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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the reasons to study history ?
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1.) History is never finished
2.) History is interesting 3.) You develop empathy 4.) To be a better thinker 5.) To learn from past mistakes |
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What are the 5 Founding American Ideals
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1.) Liberty
2.) Democracy 3.) Equality 4.) Opportunity 5.) Rights |
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Who proposed the resolution for independence ?
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Richard Henry Lee
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Who was on the committee to draft the Declaration ?
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Thomas Jefferson
Roger Sherman Benjamin Franklin Robert R. Livingston John Adams |
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Who wrote the Declaration of Independence ?
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1.) statement of human rights
2.) Grievances against the king 3.) Statement of Independence |
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When was the Declaration of Independence approved ?
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July 4, 1776
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What are the branches of government ?
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1.) Executive
2.) Judicial 3.) Legislative |
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Explain what the Preamble means ?
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The people of the united states , are going to establish Justice, Insure domestic tranqulity, and they are going to provide common defense, and promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to themselves and there posterity, do ordain and they will establish the constitution for the united states
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How many articles does the Constitution have ?
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7
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That are checks and balances ?
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It is a system system of where all three branches work together to help keep any one branch from becoming too powerful
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Describe the impeachment process
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The charge anofficial of committing a crime. The House brings the charges and the Senate votes. A 2/3 majority is needed to remove the official from office.
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Define the legislative branch
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Congress- the law making branch- two bodies one based on population (The House of Representatives) and the other with 2 senators for each (Senate)
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What are the jobs of the legislative branch?
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1.) Propose laws
2.) Declare war 3.) Override the president’s veto with a 2/3 vote 4.) Propose amendments with a 2/3 vote 5.) Approves treaties 6.) Approves presidential appointments |
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Define the executive branch.
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President & his cabinet
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What are the jobs of the executive branch ?
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1.) Commander and chief of the military
2.) Propose laws 3.) Enforces the laws 4.)Appoints Supreme Court judges 5.) Proposes budget 6.) Grants pardons 7.) Makes treaties |
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Define the Judicial branch
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the Supreme Court (and other Federal Courts)
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What are the jobs of the Judicial Branch ?
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1.) interpret the law
2.) Declare laws unconstitutional 3.) Declare president’s actions unconstitutional |
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What are concurrent powers ?
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Powers shared by both the state and the federal government- examples- taxes, roads, borrow money, and establish courts
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What are delegated powers ?
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powers granted to congress- examples- coin money, raise army, declare war, and establish post offices
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What are reserved powers ?
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powers reserved for the states- examples- fire, police, schools, issuing licenses, and conducting elections
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How many amendments are there ?
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27
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What are the 1st 10 called ?
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Bill of Rights
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What percentage is needed to propose an amendment ?
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2/3
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What percentage is needed to ratify the Constitution ?
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3/4
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What is Manifest Destiny ?
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the belief that God wanted the US to expand to the Pacific Ocean and spread democracy across the country to all people.
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What was the Indian Removal Act?
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The plan to clear the Indians east of the Mississippi to “Indian Territory”
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What was the Marshall Court?
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The Supreme Court under the rule of Chief Justice John Marshall made a number of Supreme Court decisions that affirmed federal power
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How did industrialization impact the Westward Movement?
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Trains helped people go farther and faster than ever before. They also linked people together, better and faster trade was possible. Mass Production allowed goods to be produced at a rapid rate which made them cheaper. Cotton gin allowed cotton to be cleaned at a rapid rate, thus increasing productivity.
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What are 3 characteristics of the North during 1850-1860?
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1.) Industrial
4.) Limited slavery 3.) Greater population |
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What are 3 characteristics of the South during 1850-1860?
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1.) Relied on agriculture
2.) Predominately rural 3.) Relied on slavery as an industry |
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How did the Fugitive Slave Law increase tension between the North and the South?
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Runaway slaves were forced to be returned. Southerners brought charges against Northerners for harboring slaves. Southerners would capture freemen and claim they were runaways
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What is popular sovereignty?
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The feeling that regional interests control politics
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Which state became a battle ground for the Civil War?
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Kansas
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Which state was the 1st to succeed from the union?
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South Carolina
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What is sectionalism ?
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The differences between the north and the south
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What are the advantages of the North ?
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1.) more troops
2.) more money 3.) more industrial 4.) more resources |
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What were the advantages of the South?
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1.) Fought a defensive war
2.) On their own terrain |
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What were the bloodiest battles?
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1.) Gettysburg
2.) Antietam 3.) Bull Run |
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What were the challenges in government the North?
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1.) Hard time gaining support
2.) troop shortages |
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What were the challenges in the government in the South?
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1.) shortage of troops
2.) Shortage of money 3.) lack of supplies |
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What were the effects of war on the soldiers (North and South)?
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1.) harsh conditions
2.) boredom 3.) homesick 4.) disease spread throughout camp |
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What were conditions like in the South for the slaves?
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Harsher conditions, plantations owners afraid slaves would runaway
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What was life like for African-Americans in the North?
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1.) given manual jobs
2.) discriminated against 3.) learned less money |
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What were some contributions of women in the war?
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1.) ran business
2.) worked as nurses 3.) spies 4.) disguised themselves as men and fought as soldiers |
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Where was the end of the Civil War?
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Appomattox, Virginia
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Who were the commanders of each side?
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North-Ulysses S. Grant
South- Robert E. Lee |
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When was the surrender?
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April 9, 1865
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How many steps were the Southern States required to take in order to rejoin the Union ?
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5 steps
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What are the 5 steps ?
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Write a new state constitution
Elect a new state government Repeal its secession act Canceled its war debts Ratify the 13th Amendment |
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what are the freedom of the slaves ?
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Travel
Marriage Education Own land |
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What was the purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau ?
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Assist former slaves and poor whites in the South
They provided medical care food, clothing, education, legal assistance and acted as a court of law in some situations |
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How many purposes did the Black Codes they serve ?
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3
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Give their 3 main purposes
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1. Denied the right to vote and serve on juries
2. Required freedmen to sign yearly contracts with plantation owners 3. Limit upward mobility of African American Limited to only farm work Children denied entry to schools |
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Who were the Radical Republicans ?
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Abolitionists before the war, now determined to reconstruct the nation for equality for all
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Who were the leaders of the Radical Republicans ?
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Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner
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What happen durning a collision course with Johnson ?
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Extended the Freedman’s Bureau beyond it’s one year charter and gave the Bureau greater power
Passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866- took aim at Black Codes What happened to invoke a “collision course?” Johnson vetoed both bill/Radicals overrode both |
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What was the 14th Amendment ?
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Gave all former slaves citizenship
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What was the significance of the 1866 election ?
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Radicals gained a 2/3 veto-proof in both house
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What were the Reconstruction Acts ?
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Broke South into 5 districts controlled by Federal Troops
Election boards were set up by loyal supporters Wrote states new constitutions Required to ratify 14th Amendment Command of the Army Act- limited Johnson’s power as commander in chief Tenure of Office Act- barred the president from firing certain federal officers without Senate consent |
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What event provoked the impeachment process ?
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Johnson fires Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton (appointed by Lincoln and Radical Republican supporter)
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What did the Senate charge Johnson with ?
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He brought the office of “president into contempt, ridicule and disgrace, to the great scandal of all good citizens”
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What did Johnson’s lawyers argue ?
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All he did was defy Congress
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What was the final vote ?
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36 to 25 just one vote short of the 2/3rds needed
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How many voting groups were there in the South ?
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3
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What were the 3 groups ?
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Freedmen- new to voting
Republicans- Poor Southerners who opposed Secession Northerners- known as scalawags |
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Why did Northerners flock to the South ?
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Make money off of the South
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What did Southerners call them ?
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Carpetbaggers
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Who won the election of 1868 ?
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Ulysses S. Grant
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What was the significance of the election ?
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Marred by violence
Grant won the popular vote with a half a million new black voters |
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What is the 15th amendment ?
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All men have the right to vote regardless of race, color or previous servitude
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What percentage were African Americans?
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About 1/4
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What was Segregation ?
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Separation of races in public places
Many states outlawed Segregation, but they were hard to enforce |
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What happened to money that was to be used to rebuild the South ?
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fell into the hands of corrupt officials
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What were tenant farmers ?
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Land that was divided into small plots and rented to workers who would grow the crops
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What is Sharecropping ?
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paying your share of the rent with the crop that you grow
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What is debt peonage ?
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Debtors forced to work for the person they owed money to until they pay off their debt.
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what are some of the reasons whites in the southern were angry ?
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Former Confederates were not allowed to run for office
Government was raising taxes to pay for schools and improvements Corrupt officials |
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What are the 3 different terror groups ?
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White Brotherhood Nights
White Camelia Ku Klux Klan |
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What were some of their tactics ?
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Burning schools, attacks on Freedman’s Bureau Agencies and murder in some cases
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What were some ways the Northerners tried to end Reconstruction ?
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Sent troops to stop terror groups
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Amnesty Act
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granted to former Confederates and allowed them once again to hold office
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