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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mercantilism
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economic system based on the sale and purchase of raw materials
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balance of trade
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export more than import
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salutary neglect
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Europe neglected the colonies for their own benefit
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american revolution
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8 year war between the British govt and the 13 colonies of North America
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french and indian war
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british waged war on french and their indian allies over control of new england colonies
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treaty of paris
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forced french to relinquish canada to British
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sugar act
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increased tax on molasses, intended to raise money for british to pay back debts from the french and indian war, ended salutary neglect
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stamp act
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required stamps on all legal documents and printed materials to show that required fee was paid
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boycott
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refusal by the people to buy goods or services
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no taxation without representation
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americans arged with british parliament saying it couldn't tax them without allowing the US to have representation in parliament
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Thomas Paine
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wrote "common sense" which argued that having a king in power is pointless, also wrote "the crisis" which described british attacks that forced american retreat to PA
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thomas jefferson
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wrote decleration of independence ad created idea of popular sovereignty
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townshend act
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taxes by british on imports into US
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intolerable act
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punishment for americans after boston tea party, boston harbor closed until tea was paid for
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lexington and concord
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first battles of the american revolution
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tories
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loyalists
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battle of bunker (breeds) hill
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british surprise attack on americans but red coats made the brittish impossible to hideso they were easily conquered but after 2 more attacks, americans ran out of ammo and were forced to retreat by the british who had lost 50% of its troops
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battle for bunker (breeds) hill [date]
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1775
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stamp act [date]
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1765
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stamp act [date]
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1766-67
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townshend act [date]
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1766-67
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boston massacre [date]
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1770
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tea act, boston tea party [date]
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1773
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intolerable acts [date]
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1774
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lexington and concord [date]
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1775
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decleration of independence [date]
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1776
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battle of saratoga [date]
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1777
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battle of yorktown [date]
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1781
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treaty of paris [date]
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1783
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battle of trenton
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british had taken phiiladelphia which caused many US soldiers to abandon washington, washington took last few men and surprise attacked and defeated british in trenton NJ which boosted patriot moral and caused soldiers to return
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battle of saratoga
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after battle of trenton, washingtons men defeated british army traveling from NY to Canada, turning point in war because it showed US determination and led to an alliance with the french that provided training and supplies for the american soldiers
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treaty of paris
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agreement that relinquished king george's sovereignty after a deadly battle on his general cornwallis by washingtons troop of twice the size in virgina
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why the constitution SHOULD be approved
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increased national power would help to solve nation's problems
system of checks and balances would help balance president's power bill of rights would protect rights of the citizens country too big to be dominated by any one faction |
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why the constitution SHOULD NOT be approved
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too much power for national govt
president would become just another king individual liberties would be threatened by a powerful central govt federalist govt would come under control of one powerful faction |
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George Washington
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president - 1789-1797
created two term limit warned future presidents about foreign entanglements warned against factionalism and political parties demanded respect and lived extravagant lifestyle |
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John Adams
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vice president under washington
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federalists
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led by hamilton
favored strong central govt supported new taxes and tariffs supported more powerful army/navy pro british pro business |
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jeffersonian republicans
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led by jefferson
favored weak central govt opposed new taxes and tariffs against large army/navy pro french pro agriculture |
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thomas jefferson
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secretary of state (in charge of foreign relations)
principle author of declaration of independence american ambasador to france passionate about human rights but owned slaves! because he need their labor |
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alexander hamilton
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treasury secretary
relatively young, brilliant, well educated supposed to help solve the countrys debt believed govt power could accomplish many great things proposed that central govt take on the states debts as well as federal because he thought that if it was the whole US's responsibility ppl might become concerned with the US as a whole excises and tariffs were created as ways to raise money which was used to pay off creditors in small percentages so that theyd be forced to care until they were completely paid establish the bank of US to handle the payment to creditors |
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excises
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taxes implemented on products manufactured within the country
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tariffs
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taxes on foreign goods imported into the country
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what were arguments against hamilton's financial plan?
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system would allow for aristocracy and monarchy which is just like what they left in england
there shouldnt be national interference in local affairs taxes to expensive |
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whiskey rebellion
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farmers refused to pay whiskey tax, closed courts, and harassed tax collecters, so washington and hamilton sent 12,000 troops that quickly ended the rebellion
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alien and sedition acts [date]
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1798
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alien act
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president could imprison/deport non US citizens
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sedition act
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anyone who criticized the US government in writing could be fined/imprisoned
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election of 1800
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jefferson elected as 3rd president which showed for the first time that americans could put aside their differences and make a decision even switching political parties
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VA & KY resolution
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states could ignore federal laws if deemed unconstitutional, adam's alien and sedition acts for example were deemed unconst. by VA&KY
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marbury vs madison [date]
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1803
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mcculloch vs maryland [date]
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1819
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war of 1812
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british navy was interfering with US shipping and supporting native american resistance so US tried to invade canada but was outnumbered so british burned DC so ships sent to defeat british in battle of lake erie
william harrison's troops beat british and NAs and jackson won battle of horseshoe bend against NAs treaty of ghent made to end war but battle of new orleans still happened in which outnumbered US beat british and gained lots of pride NA resistence ended |
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missouri compromise
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issue: whether missouri should be a free or slave state because either way senate would no longer be equal
resolution: missouri WOULD allow slavery but Maine would be free in order to balance senate line established at 36'30' north of which would be free, south slave |
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what was the cotton gin a major cause of
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increased slave trade due to need to process faster to keep up
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sectionalism
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a feeling of loyalty to a certain section
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section
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a large area in which people think and work alike
a region distinguished from others by economic/cultural differences |
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abolition
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antislavery movement
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william lloyd garrison
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created African American newspaper called "the liberator" that called for action against slavery
founded the american antislavery society which gained hundreds of thousands of memebers, even whites |
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frederick douglass
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made many antislavery speeches
created the AA newspaper "the north star" that helped to guide many escaped slaves to safety |
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harriett tubman
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AKA black moses
led many passengers to safety including herself and never lost a single one |
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secularize
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to put under state control rather than church control
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wilmot proviso
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stated slavery not allowed in any territory aquired from mexico
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compromise of 1850
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new territories from mexico made balance of slavery in senate unfair for the north which said missouri compromise no longer good,
south said north had no right to dictate california became free and NM & UT left to decide for themsleves slave trading made illegal in DC fugitive slave act |
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fugitive slave act
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all citizens required to help catch escaped slaves, no jury trial for escapees
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kansas nebraska act
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slavery decided by popular sovereignty
created by stephen douglass |
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stephen douglas
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candidate for presidency so made kansas nebraska act to appeal to south but called traitor by the north
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john brown
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led a raid against a federal arsenal in kansas to get weapons for slaves to help them escape, troops surrounded and killed half of them, brown convicted of treason and executed
led to a very bloody summer now known as bleeding kansas |
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dred scott vs sandford
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scott was a missouri slave who felt he should be considered free since he had entered a free state with his wife so he sued his master (sanford)
supreme court denied him and said slaves had no right to sue anyone |
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sessionist
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those who wanted the south to secede, said south had voluntarily joined so they could voluntarily leave
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jefferson davis
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president of the confederacy
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the proclamation of 1763
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no colonists could settle in the ohio region
created in the hopes that it would ease tensions between the pioneers and indians |
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sons of liberty
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staged the boston tea party
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what was wrong with the articles of confederation
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congress had no real power to enforce powers
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federalists
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people who thought the constitution would save the country because it created a strong national govt, followers of hamilton
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marbury vs madison
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marbury named justice of the peace at last minute and adams had signed the papers but his secretary john marshall didnt deliver them which angered the new president because it decreased federalis power in govt so he told madison not to deliver marburys commission papers
marbury took it to court demanding a writ of mandamus commanding that the papers be delivered marshall decided an appointment is effective as soon as the papers have been signed so marbury was legally appointed, then he said that madisons refusal to deliver the commission papers was illegal and marbury was entitled to relief court case established judicial review |
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broad interpretation
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can do it unless constitution forbids it directly
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strict interpretation
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can do only whats directly stated in constitution
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limited govt
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govt limited by constitution
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popular sovereignty
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decision by the people
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john marshall
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judge in marbury vs madison case
established judicial review |
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judicial review
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right of the supreme court to name a law constitutional or not
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james madison
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secretary of state,
part of marbury vs madison case, said marbury not officially appointed because paper not delivered, so refused to have commission papers delivered |
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samuel adams
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cousin of john adams, inspired americans to fight against the british
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louisiana purchase [date]
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1803
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british cession [date]
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1818
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annexation of texas [date]
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1845
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oregon country [date]
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1846
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mexican cession [date]
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1848
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gadsden purchase [date]
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1853
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