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142 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What was the putting out system?
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ex: clothing
You take each step and pay someone to do in their own house. (cotton to spin, thread to weave, cloth to cut, ect..) |
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What were the changes that occurred during the Industrial Revolution?
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Wind, Water, Human, and Animal powered machines were replaced by Steam, Gas, Electric, and Nuclear powered machines
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What is History?
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The memory of things said and done
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What is Urbanization?
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The growth of cities
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Who invented the first steam powered machine, what was it, and what was it used for?
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James Watt
The water pump Mostly for mining |
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What were some changes in living conditions?
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Sanitation
Spread of Disease Fire Apartments Price of land |
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What did the factory system replace?
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The putting out system
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What was taking place during progressivism?
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The Industrial Revolution
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What is a factory?
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A building that contains both machines and workers
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What were the 8 changes in working conditions?
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Couldn't set own hours
They had to work in a factory Hours: 16 hrs/day, 6 days/week, 96 hrs/week Temperatures: average- 90 degrees + No minimum wage No vacation (until 1920's) No unemployment compensation No safety regulations |
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What did the factory system help?
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Production and the textile industry, ect...
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The term "industrial revolution" was created by whom, what was his book called, and what year was the term created?
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Arnold Toynbee
The Industrial Revolution 1870 |
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What was a muckraker?
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A journalist
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Who was the main muckraker?
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Lincoln Steffens
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What were some changes in transportation?
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The Steam Locomotive
The Steam Boat |
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Why were the changes in transportation so great?
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You could haul more
It was quicker It was cheaper |
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Who invented the steam boat and what was it called?
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Robert Fulton
The Clermont |
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What is progressivism?
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A belief that:
1) recognized that there are problems in America in the early 1900's 2) things could get better 3) action is necessary to make things better |
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Who invented the steam locomotive?
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Richard Trevithick
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What magazine did Lincoln Steffens write for?
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McClure's
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Who wre mainly the Social Gospel Reformers?
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Christians
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What were Settlement House's made for?
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To help immirgrants adjust to American Society
A school for adults to teach language and customs |
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What was Lincoln Steffens book called?
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The Shame of the Cities
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What were the reasons people thought it was wrong for women to vote?
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sphere's of influence- women=the home, men=outside the home
women are "innocent" to politics |
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Who started the Salvation Army, when and where was it started?
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William Booth
1870's London |
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What did Lincoln Steffens do and what did he say?
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Went from city to city studying politics.
He said that politics as a whole is corrupt. |
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Who was in charge of the NAWSA?
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Anna Shaw
Carrie Catt |
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Who was in charge of the Hull House?
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Jane Addams
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What were the reasons people thought is was right for women to vote?
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Equality
Women could "clean up" politics |
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Who was the author of the most popular book in the late 1800's early 1900's(besides the bible) and what was the book called?
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Charles Sheldon
What Would Jesus Do? In His Steps |
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What did Sheldon's book inspire people to do?
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Think of something other than themselves
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What amendment gave women the right to vote and what year was it passed?
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19th Amendment
1920 |
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What was the organization to help women get the right to vote?
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The National Woman Sufferage Association
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What was the Women's Sufferage Movement suppose to do?
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Give women the right to vote
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Who created the thoery of communism?
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Karl Marx
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What is capitolism?
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The system of using money to make money
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What books did Karl Marx write?
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The Communist Manifesto
Das Kapital |
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Marx put everyone into two different groups. What were they and what did they represent?
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1) Proletariat - working class
2) Borgeoisie - owners |
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Marx argued that all history is what?
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A series of struggles between the proletariat and the borgeoisie.
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What did Marx say about the capitalism workers?
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They would be over worked and under paid.
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Marx said that capitalism is wrong for two reasons. What are they?
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1) People that work the most get paid the least.
2) People that work the least get paid the most. |
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What did Marx say would happen as time goes on?
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There will be more and more Proletariat, and less and less Borgeoisie.
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Why did he say that?
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1) Bigger businesses will drive out smaller businesses out of business
2) Bigger businesses will buy out smaller businesses |
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What did Marx say would eventually happen to the proetariat?
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There will be a growing sense of frusteration among them.
Eventually there will be a revolution. |
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What will people try to gain control over according to Marx?
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1) businesses
2) government |
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Communism is a society without three things. What are they?
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1) Individual ownership of property
2) Class distinctions 3) Government |
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What were Socialists?
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People who want business to be owned or controled by the government.
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What did socialists believe they needed to do?
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1) Pass laws
2) Have a revolution |
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What did th etemperance movement try to do?
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Ban alcohol
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What did they believe it would do?
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It would be a panacea for America
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What is a panacea?
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A cure-all.
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What amendment banned alcohol?
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The 18th Amendment in 1918
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What did people think the could get rid of by banning alcohol?
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Abuse
Crime Homeless People |
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What was the problem with the temperance movement?
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People didn't stop drinking (the first mofia was formed).
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What ammendment repealed the 18th?
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The 21st Ammendment in 1933
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What was the period called when the Temperance movement was in action?
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Prohibition - 1918-1933
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What did the political reformers do?
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1) Secret Ballot
2) Recall Elections 3) Primary Elections |
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Who were the candidates for the 1912 election and what were their ranks at the time?
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William Taft - current president
Teddy Roosevelt - former president Woodrow Wilson - Governor of New Jersey |
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What party did Roosevelt form after Taft came out on top of the primarys?
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The Progressive (Bull Moose) Party
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Why did Wilson win?
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The republicans split their vote
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What wasn't there until Wilson took office?
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Income Tax
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What was the law called that Wilson wanted passed and what was it supposed to do?
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Underwood Simmons Tariff
Lower taxes on imported goods |
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What is a tariff?
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Tax on imported goods
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Why did Wilson want to lower the income tax?
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1) So that competition would rise in the USA, and quality would go up as well
2) To help the working class |
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What was the problem with the UST?
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Government wasn't making as much money
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What did wilson use to make more money for the government?
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Income Tax
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What Ammendment allowed Income Tax?
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The 16th Ammendment in 1913
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When did World War 1 break out?
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In 1914
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What happened on June 28, 1914?
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Archduke Francis Ferdinand was assasinated.
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Who was Francis Ferdinand?
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The heir of the throne to Austria-Hungary
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Who was the emperor of Austria-Hungary in 1914?
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Francis Ferdinand's uncle, Francis Joseph
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Who wanted control of Bosnia?
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Serbia
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How did Austria-Hungary respond to the assasnation?
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1) They consulted Germany about starting a war with Serbia
2) 1 month after, they declared war on Serbia |
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How did Germany respond to Austria-Hungary?
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They told them they would help in any way they could. They gave them a "blank check".
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What did Serbia do after they found out about Austria-Hungary and Germany?
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They turned to Russia and asked them for help.
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What did Russia say and do?
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1) They said yes
2) They started mobilizing troops. |
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After Germany told Russia to "stay out of it", what did Russia do?
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Turned to their ally, France.
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What did France say and do?
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1) Said yes
2) Started mobilizing |
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When did Germany declare war on Russia? France?
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Russia - August 1, 1914
France - August 3, 1914 |
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What did Germany do to Belgium?
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1) Asked them if they could move their troops through to France.
*when Belgium said no* 2) Attacked and defeated Belgium in a matter of a few hours. |
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Why did Great Britian join the war?
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Germany didn't listen to them about staying out of Belgium.
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What was the plan called to overtake France and what was it?
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1) The Schieffen Plan
2) Knock France out of the war immediately 3) Take on Russia |
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What did the USA do right away and what did it mean?
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1) President Wilson declared the US Neutrality Policy
2) Isolationism |
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Who said (or at least was going to say) that America should persue isolationism and when was he supposed to say it?
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George Washington in his Farewell Address
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Why was is going to be difficult for the US to stay out of the war?
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1) People chose sides
2) Respect for Great Britain 3) Economic ties that we had with the Allies 4) Germany used submarine warfare |
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What boat did Germany sink and what kind of boat was it?
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The Lusitania
A passenger ship |
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What were the three groups of people and what did they each say?
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1) Pacifists - to stay out
2) Interventionists - US to go to war 3) People who believed in preparedness - prapare for war, but for now stay out |
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Who were the candidates of the election of 1916?
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Republican - Charles Even Hughes (interventionalists)
Democrat - Woodrow Wilson (preparednessist) |
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What was Wilson's slogan?
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"He kept us out of war!"
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How long was Wilson in office before he asked to declare war?
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1 month
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When did Wilson ask to declare war?
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April 1917
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What things lead up to the declaration of the war?
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1) Zimmerman Telegram was intercepted
2) Unrestricted Submarine Warfare 3)Economic ties with the Allies |
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What was the Zimmerman Telegram?
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A telegram from Germany to México that told them to attack the US if we join the war.
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What was the telegram called that got intercepted?
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The Zimmerman Telegram
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What did Germany say about submarine warfare?
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"Any ship that is going to any ally country (Great Britain) will be sunk."
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In 1917, Europe was divided by two trenches. Where were they?
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Western Europe
Eastern Europe |
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What did the economic ties have to do with anything?
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The US sold millions of $$ worth of supplies to the allies, and if they lost, they would loose millions of dollars.
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When did congress declare war on Germany and Austria-Hungary?
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April 6, 1917
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How did the government convince the US citizens that it was good to go to war?
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1) Idealistic Goals
2) Set up Social Groups 3) Passed Laws 4) Propoganda (advertizement) |
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What were the idealistic goals used to convince the people about the war?
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a) It was the war to end all wars
b) It would make the world safe for democracy c) There would be peace without victory (spoils) |
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What were the Social Groups?
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a) Boy spies of America
b) Girl spies of America (boy and girls ages 10-16) |
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What were the laws passed?
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a) Sedition Act
b) Espionage Act |
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What was the Sedition act?
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Made it illegal to critize the government
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What was the Espionage Act?
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Made it illegal to MAIL any seditious material.
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How did the government find out about people mailing anything seditious?
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People were "hired" to go through the mail.
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Who did the government tell specifically to go through the mail?
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Postmaster General Albert Sydney
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Who was the leader of the commitee of Public Information?
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George Creel
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What was the cost of the war for the US?
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$32 billion
32 times the entire Federal Budget |
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How did the government pay for the war?
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1) They raised taxes.
2) They took loans out from the people. |
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What were the loans called that the government used to pay for the war?
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War bonds
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Who was the leader that set up the War Industries Board?
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Bernard Baruch
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What was the organization called that made sure the soldiers had enough supplies?
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The War Industries Board
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Who did the WIB get to run the factories that would supply the supplies?
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Factory owners would volunteer
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What things were the factory owners told to do when they would volunteer?
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-what goods to make
-how many to make -the price at which to sell it |
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Why would factory owners volunteer? What was their motive?
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The would get paid sometimes up to 25% more
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What was the great migration?
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Tens of thousands of blacks moving from the South to the North
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Why were blacks moving from the South to the North?
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Push/Pull effect
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Why were the blacks feeling pushed from the South?
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-lack of jobs
-racism |
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Why were the blacks feeling pulled to the North?
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-good jobs
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Why were women a factor in the war economy?
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-They entered the work force because most of the men were off to war.
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What was the Selective Service Act?
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The draft
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What was the boom time of the war?
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A good economy
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Germany was fighting a what?
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2 front war
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Where were the two fronts?
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Western Europe - Stalemate outside of Paris
Eastern Europe - Russia vs. Germany |
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What was going on with Russia in 1917?
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Revolutions
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What happened in November os 1917?
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The Bolshevik Revolution
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Who were the Bolsheviks?
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communists
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Who was the Bolshevik leader?
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Vladimir Lenin
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What were the Bolsheviks 3 basic goals?
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-land
-bread -peace |
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When did Russia pull out of the war?
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early 1918
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What was the treaty with Germany called with Russia when they pulled out of the war?
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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
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What was the "great race"?
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-Germany can now send all of it's troops to Eastern Europe
-The US is going to send it's troops to Eastern Europe -It was a matter of who will get there first |
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Who was the leader of Germany when the Archduke was assasinated?
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Kaiser Wilhelm II
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What was Germany's last offensive called?
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The Second Battle of the Marne
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When did the last battle take place?
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Summer 1918
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The allies were lead by a French Leader. What was his name?
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General Ferdinand Foch
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When was WWI ended?
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November 11, 1918 at 11:00 am
(Veterans Day) |
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Who were the Big Three?
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1) USA - Woodrow Wilson
2) Great Britain - Prime Minister David Lloyd George 3) France - Prime Minister George Clemeneau |
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What was Wilson's Peace Settlement?
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14 points-
a) self-determination (each group of people should govern itself) b) League of Nations c) No secret treaties |
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What did David Lloyd George want?
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Reparations
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What did George Clemenceau want?
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a) reparations
b) eliminate Germany's military c) create bufferzone |
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What was the bufferzone and what was it's name going to be?
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-A seperate country
-Rhineland |