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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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City or city-state often self-governed by its citizens as were the ancient Greek city-states
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Poleis
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A specified majority of voters; e.g. Constitution required 9/13 to be ratified
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Supermajority
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1722-1803 2nd Cousin to John Adams; MA statesman; organized Boston Tea Party; served in Continental Congress; signed DOA; very against strong federal government.
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Samuel Adams
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Against ratification of the Constitution.
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Anti-federalists
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1755-1804 served as 1st secretary of treasury under Washington; founded Federalist Party; co-wrote Federalist; championed strong central government.
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Alexander Hamilton
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A political group that was for the ratification of the Constitution.
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Federalists
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1753-1813 Governor of VA; delegate to CC; proposed Madison's VA Plan; refused to sign Constitution without Bill of Rights; instrumental in VA's ratifying Constitution
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Edmund Randolph
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1745-1829 Founding Father; President of CC; co-wrote Federalist; First Chief Justice of US Supreme Court
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John Jay
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Series of essays published in NY newspapers to gain support for the ratification of the Constitution; Madison, Hamilton and Jay
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The Federalist
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Fundamental rights granted by nature that government cannot abrogate and which government is bound to protect.
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Natural Rights
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Rights defined using narrow, concrete language, full of specific terms and qualifiers.
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Civil Rights
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Natural rights that don't proclaim an "is" so much as an "ought" about the world--the way things "should" be; freedom of conscience, expression, and right to privacy.
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The Great Oughts
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Lws passed by Congress in 1798 to try and stifle the "seditious" writings of French propagandists against the neutrality of the United States with regards to the French and British War.
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Alien and Sedition Acts
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Supreme Court case in which judicial review was established.
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Marbury vs. Madison
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The authority of a court to hear certain kinds of cases first instead of waiting for those cases to be tried in a lower court.
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Original Jurisdiction
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Congressional act passed in 1789 to form the federal court system and to authorize writs of mandamus.
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Judiciary Act of 1789
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The time between the election of a new political official and when they take office. Refers specifically to the outgoing official's frequent lack of influence or power during that period.
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Lame Duck
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Judiciary appointments of Federalist judges made by Federalist president John Adams shortly before he left office; in response to the Democratic-Republican victory in the Congress and Presidency
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Midnight Appointments
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A "Midnight Appointment" by John Adams; sued James Madison for delivery of his commission, which was being withheld by order of President Jefferson
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William Marbury
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A court document forcing action by a certain party.
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Writ of Mandamus
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Power of the Supreme Court to rule on the constitutionality of laws; established by John Marshall in Marbury vs. Madison
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Judicial Review
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