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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
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tribute |
Goods given to rulers by subjects as a form of payment/taxes |
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matriarchy |
Power inherited through female lines of authority (e.g. Iroquois Confederacy) |
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animism |
Belief of spirits infused in the natural world (primary religion of Native Americans and also represented in African+European cultures) |
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patriarchy
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Property and social identity descended in male lines of family (common European practice)
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primogeniture
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Fathers bestowed all land and property upon eldest son (common European practice that created poor peasants that would become immigrants)
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peasants
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Farmers living in villages surrounded by fields that were cooperatively farmed- families were very poor and centered their lives around a seasonal schedule for farming (much like Native Americans)
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Republics
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City-states governed by merchant coalitions ruled by moneyed elites (e.g. Italian city-states during the Renaissance)
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Civic Humanism
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Ideology praising virtue and service to the state
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Guilds
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Artisan organizations regulating trade
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Renaissance
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Arts and learning associated with 1300-1450 (influenced European, Asian, and African cultures during economic revolution)
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Christianity |
Religion that grew from Jewish monotheism that believes Jesus Christ is divine |
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Islam |
Religion considering Muhammad to be God's last prophet |
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Crusades |
Series of Christian Wars from A.D. 1096-1291 to reverse the spread of Islam and take back the Holy Lands where Christ had lived |
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predestination |
Idea that God chooses souls for damnation or salvation before birth (John Calvin preached this in "Institutes of Christian Religion" (1536), which prompted the Protestant Reformation) |
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heresies |
Doctrines inconsistent with the teachings of the Church |
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Protestant Reformation |
Radical reformers (Luther&Calvin) started a war between Northern Principalities and the traditional Roman Catholic Church |
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Counter Reformation |
Catholic Church sought change from within (due to the Protestant Reformation) creating new monastic and missionary orders (e.g. Jesuits) |
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Trans-Saharan Trade |
Primary Avenue for West African trade before being connected to the Atlantic by European traders |
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Reconquista |
spanish-Catholic campaign to expel Muslims from Europe and persecute any and all non-Catholic Christians, Muslims, and Jews |
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Hiawatha |
Mohawk man who (according to legend) lost his family in a war and afterward met a spirit that taught him condolence - Hiawatha preached this sacrament that became the foundation of the Iroquois Confederacy |
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Martin Luther |
German monk/professor who helped start Protestant reformation with "Ninety Five Clauses" that critiqued the Catholic Church |
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Mansa Musa |
10th emperor of Mali and a devout Muslim- on a pilgrimage to Mecca in 1326 he spent so much of Mali's gold their supply was devalued for more than a decade |
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Vasco de Gama |
Discovered East Africa (1497) and India (1498)- de Gama returned to India in 1502 with 21 fighting vessels and proceeded to win over the Arabs and establish Portuguese trading posts along the Indian coast |
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Christopher Columbus |
Discovered modern-day Bahamas (left Spain August, 1492) and colonized the "West Indies" |
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Hernán Cortés |
Brought 600 soilders to the Aztec Empire from Spain and laid Tenochtitlan under seige with native allies; after disease killed off most of the Aztecs, Cortés extended Spanish rule over the Aztec Empire and Mayan city-states |
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Moctezuma |
Emperor of the Aztec Empire during the Spanish Invasion- taken captive by Hernán Cortés |
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Pedro Alvarez Cabral |
Discovered Brazil on the way to India (Brazil became world's leading producer of sugar) |
