Noyes said that everyone should give up their property to the community. They also allowed extreme polygamy. A Oneida man was married to every woman in the community.
|
Oneida
|
|
|
This was the first stop made by Santa Anna to retaliate against the Americans. He placed it under siege for 13 days, and then he killed all the people in it. Only 14 people survived the raid. It symbolized the start of the Mexican-American conflict.
|
Alamo
|
|
|
This was the document that congress wrote to set up some form of government during the Revolutionary War. The articles were defective and didn't allow enough power for the Federal government. The articles were weak, and the states took control over the government. The constitution was later written to revise them.
|
Articles of Confederation
|
|
|
This man was a political figure in the 1800's, and his main opposition was Andrew Jackson. Clay ran for president, but he was never elected. Clay was a republican, but after he lost the election of 1832, he created the Whig party which had a strict mission of opposing Jackson.
|
Henry Clay
|
|
|
Washington appointed Wayne as a commander to chase the Indians out of the Northwest Territory. His nickname was "Mad Anthony" because he fought like an animal and was always drunk. He managed to beat the Indians in the Battle of Fallen Timbers. The Indians ceded lots of their land through the treaty of Greenville.
|
Anthony Wayne
|
|
|
This clause was suggested by Hamilton in 1791 to enhance the powers of congress and the federal government. The clause was amended to the constitution, and now congress had the ability to tax for revenue. The Federal government also relieved some of the state debts. This clause was important because it was the first time that the Federal government had sufficient power to do anything.
|
Necessary and Proper Clause
|
|
|
This was the war following the X,Y,Z affair. America sent 20 ships out into the Caribbean to control French privateers. In this undeclared and secret war, America captured at least 500 french ships in the Caribbean.
|
Quasi War
|
|
|
This was that man that was appointed to Defeat Santa Anna after the attack on the Alamo. He put together an army while running away from Santa Anna, and he launched a surprise attack on Santa Anna's army that was extremely effective. In this attack, Houston manages to capture Santa Anna, and Texas is now independent of a mother country.
|
Sam Houston
|
|
|
John Jay was supposed to make a treaty that settled many issues with the British. He ended up compromising a little too much with the British, and the citizens didn't like it very much. The main problem was that the treaty didn't punish the British for the stealing of our ships. It also failed to kick the British out of our territory around Michigan. Though the majority of people didn't like the treaty, it did pass in congress.
|
Jay's Treaty
|
|
|
Lewis and Clark ran across this 16 year old Indian Woman while they were on their journey. She just had a baby, but she aided Lewis and Clark by navigating for them and translating between whites and Indians. Lewis and Clark could now get to the pacific safely with her at their side.
|
Sacagawea
|
|
|
These were the young political men who wanted to fight the Indians and the British really badly. They encouraged Americans stealing Indian lands, and they exercised as much power as they could in congress to go to war with the British and Indians. These folks were important because they became the republican party.
|
War Hawks
|
|
|
After England just got finished beating Napolean, they tried to convince James Monroe to sign a joint doctrine saying that no other country could try to claim our lands. However, Monroe's cabinet said, "Hey, we can just do this ourselves." So John Quincey Adams wrote up the doctrine saying that there would be no further colonization, there would be free trade, and no other country could influence politics. Since the British liked the doctrine so much, they were the ones who enforced it.
|
Monroe Doctrine
|
|
|
This was a system that began during the industrial revolution that involved almost completely women to work in factories. The most famous system in the Lowell system was the Waltham system. The unmarried women lived controlled lives, and they were brought to work every day to go work in a factory.
|
Lowell System
|
|
|
This was a collaboration of protective tariffs to help advance the industry of America. By raising the tariffs on imports, the nation could spend money on roads and canals that were much needed. Henry Clay tried to advance the system, but congress didn't allow it.
|
American System
|
|
|
General Harrison decided to attack Prophetstown where Tenskwatawa was. Harrison marched over, and the two armies got into a battle which the Americans won. The victory influenced the loss of faith in their "prophet", but it just made Tecumseh want to fight us even more.
|
Tippecanoe
|
|
|
Specie is hard money that is made out of valuable material. Since this had real value, there would be no inflation. However, banks couldn't make loans or give credit with specie, so paper money began to appear. Conservatives like Jackson preferred specie.
|
Specie
|
|
|
The federalists were one of the first political parties formed in the United States. A common trend among them was the alliance with Britain instead of France. Alexander Hamilton was the leader of the Federalist party and he had great influence in favor of the Federalist party when John Adams was president. The Federalists wanted America to join the British side in the French Revolution over in Europe.
|
Federalists
|
|
|
This was the first site for the women's rights movement. It was led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lecretia Mott. The women argued that men had a tyranny over women in everyday life. They wrote up the Seneca Falls Declaration, and it was very similar to the argument in the Declaration of Independence.
|
Seneca Falls
|
|
|
There was a crisis about a protective tariff, and South Carolina tried to Nullify the tax because the Federal government overstepped their bounds. Jackson ignored the nullification, so South Carolina just ignored the Federal government for a while. Jackson got mad and invaded, but everything soon became peaceful because Henry Clay relieved the tariff. To make a statement, South Carolina nullified the Force Bill that Jackson used to invade South Carolina.
|
Nullification
|
|
|
This Indian grew up during the hardships of Americans kicking out his family, and he became a warrior for Indian rights. Tecumseh along with his prophet brother, Tenskwatawa, led campaigns among the plains Indians to stop letting the Americans trade all their land. Since the British were still fighting Americans in the war of 1812, Tecumseh and his army joined the British. But that really didn't work out for them, and when Tecumseh died in the battle of Thames, the Indians' hopes and dreams were all over.
|
Tecumseh
|
|
|
Since states were struggling with war debts from the revolution and the federal government were now taxing for revenue even more heavily, Daniel Shay's made a plan to lead a rebellion against the federal government. The rebellion fell apart before the army could even get to them, but the entire ordeal struck fear in the gentry because they realized that they were losing power. However, the way the government handled the situation was a victory because they settled the problem without violence.
|
Shay's Rebellion
|
|
|
this was the idea that the British navy could just take our sailors and ships because they needed sailors for their own war with France. The British claimed that the sailors were rightfully British, so they had the right. Jefferson never really did anything about the impressment. He just handed off the task to James Madison.
|
Impressment
|
|
|
Jefferson created this during his presidency. It stated that America would no longer trade with France of Britain or any other nation for that matter until the France and Britain behaved themselves. This act was devastating to our economy. Farmers didn't have anywhere to ship their products. However, the countries that we were trying to punish didn't really mind the act because they just traded with Latin America now. The Embargo Act wasn't America's brightest moment, but it kept us out of war for a while.
|
Embargo Act
|
|
|
John Marshall was the supreme court justice for the US. This man shaped the judicial interpretation of the constitution. He declared Fletcher v.s. Peck to be unconstitutional for the first time. This was the man that created judicial review.
|
John Marshall
|
|
|
He invented the first written language for any of the Indians. He was part of the Cherokee tribe and he wrote to communicate with the American Politicians. The Cherokees in Georgia even made printing press keys to write their new language.
|
Sequoyah
|
|
|
This was a tariff placed on imported that benefits the industry of the country. However, not all are benefited because the farmers are hurt by these types of tariffs in America. Since there's an extremely high tax on imported goods, consumers will buy products from their own country, and therefore, the country's economy will keep itself up and advance.
|
Protective Tariff
|
|
|
Since America was being to nice to Britain, France was unleashing hell on our ships in the Caribbean. We tried to send three French agents over to France to negotiate with the king, but the king wanted a quarter of a million dollars just to talk to him, and he would want 12 million dollars to regulate peace with Americans. The agents returned and went undercover (which is why they're called XYZ). The mission's failure was what started the Quasi war with France.
|
XYZ affair
|
|
|
The whig party was created with the sole purpose to oppose everything that Andrew Jackson supported. They wanted this because the Whigs liked the Bank of the United States, but Jackson ended it. The Whig party was held by Andrew Jackson's opposition, Henry Clay.
|
Whigs
|
|
|
This was the man who invented the first steamboat. The first long distance steamboat that he built was the Clermont, and its first successful voyage was up the Hudson river from New York city to Albany. For thirty years he had a monopoly on steamboats, so Fulton was the only man in business with steamboats for thirty years. It took almost that long just for steamboats to become efficient, though.
|
Robert Fulton
|
|
|
These acts didn't let anymore French Emigrants come into America during John Adams' term. The Republicans didn't like this act, so they criticized him. In return, Congress also passed the sedition act which says that no one can publish anything that goes against the Federal government or it will be considered a mild treason. Jefferson quickly attacked the acts saying that they were unconstitutional. Both acts were efforts to control the citizens and keep them out of the conflict with France.
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
|
|
This was the idea that women should just stay in the house, out of politics, and raise good little male politicians and businessmen. It was yet another attempt by the white upper class to control a minority. Women would later stand up to this treatment in the women's rights movement.
|
Republican Motherhood
|
|
|
This was the decisive battle in the war for Texas. Harrison led the attack on Santa Anna after distracting him with a brilliant diversion. Harrison killed 800 Mexicans and Captured Santa Anna. That freed Texas from the Mexicans.
|
San Jacinto
|
|
|
This guy was the chief of the Cherokee Indians when us Americans kicked them out of their homeland and moved them to Oklahoma. He did all he could to keep the Cherokees in their homeland, but eventually the American government overran his opinion.
|
John Ross
|
|
|
Hamilton placed a huge tax on anything having to do with whiskey. This means that the tax would affect farmers very much. Farmers rose up against the federal government and planned a rebellion, but it fell apart before the army could get to them. This was important because it was the first time that the Federal government settled an issue in an efficient, nonviolent way.
|
Whiskey Rebellion
|
|
|
This was the route that Andrew Jackson made the Indians take to Oklahoma as part of the Indian removal act of 1830. Many Indians died along the way, especially women and children.
|
Trail of Tears
|
|
|
The Mormon church was created by Joseph Smith (who found that tablet or something, anyway). They Mormons were persecuted for their beliefs pretty much everywhere they tried to go. They move through to Ohio and stuff then to Illinois, but Smith dies there because he had too much sex and people got mad. Anyway, the Mormons ended up moving all the way out to Salt Lake Utah. After other Mormons from around the world saw that it worked out, people from all different countries came over to good old Utah for religious freedom.
|
Mormons
|
|
|
This was the much needed passage through the Americas from the Atlantic to the Pacific and ultimately to Asia. Many searched for this passage, but Lewis and Clark realized that it wouldn't work out when they found the Rocky Mountains.
|
Northwest Passage
|
|
|
This was the idea that all of a woman's political views were held and taken care of by her husband. This was another example of controlling women's activities in politics.
|
Coverture
|
|
|
This man was somewhat a traitor to the Cherokee peoples. He spoke unjustly for the Cherokee in saying that America could have all the Cherokee land. He only said that because he was wealthy and successful on American Territory. He was assassinated for speaking incorrectly for the Cherokees.
|
Major Ridge
|
|
|
This was a fifteen point plan for restructuring the government to fix the Articles of Confederation. It was the beginning of the three branch government. The delegates realized that they'd given too much power to the states, so they gave lots of power of overrule to the federal government. This plan was the foundation of the Constitution. It was written by James Madison.
|
Virginia Plan
|
|
|
This was when Jackson refused to put Federal money in the Bank of the United States. The fall of the bank caused a major depression, but Jackson didn't care as long as the bank was gone. This ignorance of depression is what mainly caused the Whig party to form.
|
Panic of 1837
|
|
|
This is paper money used as a medium of exchange. The only problem with this system was inflation. The Federal government was the only organization that's allowed to print the fiat money, but the economy still somehow inflated with all the corrupt credit and loans going on. This caused problems when people wanted to be paid back in hard money because all farmers and normal people had was paper money.
|
Fiat Money
|
