American Government Final

Front 1

Amendment 1

Back 1

civil liberties, freedom of press, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, press, petition and assembly.

Front 2

Amendment 2

Back 2

Right to bear arms

Front 3

Amendment 3

Back 3

no quartering of troops

Front 4

Amendment 4

Back 4

Search and seizure

Front 5

Amendment 5

Back 5

Rights of the accused

Front 6

Amendment 6

Back 6

trial process, right to speedy trial

Front 7

Anarchy

Back 7

Government does not exist.

Front 8

Bill of rights

Back 8

1791, protects the citizens from central government.

Front 9

Bureaucracy

Back 9

Large organization structured to carry out functions, hierarchy (levels of power)

Front 10

Capitalism

Back 10

No government involvement

Front 11

Criminal Laws

Back 11

Murder and assault.

Front 12

Civil Laws

Back 12

policy changing, disputes between people, divorces, someone who messed up your house, age discrimination or any form of it.

Front 13

Civil service

Back 13

Was created by the pendleton act I 1883

Front 14

Standing committee

Back 14

Permanent bodies, established y rules of each chamber.

Front 15

Select committees

Back 15

temporary committee to study something for a certain amount of time.

Front 16

Joint Committees

Back 16

Also called conference committee, made of senators and reps.

Front 17

Common law

Back 17

Law passed down through the ages, made by a judge.

Front 18

Confederate

Back 18

Divides power, group of people came together divide power and create central government.

Front 19

Deficit

Back 19

Borrowing money to pay deficit.

Front 20

National debt

Back 20

Money we owe.

Front 21

Domino theory

Back 21

If one nation is allowed to fall to Russia then they all would.

Front 22

Dual federalism

Back 22

central government has powers states have powers separated from each other and are rather equal.

Front 23

Electoral college

Back 23

select group of people chose y state legislature, to select president.

Front 24

Equal time rule

Back 24

news papers and other media can charge more or less to a candidate cause they favor or hate the other and can charge a differet price for a add, offer or different time frame.

Front 25

Exclusionary rule

Back 25

evidence illegally seized cannot become used in criminal law. Came from Mapp case.

Front 26

Factors affecting outcome of elections

Back 26

$, incumbency, franking privilege, constituents, national tide, partisianship, presidential coatlails, issues, scandals, skills & personality.

Front 27

Executive privilege

Back 27

Power of pres. to deny congress.

Front 28

Federalism

Back 28

Dividing power more evenly.

Front 29

Fillibuster

Back 29

If a senator is recognized to speak as long as they are speaking nobody can take action against the bill.

Front 30

Gerrymandering

Back 30

Elbridge Gerry would convince a legistlature to redraw his district lines in a way that federalists would always be majority. If amout of reps are different they could always redraw the lines.

Front 31

Sedition

Back 31

Acts against the government

Front 32

Schenck

Back 32

Brought clear and present test which establishes a line you can't cross in freedom of speech. clear and present danger to welfare of others

Front 33

Gitlow

Back 33

Arrested for sedition, appeals to supreme court, they rule against him. Bad tendency test

Front 34

preferred freedoms

Back 34

through a series of cases they prefer freedom of speech over nit picking what has been said

Front 35

current freedom of speech test

Back 35

grave and immediate danger to the welfare of others

Front 36

liable

Back 36

accountable

Front 37

slander

Back 37

spoken word

Front 38

libel

Back 38

defamation of character, destroying another's character

Front 39

negligence

Back 39

failed to do job

Front 40

lobbyists

Back 40

chief person

Front 41

economic interest group

Back 41

money, medical association, American bar association.

Front 42

citizen interest group

Back 42

activists, will electioneer, trying to get votes and try getting things done.

Front 43

Iron triangle

Back 43

source of power, tough to break into, secret, could form policy. In the top of congress committee to the right is the agency the left is lobbyist

Front 44

issue network

Back 44

bunch of people taking part to help

Front 45

John Marshall

Back 45

most impacting justice of all time

Front 46

judicial activism

Back 46

intentionally go into the constitution to get something done

Front 47

judicial restraint

Back 47

court is very respectful of how a state or congress has done something. unless law is hit you in the face unconstitutional the court will probably allow it

Front 48

laissez faire

Back 48

hands free from economy

Front 49

detente

Back 49

relaxing tension between Russia

Front 50

foreign policy

Back 50

goals a country wants to achieve in the world

Front 51

foreign policy now

Back 51

if we're attacked we attack back

Front 52

MAD

Back 52

mutual assured destruction

Front 53

manifest destiny

Back 53

belief it's our God given duty to spread our way of life.

Front 54

Marbury vs Madison

Back 54

judicial review came out of this case, chief justice who gave supreme court power of judicial review John Marshall

Front 55

Marshall plan

Back 55

pumps money into the counties to help them build defense against communist Russia.

Front 56

miller

Back 56

sexual magazine was sent to restaurant owner, he had charges brought to him tried to argue freedom of press. had no right to mail to someone who didnt order it

Front 57

Miranda case

Back 57

Arrested for suspicion of rape admitted in the back of car "police should have told him it would be held against him"

Front 58

Miranda rights

Back 58

remain silent. statements you make will be held against you. right to attorney. termination of questioning

Front 59

fiscal policy

Back 59

congress spends money and taxes

Front 60

monetary policy

Back 60

federal reserve board watches the money, decrease the interest rate to get people to buy.

Front 61

ex post facto

Back 61

no law after the fact, when someone does a crime not against the law and they try to charge for crime after law is made

Front 62

democracy

Back 62

Greek term demos means the people knatos meaning authority of or ruled by. ruled by the people.

Front 63

article 6

Back 63

supremacy clause establishes law of the land in this country. 1. constitution 2. laws 3. any treaty

Front 64

article 1 section 8

Back 64

powers of congress. 18 clauses first 17 are delegated powers. 18th clause is the elastic clause. power of congress to stretch delegated powers to meet needs of the day.

Front 65

amendment 22

Back 65

1951. two year term limit with total of ten years.

Front 66

amendment 20

Back 66

lame duck, political persons wings have been clipped

Front 67

amendment 25

Back 67

presidential disability, put president to side and vice president takes over until he is better

Front 68

amendment 19

Back 68

women's suffrage

Front 69

amendment 16

Back 69

taxes 6%

Front 70

amendment 17

Back 70

Senate elected by the people 3/5 of a person (black) was counted

Front 71

amendment 10

Back 71

power not delegated to congress, not taken away from states automatically is reserved for states.

Front 72

amendment 14

Back 72

civil rights, freedoms from being discriminated against

Front 73

eichman

Back 73

burned flag as freedom of speech, us lost so took to supreme court, ruled in his favor

Front 74

Barnette

Back 74

wanted every kid to do pledge of allegiance court ruled against it. don't have to stand and acknowledge flag.

Front 75

tinker

Back 75

arm band case, protested Vietnam war, kids kicked out of school court ruled against it cause it didn't disrupt learning environment

Front 76

appellate jurisdiction

Back 76

right to hear a case that's already been heard. ~Court of appeals and supreme~

Front 77

original jurisdiction

Back 77

right to hear case for first time. has never been heard once. ~most of the time district sometimes supreme~

Front 78

patronage

Back 78

early presidents appointing people

Front 79

Pendleton act

Back 79

creates civil service

Front 80

Pentagon papers

Back 80

Also known as ny times they wanted to publish a story they heard the people didn't want it out and said prior restraint they voted for ny times

Front 81

pluralism

Back 81

individuals are suppose to share in rule making. nobody dominates

Front 82

political culture

Back 82

values that a given society holds together

Front 83

political ideology

Back 83

what you think the government should be. incorporated a complex set of ideas. family, community, freedom, honesty, love,trust, etc.

Front 84

political socialization

Back 84

the way we acquire our beliefs. number one influence is family

Front 85

politics

Back 85

acts of influencing government

Front 86

pork barrel

Back 86

projects that favor the district, bring money to district

Front 87

popular sovereignty

Back 87

the majority rule of us.

Front 88

powers denied congress

Back 88

list of powers congress cannot have like suspension of habeas corpus, no export taxes, no ex post facto, no head tax.

Front 89

precinct

Back 89

smallest voting district

Front 90

prior restraint

Back 90

government censorship, Cory order to the publican you won't publish it

Front 91

primary

Back 91

actual election 2/3 of states run one

Front 92

proxy adm

Back 92

government shipping to a private

Front 93

public opinion

Back 93

started preference that people express about issues, policies and politicians

Front 94

reapportionment

Back 94

redeal reps for a population every ten years

Front 95

search warrant

Back 95

1. judge 2. good reason, probable cause 3. specification 4. oath

Front 96

selective incorporation

Back 96

only protected from central government not states

Front 97

Shays rebellion

Back 97

gains followers and revolt, were tired of farming taxes

Front 98

service strategy (case work)

Back 98

congress person is responding to needs of continents (people they represent)

Front 99

spoils system

Back 99

to the victor go the spoils

Front 100

merit system

Back 100

another name for civil services

Front 101

state decisis

Back 101

ruling the way someone had already ruled. too stand on earlier decided cases

Front 102

strict and loose constructionist

Back 102

way constitution is interpreted by a judge

Front 103

suffrage

Back 103

right to vote due to 19th amendment

Front 104

supply side economics

Back 104

corporate taxes are lowered if the corp. expands business

Front 105

supreme court

Back 105

all judges appointed by president approved by Senate. term is life unless impeached. 9 members

Front 106

Thomas Paine

Back 106

common sense

Front 107

dredd Scott

Back 107

slave who said he should be free because his master left the slave state to a free. they told him he was property not a person

Front 108

three headed giant

Back 108

1. organizers 2. electorate 3. officials

Front 109

monarchy

Back 109

king or queen

Front 110

absolute Monarchy

Back 110

king or queen has absolute power

Front 111

limited monarchy

Back 111

constitutional monarchy

Front 112

dictatorship

Back 112

no freedom, one ruler

Front 113

facism

Back 113

police state, rule of fear

Front 114

aristocracy

Back 114

rule of wealth

Front 115

direct democracy

Back 115

total vote by people

Front 116

totalitarianism

Back 116

government rules all. like Hitler

Front 117

anarchy

Back 117

government doesn't exist

Front 118

Locke

Back 118

promoted idea every person enlightened with life liberty and property

Front 119

Rousseau

Back 119

popular sovereignty

Front 120

Montesquieu

Back 120

separation of branches

Front 121

hobbes

Back 121

government depend on consent of government

Front 122

war powers resolution aide

Back 122

60 days congress evaluates living pleace

Front 123

political action committee

Back 123

PAC organization that raises money privately to influence elections or legislation especially at federal level

Front 124

polling

Back 124

record opinion or vote of

Front 125

cabinet

Back 125

includes VP and heads of 15 executive departments. secretaries of ag, commerce, defense, education, energy, etc.

Front 126

Adam Smith

Back 126

founding father of economics, wealth of the nation had a profound effect on our government.

Front 127

amending process

Back 127

proposed by 2/3 vote in HR and senate or by constitutional convention.

Front 128

articles of confederation

Back 128

original constitution rarified in 1781.

Front 129

article 1

Back 129

establishes legislative branch

Front 130

Bill of the attaineder

Back 130

legislative act that singled out one or more persons and imposed punishments without judicial trial.

Front 131

campaign financing

Back 131

restricts money that individuals and interest groups give to campaigns

Front 132

socialism

Back 132

political and economical theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production distribution and exchange should be regulated by community

Front 133

fascism

Back 133

authoritarian and nationalistic right wing system of government and social organization

Front 134

civil rights

Back 134

rights of citizens too political and social freedom and equality

Front 135

civil liberties

Back 135

state of being subject only to laws established for the good of the community especially with regards to freedom of action

Front 136

civil war amendments

Back 136

13 14 and 15

Front 137

concurrent powers

Back 137

native with federal system of government that are shared with state government

Front 138

constitutional convention

Back 138

also known as Philadelphia convention the gathering that drafted the constitution of the US in 1787

Front 139

cooperative federalism

Back 139

national state and local governments interact cooperatively and collectively to solve problems

Front 140

de facto segregation

Back 140

discrimination wasn't segregated by law. Jim crow laws were enacted in 1870s bright legal segregating against blacks

Front 141

De jure segregation

Back 141

legal separation of groups in society

Front 142

declaration of independence

Back 142

fundamental document establishing the US as nation, adopted on July 4th 1776 by Thomas Jefferson

Front 143

Jim crow Laws

Back 143

racial segregating laws enacted after reconstruction period in southern states.

Front 144

implied powers

Back 144

powers exercised by congress which are not explicitly burn by the constitution itself but implied

Front 145

judicial review

Back 145

review by supreme court three validity of legislative Act. review an administrative scrub by public body

Front 146

party structure

Back 146

national head quarters
state
ward
grass roots (precinct)

Front 147

party platform

Back 147

stage of beliefs, myth to say they are so similar you can't tell them apart

Front 148

Bill to a law

Back 148

introduced, clerk, committee, rules, floor, clerk, committee, floor, president, Secretary of state.

Front 149

checks and balances

Back 149

counterbalancing influenced by which an organization is regulated

Front 150

line item veto

Back 150

power of elected executive to reject individual provisions of a bill

Front 151

impeachment process

Back 151

2/3 50%+1

Front 152

5 principles of the constitution

Back 152

rule of law, republicanism, separation of branches, checks And balances,article 6

Front 153

federalist

Back 153

advocate of federalist party

Front 154

anti federalist

Back 154

opposed ratification of constitution and Allied with anti federal party

Front 155

cloture

Back 155

procedure for ending a debate or vote

Front 156

to be in hr

Back 156

25, 7 years citizen, 2 year term

Front 157

to be senator

Back 157

30, 9 years citizen

Front 158

Payne

Back 158

common sense

Front 159

amendment 7

Back 159

right to trial by jury

Front 160

amendment 8

Back 160

cruel and unusual punishment

Front 161

amendment 9

Back 161

unalienable rights

Front 162

amendment 11

Back 162

suits vs states

Front 163

amendment 12

Back 163

separation of vp and president votes

Front 164

amendment 13

Back 164

outlawed slavery

Front 165

amendment 15

Back 165

African American suffrage

Front 166

amendment 18

Back 166

prohibited liquor

Front 167

amendment 21

Back 167

repealed 18th amendment

Front 168

amendment 23

Back 168

right to vote for vp and president

Front 169

amendment 24

Back 169

forbade pole taxes

Front 170

amendment 26

Back 170

right to vote at 18

Front 171

amendment 27

Back 171

congressional pay raise

Front 172

epperson

Back 172

evolution case

Front 173

Graham

Back 173

10 commandments case

Front 174

schempp

Back 174

2 kids lead prayer court favored the kids

Front 175

yoder

Back 175

Amish case

Front 176

Gregory

Back 176

guy upset about schools not being integrated gets permission to march then riot breaks loose

Front 177

lemon

Back 177

state using money to help private school teacher salaries case

Front 178

pierce case

Back 178

birth of child benefit theory

Front 179

Everson

Back 179

upset because a private school bus took public school kids to their school on the way

Front 180

slaps test

Back 180

serious literary artistic political or scientific value brought from Miller case

Front 181

palko

Back 181

double jeopardy not incorporated

Front 182

New federalism

Back 182

government becomes less dependent on government money wise

Front 183

Missouri compromise

Back 183

Missouri wanted to become a state but if it did it would set off the balance between free and slave states. they broke Maine of Massachusetts and made it free so it was 12 and 12. everything along the line of 36 and 30 other than MO is free. 1821 MO is a state and the 24th one.