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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1836-1892 most unethical of Robber Barons; Involved with Tammany Hall and Boss Tweed early in career; gained control of Western Railroads and had controlling interest in 15% of US tracks; skilled businessman
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Jay Gould
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1824-1893 8th Governor California; President of South Pacific Railroad; large portion of fortune went to funding Leland Stanford Junior University.
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Leland Stanford
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1794-1877 Made fortune in shipping and later in railroads; ruthless businessman, not philanthropist
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Cornelius Vanderbilt
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1821-1900 one of the Big Four with Stanford, involved in railroads and shipping; founded Newport News Shipping, largest privately owned shipyard in US
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Collis P. Huntington
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1835-1919 made fortune in steel industry; donated most of his money to establish schools, libraries, and universities around the world.
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Andrew Carnegie
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Muckraker term used for leaders of large corporations and trusts to reflect their power and unscrupulous natures.
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Robber Baron
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Journalists that portrayed the leaders of corporations and the actions of their companies in unfavorable circumstances, writing yellow journalism.
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Muckraker
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1839-1937 founder of Stanford Oil Company; known for buying out competitors; generous philanthropist; name became synonymous with massive wealth
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John D. Rockefeller
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1837-1913 Morgan was banker and financier , and his firm, was one of the most powerful banking houses in this world; financed formation of United States Steel Corporation
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J.P. Morgan
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Frank Norris's novel that recounted the depredations of California Railroads
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The Octopus
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Upton Sinclair's muckraker book that exposed the practices of Chicago meat-packaging plants.
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The Jungle
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1855-1926 ran for President five times as socialist; last attempt was made in 1920 while in prison for obstructing draft for WWI
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Eugene V. Debs
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1823-1878 "Boss Tweed" leader of Tammany Hall political machine; rigged election and stole massive amounts of money from NYC
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William Marcy Tweed
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1880s political movement favoring nationalizing banks and railroads to protect farms and rural towns from the private power and corruption of big corporations
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Populism
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1860-1925 lawyer, statesman, popular speaker; ran for president 3 times as democrat; leader in progressive movement; most famous lawyers in Scopes trial (evolution taught in schools)
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William Jennings Bryan
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Post-populist, urban-based political movement against private power and corporate corruption that looked hopefully toward the future, emphasizing the benefits of science and technology.
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Progressivism
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1820-1903 father of Social Darwinism; coined phrase "survival of the fittest" in his 1864 book "Principles of Biology"
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Herbert Spencer
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Belief that society, like everything else, is in a state of constant change and development, evolving into ever higher and more complex forms.
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Social Darwinism
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1858-1919 26th President; championed environmental causes
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Theodore Roosevelt
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A quasi-governmental organization formed to regulate the money supply and help keep the economy stable
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Federal Reserve System
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Progressive reform in which citizens could put propositions directly on the ballot through petition and have them become laws by garnering a majority vote.
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Initiative
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Progressive reform in which laws passed by legislatures can be directly submitted to the people for a vote; a majority vote against the law removes it from the books.
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Referendum
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Progressive reform in which citizens can call a special election by petition to recall an elected official; a majority vote removes the person from office
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Recall
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Extended recession in the 1930s that led to widespread unemployment, bank failure and general downturn of economy until WWII
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The Great Depression
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When most depositors try to withdraw their funds simultaneously from a bank.
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Bank Run
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1874-1964 31st president; lost 1932 election because of his failure to end the economic recession led to the Great Depression
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Herbert Hoover
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1883-1946 British economist whose ideas would influence Roosevelt's New Deal intervention for US economy
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John Maynard Keynes
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Economic theory in which the economy would regulate itself, but in the case of extreme depression the government would be needed to artificially stimulate demand by increasing spending or cutting taxes
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Keynesian Economics
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Constitutional clause that gives Congress the power to regulate certain types of trade also a justification for the Civil Rights Act of 1964
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Commerce Clause
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1874-1948 leader of the "Progressive School" of historiography; attacked founders as being motivated by economic self-interest; believed US should be isolationist
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Charles A. Beard
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1856-1924 28th president; felt Constitution was too rigid and outdated
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Woodrow Wilson
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Supporters of an economic theory emphasizing the role of money supply in an economy.
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Monetarists
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