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142 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hank Aaron
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- Black baseball player
- Record 755 HRs – held 1954 to 1976 |
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Jane Addams
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- 1800s/1900s
- Settlement House founder - 1931 – Nobel Peace Prize |
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Spiro Agnew
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- VP – Nixon
- 1968 - 1972 - 1973 – Nolo Contendere – Tax evasion |
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Madeleine Albright
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- 1st woman Secretary of State
- Daughter of Czech diplomat - Fled to England – returned to Czech – fled to US - US Amb. to UN |
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Muhammad Ali
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- 1964 - 1979: World Champ
- Black Muslim - Originally Cassius Clay - Now a goodwill ambassador |
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Susan B. Anthony
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- Suffragist
- Abolitionist |
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Apaches
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- SW
- Geronimo |
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Apollo 11
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- 1969
- 1st to moon - Niel Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, Michael Collins |
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Arthur Ashe
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- Black
- Tennis |
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Bakke Decision
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- Affirmative Action
- Supreme Court - 1978 - Illegally denied admission |
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Clara Barton
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- Red Cross – founder
- 1880s |
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Bay of Pigs
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- Cuba
- JFK - Failed Invasion by 1,400 Cubans |
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Mary McLeod Bethune
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- African-American
- Educator - National Council of Negro Women |
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Big Stick Diplomacy
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- T. Roosevelt
- threat with force |
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Big Ten
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- Midwestern universities
- Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Michigan State, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Ohio, Indiana, Penn State, Purdue |
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Billy the Kid
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- 1800s
- Outlaw – killed over 20 people - Killed at 21 - New Mexico |
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Hugo Black
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- SC judge
- 1937 to 1971 - Big advocate for Civil Liberties of individual against Intrusion by the state |
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Black Muslims
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- Black Power movement
- 1960s - Malcolm X - Stokely Carmichael |
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Black Panthers
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- Black Power
- Huey Newton – leader - “political power comes from the barrel of a gun.” (quoting Mao) |
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Bonnie & Clyde
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- 1930s
- Midwest - 2-year spree of murder and bank robbery |
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Lizzie Borden
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- Ax murderer
- 1890s - Not guilty |
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Omar Bradley
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- General
- 1900s - Liberation of France - Invasion of Germany (WWII) |
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Brain Trust
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- Intellectuals
- Advisors (esp. to gov't) - FDR (often associated to) |
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Louis D. Brandeis
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- SC judge
- 1916 - 1939 - Believed that economic and social facts had to take precedence over legal theory |
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Brown v. Board of Education
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- Desegregation
- SC - 1954 - "Separate but Equal" is not equal |
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William Jennings Bryan
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- 1800s/1900s
- Pres. candidate for the "ordinary American" - Lost 3 times - Secretary of State (under Wilson) - "Cross of Gold" (in favor of unlimited coinage of silver against Gold Standard) - Opposed to Theory of Evolution - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan |
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Buffalo Bill
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- William F. Cody
- Frontier Settler - 1800s |
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Ralph Bunche
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- Black diplomat
- UN - Nobel Peace Prize (1950) - Israeli-Arab armistice (1950) |
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George H.W. Bush
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- 1988
- Persian Gulf War, successful |
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George W. Bush
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- Gov. of TX in 1994
- Persian Gulf also, Afghanistan, Iraq |
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"The business of America is business"
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- Pres. Calvin Coolidge
- 1920s - Overconfidence in the US ecnomy that partially lead to the Great Depression |
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Richard E. Byrd
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- 1st to fly over N. & S. Pole
- 1900s |
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Al Capone
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- Organized crime
- Chicago - 1920 |
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Carpetbaggers
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- Northerners went South
- Reconstruction Era - Some took gov't posts since 14th Am. prevented former Confederates - Carpetbagger meant they would not stay long |
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Jimmy (James Earl) Carter
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- Pres (#39)
- 1977 - 1981 - Peanut farmer - Beat Ford - Israel-Egypt treaty (1979) - Iran US Embassy hostage crisis lowered his popularity (1979 - 1 year) - 1980 - lost to Reagan |
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George Washington Carver
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- Black scientist
- Agri. innovator - 1800/1900s |
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Chappaquiddick Incident
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- Ted Kennedy
- 1969 - His staff member drowned in car - Didn't report until later |
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Chief Joseph
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- Oregon
- Nez Perce Indian tribe - Tried to reach Canada rather than submit to living on reservation - "Hear me my chiefs, I am tired: my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more." |
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Child Labor Laws
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- 1830s
- Laws forbid child or young teens from working - David Copperfield, Oliver Twist (was somewhat against) - 1919 SC said CL laws Unconstitutional - 1930 Fair Labor Standards Act forbid CL and SC upheld |
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Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
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- Gold Rushers said Chinese driving down wages
- Suspended immigration - Made Chinese ineligible for Naturalization - 1892 & 1902 renewed - 1943 became eligible for citizenship again |
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William Jennings Bryan
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- 1800s/1900s
- Candidate for the ordinary America - Lost 3 times - "Cross of Gold" Speech for the unlimited coinage of silver vs. the Gold Standard - Against teaching of evolution |
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Buffalo Bill
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- Late 1800s
- William F. Cody - Frontier settler - Involved in military action against Indians - Created "Wild West Show" |
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Ralph Bunche (pr. Bunch)
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- Black diplomat & un OFFICIAL
- Won Nobel Prize for Arab & Israli armistice 1950 |
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George H.W. Bush
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- 41st President (1988-1992)
- Successful in Persian Gulf War - Former CIA director |
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George W. Bush
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- 43rd President (2001 - 2011)
- Responsible for push in Iraq & Afganistan - No Child Left Behind |
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"The business of America is business"
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- Calvin Coolidge
- 1920s - Commonly associated with the overconfidence in American economy that lead to Great Depression |
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Richard E. Byrd
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- 1900s
- Explorer - First flight over North & South Pole |
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Al Capone
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- 1920s
- Chicago crime boss - Sent to prison for income tax evasion |
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Carpetbaggers
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- Related to 14th amendment
- Northerners who went south to be a part of the Reconstruction (after Civil War) since 14th Amendment disallowed southerns to hold office |
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James Earl Carter (Jimmy Carter)
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- 39th President (1977 - 1981)
- Was a peanut farmer - Defeated Gerald Ford - 1979 - got heads of Israel & Egypt to sign peace treaty - Put embargo on grain imports from USSR after they invaded Afganistan, and kept US out of 1980 Olympics - Lost popularity when US embassy in Iran was held hostage - Lost in 1980 to Reagan |
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George Washington Carver
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- Late 1800s
- Black agricultural scientist |
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Chappaquiddick incident
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- Related to Ted Kennedy, 1969
- Staffer of his drowned after a car he was driving went off the road - Affected his nomination by the D party |
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Chief Joseph
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- Oregon Indian
- In 1870s tried to go to Canada rather than submit to living on reservations - "Hear me my chiefs, I am tired- My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more." |
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Child labor laws
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- Begining in 1830s
- But, in early 1900s, the SC found the laws Unconstitutonal - But, in 1930s the Fair Labor Standards Act was upheld by the SC - Related to: David Copperfield & Oliver Twist |
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Chinese Exclusion Act
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- 1882
- Law passed when workers in West complained of Chinese immigrants driving down wages & threatening "white purity" - Chinese were made ineligible for Naturalization - renewed in 1892 and 1902, until 1943 |
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Civil Rights Act
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- 1964
- Against Segregation - Lyndon Johnson |
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Civil Rights Movement
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- 1950s & 1960s
- Movement to eliminate segregation - Boycott of buses in Alabama - Rosa Parks - MLK - "I have a dream", 1963 - Voting Right Act - 1965 - Fair Housing Act - 1968 |
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Grover Cleveland
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- President from 1885 - 1889 & 1893 - 1897 (only nonconsecutive)
- Dem - Fought against corruption & national financial problems |
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Hillary Rodham Clinton
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- Bill appointed her Head of national task force on hearlth reform
- 2000 became NY senator - Sec. of State 2009 - 2012 |
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Bill Clinton
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- 42nd President (1993 - 2001)
- Rhodes Scholar - Good at reconciling conservative & liberal wings of Dems |
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Ty Cobb
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- Baseball player
- RBI, stolen bases, and batting avg. record-holder |
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Congress on Racial Equality (CORE)
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- During Civil Rights Movement
- Freedom Riders and under influence of Black Power |
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Calvin Coolidge
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- 30th President (1923 - 1929)
- From MA - "The business of America is Business." - VP to Warren Harding, and stepped in after Harding died - Worked to restrain growth of gov't. - Broke strike by Boston police: "There is no right to strike against the public safety by anybody, anywhere, anytime." |
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Crazy Horse
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- 1870s
- Rel: Battle of the Little Bighorn, 1876 (Custer's Last stand) - Sioux Chief |
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Cross of Gold speech
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- You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold"
- Address by William Jennings Bryan in 1896 - Criticized the Gold Standard - Wanted to allow free coinage - particularly for the sake of indebted farmers |
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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- 1962
- pertaining to missiles in Cuba - major period of cold war - during Kennedy & Khrushchev |
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Custer's Last Stand
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- Col. George A. Custer
- Battle of the Little Bighorn against Sitting Bull - Custer underestimated the size of the Sioux and lost |
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Richard Daley
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- 1950s - 1970s
- Mayor of Chicago - gave Chicago's government a rep of quick responses to problems and so called "a city that works" |
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Clarence Darrow
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- 1800s - 1900s
- Lawyer and author known for his defense of unpopular causes: Eugene Debs whom he was a defense attorney in Scopes Trial (evolution) |
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"A date which will live in infamy"
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- FDR
- Day of Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor |
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Dawes Act
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- 1887
- Law intended to turn Indians into farmers & landowners and "civilize" Indians |
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Eugene V. Debs
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- 1800s/1900s
- REL: Scopes Trial & Clarance Darrow - 5 times Socialist candidate for president |
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Democratic Party
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- Started as the Democratic-Republican party
- Thomas Jefferson - Andrew Jackson first pres. elected just as Democrat - 1800/1900s tended to be part of South and West before - Woodrow Wilson - Progressives - FDR - Truman - Kennedy - Johnson - Carter - Clinton - Obama - Since New Deal: focuson on social, economic, and political opportunities - Most blacks, Jews, Liberals, and Labor Unions |
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Great Depression
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- 1929 - e1940s
- REL: New Deal, FDR, Dust Bowl, Fireside Chats, Hoovervilles, |
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John Dewey
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- 1800s/1900s
- Philosopher, followed Pragmatism - REL: Progressive Education |
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John Dillinger
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- e1900s
- Bank Robber - Escaped from prison twice - FBI shot deal in 1934 |
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Doughboys
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- Infantry soldiers in WWI
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William O. Douglas
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- 1939 - 1975
- SC Justice - Very liberal - Longest serving justice |
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W.E.B. DuBois (pr. du-boys)
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- 1800s/1900s
- Black author - Radical - NAACP - helped found - Booker T. Washing - criticized him for saying that blacks should accept being the inferior status - The Soul of Black Folk - book |
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John Foster Dulles
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- 1953 - 1959
- Sec. of State under Eisenhower - Moralist and militant anti-Communist |
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Dust Bowl
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- 1930s
- enormous dust storms over Oaklahoma, Arkansas, & Texas - REL: Grapes of Wrath |
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Amelia Earhart
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- 1930s
- 1st woman pilot - Flew over Atlantic, but lost in Pacific in 1937 |
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Wyatt Earp (pr. urp)
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- 1881
- OK Corral - part of the gunfight in Tombstone, AZ |
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Dwight D. (Ike) Eisenhower
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- 34th President (1953 - 1961)
- Nixon - his VP - Supreme Comander in WWII - Normandy & D-Day invasion - organized - Credited for overthrowing Nazi gov't - NATO - organized - "I like Ike" pres. slogan - Wanted by Dems and Reps for President - Korean War - negotiated end - Fairly prosperous time during his presidency |
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Ellis Island
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- chief immigration state
- 1892 - 1943 |
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Fannie Farmer
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- 1800s/1900s
- First American cookbook: The Boston Cooking School Cook Book |
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Geraldine Ferraro
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- 1984
- Nominated by Dems to be VP to candidate Walter Mondale |
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Fireside chats
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- FDR
- 1930s - Designed to explain policies and calm fears about the Great Depression |
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Flappers
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- 1920s
- Young women who refused to use corsets, cut their hair short, wore short skirts, drank and smoked in public |
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Gerald Ford
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- 38th President (1974 - 1977)
- Stepped in after Nixon resided (didn't have a VP for 4 months...at which time Nelson Rockefeller came in. - Wanted to pursue moderate policies and to communicate better with Congress and public. - Born Leslie Lynch King Jr. |
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Four Freedoms
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- FDR
- 1941 speech before joining WWII - 4 freedoms worth fighting for a. freedom of speech/expression b. freedom of worship c. freedom from want d. freedom from fear |
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14 Points
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- Woodrow Wilson
- goal of the US in peace negotiations after WWI - Public negotiation between nations - Freedom of navigation - Free trade - self-determination for nations involved in war - Establishment of League of Nations (Treaty of Versailles). |
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Felix Frankfurter
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- 1900s
- SC judge - believed in "judicial restraint" - judges should try cases, not legislate from the bench |
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Freedom Riders
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- REL: Civil Rights Movement
- Northern idealists sympathetic to blacks |
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Betty Friedan (pr. fri-dan)
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- 1960s - Woman's Movement
- 1963 - The Feminine Mystique (book) - Founder of Nat. Org. for Women |
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Fullbright scholarships
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- Exchange of students and scholars between US and other nations
- Conceived by Senator J. William Fullbright |
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James A. Garfield
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- 20th President (March 1881 - Sept. 1881)
- Rep - Assassinated by a man who didn't get a public job by the Spoils System - Succeeded by Chester Arthur |
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Marcus Garvey
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- 1920s
- Jamaican-born black nationalist - Founded Universal Negro Improvement Association - Black Star shipping line, facilitated emigration of blacks back to Africa - Eventually jailed and shipped back to Jamaica b/c the gov't feared his influence. |
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Lou Gehrig
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- 1920s/1930s baseball player
- Played over 2000 consecutive games - Died in 30s of disease of the nerves |
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Geronimo
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- 1800s/1900s
- Apache leader - One of last to fight white settlers |
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GI Bill
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- 1944 law
- provided education and other benefit to soldiers in WWII |
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GI Joe
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- Nickname to US soldiers in WWII
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Charlotte P. Gilman
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- 1800s/1900s
- Feminist - Wrote: Women and Economics (1898) - Believed that current system made women too dependent on men |
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Barry Goldwater
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- 1900s
- Conservatists - Rep - Lost to LBJ |
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Samuel Gompers
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- 1800s/1900s Labor leader
- Co-founded AFL (skilled workers) which later merged with CIO (skilled and unskilled) |
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Billy Graham
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- 1940s
- Evangelist - Held religious meetings called Crusades for Christ |
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Great Society
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- LBJ's aims in domestic policy
- Clean air & water - Expanded education opportunities - Lessening of poverty & disease (War on Poverty) |
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Griswold v. Connecticut
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- 1965
- SC decision that made it legal to use or disseminate info about Contraception (originally a CT law) based on right to privacy. |
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William F. Halsey
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- WWII admiral
- aka Bull - Victories over Japanese at Guadalcanal |
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Warren G. Harding
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- 29th President (1921-1923)
- Rep - Wanted normalcy after ambitious foreign & domestic policy of Wilson - Succeeded by VP, Calvin Coolidge - Had many political appointees who were found corrupt |
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Harding Scandals
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- e1920s
- Corruption in gov't durring Harding presidency - Teapot Dome scandal - leaded federal oil reserves to private interests |
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William Randolph Hearst
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- 1800s/1900s
- Yellow Journalism - sensational - Spanish-American War - partially blamed on his newspaper in 1890s |
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Wild Bill Hickok
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- 1800s
- US Marshall who pursued outlaws - Buffalo Bill - a friend |
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Alger Hiss
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- 1948
- Accused by communist Whittaker Chambers of having been a secret agent for USSR - Tried and convicted - Nixon - investigated charge |
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Jimmy Hoffa
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- Teamsters Union founder
- Found for misuse of pension funds and jury tampering. - disappeared in 1975 - many think of murder |
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Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
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- 1800s/1900s
- SC Judge - "Clear and present danger" - limitation on free speech. - Liberal judge - often minority - Wanted to view laws as a social instrument rather than abstract principles. - |
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Herbert Hoover
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- 31st President (1929 - 1931)
- Great Depression started a few months after he stepped in - Rep - Insisted that private enterprise, not gov't could turn econ. around - Lost to FDR - 1940s tried to make gov't more efficient |
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J. Edgar Hoover
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- 1900s
- FBI director (1924 - 1972) - Controversial for abuse of his power |
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Hoovervilles
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- Great Depression encampments of poor & homeless
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"I have a dream" speech
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- MLK Jr.
- 1963 - Civil Rights Movement - Delivered at rally on Washington Mall - Encouraged a nonviolent movement |
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"I shall return"
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- 1942
- WWII - Gen. Douglas MacArthur credited for freeing Philippines from Japanese contorl |
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Iran-Contra affair
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- Reagan
- m1980s - US sold arms to Iran for the release of hostages in Lebabon. - $$ from the sales were funneled to the Contra, a group in Nicaragua who fought the Marxist Sandinista gov't |
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Ivy League
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- 8 old distinguished colleges
- Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Harvard, Princeton, Yale, Dartmouth, and UPenn |
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Iwo Jima
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- WWII
- Island taken by US from Japan - Famous photo of Marines raising the US flag at the island's summit |
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Jesse Jackson
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- A Civil Right Movement leader
- Contended for president in primaries of 1984 & 1988 |
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Internment of Japanese Americans
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- 1942
- WWII after Pearl Harbor Japanese Americans living in the West were forced into relocation camps out of fear that they might cooperate with Japan after the attack |
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Jazz Age
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- 1920s
- Attacks on many conventions of America |
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Jim Crow
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- REL: Segregation
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John Birch Society
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- 1950s/1960s
- Extremists who were very concerned with communism |
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Andrew Johnson
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- 17th Pres (1865 - 1869)
- Lincoln's VP - 1 of 2 to be impeached for illegally dismissing official - barely got through |
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Lyndon Baines Johnson (LBJ)
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- 36th Pres (1963 - 1969)
- JFK's VP - New Frontier projects - Voting Rights Act (1965) - Great Society programs (clean air & water, lessening poverty) - Vietnam - greater involvement |
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Edward (Ted) Kennedy
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- Younger brother to John & Bobby
- MA senator since 1963 - Liberal leader - Chappaquiddick incident marred his chances for a presidential nomination |
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John F. Kennedy (JFK)
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- 35th Pres (1961 - 1963)
- Dem - "Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country." - Ended Cuban Missile Crisis - Negotiated Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963) w/UK & USSR - New Frontier - space travel - Civil Rights Movement - Lee Harvey Oswald assassinated |
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Robert (Bobby) Kennedy
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- JFK's younger brother & closest adviser
- Attorney General - Sirhan Sirhan (Palestinian) assassinated him in 1968 b/c he favored Israel |
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Kent State
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- 1970
- Vietnam opposing students were fired on by panicky National Guard - 4 killed, 9 wounded |
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Martin Luther King, Jr. (MLK)
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- 1950s/1960s
- Civil Rights Movement leader - Nonviolent protest - boycotts, sit-ins - 1963 march on Washington - 1964 received Nobel Peace Prize - 1968 - James Earl Ray assassinated him. |
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Henry Kissinger
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- 1900s
- Sec. of State to Nixon - China - opened relations with - Vietnam & Cambodia - involved in - 1973 - co-winner of Nobel Peace Prize |
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Korean War
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- e1950s
- UN/US and N. Korea - 1950 - Started when N. invaded S. Korea - Truman declared it a "police action" - didn't get Congress's approval - a path LBJ used in Vietnam later - Gen. Douglas MacArthur lead the forces - China helped N. Korea |
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Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
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- White supremacists
- Began during Reconstruction - Resurged in 1920s & 1960s - Also went against Jews, Roman Catholics, Immigrants, communists - Titles include Grand Dragon, Grand Cyclops, Imperial Wizard |
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Fiorello La Guardia
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- 1930s/1940s
- Beloved mayor of NYC - Fought fiercely against corruption |
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"Lafayette, we are here"
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- 1917
- Words spoken by a US military officers (possibly Gen. John Pershing) at the tomb of Marquis de Lafayette who fought for the US in the Revolutionary War |
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"Letter from Birmingham Jail"
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- 1963
- MLK - Maintaining to the people in the Civil Rights Movement that his nonviolent actions were the way to achieve their goals - "one who breaks an unjust law must do it openly, lovingly" - that doing so shows respect for law as just. |
