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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Daniel Boone |
He blazed a trail through the Cumberland Gap which opened up Kentucky and allowed for more Western expansion |
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Lewis and Clark |
They explored the Northern part of the Louisiana Purchase |
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Jedediah Smith |
1) Mauled by a bear 2) Created trails in the Rocky Mountains 3) Fur trader |
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How did the frontier define America? |
1) Proves our independence 2) Strength and courage 3) Never give-up/perseverance Ex.- Donner Party, Jedediah Smith |
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How and why did the relationships with the Native Americans vary? |
1) There were many different tribes 2) Depends on what the settlers needed- if needed to trade they would be friendly, but if they just wanted to land they were horrible |
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What source of conflict existed with the Native Americans? |
Conflict over land |
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What was the significance of the Mississippi River? |
1) It was the main artery of trade that connected the north to the south 2) Main tributaries are the Missouri and Ohio and they connected the east to the west 3) Invention of the steamboat |
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Samuel Slater |
1) He constructed the first factory in the US in the 1790's in Rhode Island 2) It was a textile factory 3) It increased the demand for cotton |
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Eli Whitney |
1) He invented the cotton gin 2) He developed a system of interchangeable parts for rifles 3) Precursor to the assembly lines |
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Robert Fulton |
He perfected the first commercially successful steamboat |
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Cyrus McCormick |
1) He invented the mechanical reaper 2) Led to more efficient ways of getting wheat |
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John Deere |
He invented the mechanized plow |
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What was the impact of the cotton gin? |
1) "King Cotton"- cotton ruled the economy 2) Increased demand for cotton 3) Number one export by 1815 4) Demand for slave labor increased |
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How was the demand for slave labor met? |
1) Southerners began to breed slaves 2) Natural increase after slaves started "jumping the broom" |
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What was the impact of the steamboat? |
It increased American trade and communication |
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The First Factories |
1) Initial focus was textiles, but soon expanded 2) Corporations formed (businesses where investors purchase stock to minimize risk) |
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Francis Cabot Lowell |
1) He revolutionized the factory system in the US 2) He put all parts of textile production in one factory; more efficient 3) Hired women, immigrants, and children as young as five so they didn't have to give them as much money |
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The Waltham System |
1) Young, unmarried women 13-17 years old from New England farms working in the textile factories 2) They lived in boarding houses on company property 3) They worked 6 days a week, 12 hours a day 4) It was their small taste of independence |
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Immigrant workers |
1) Source of cheap labor 2) They came from Ireland in 1815 because of the Great Potato Blight, they also came form Germany, Scandinavian countries, Great Britain, and other parts of northwest Europe |
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Push factors for immigrants to come to the US |
1) War 2) Starvation 3) Political Persecution 4) Religious Persecution |
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Pull factors for immigrants to come to the US |
1) Economic opportunity 2) Religious freedom 3) Jobs- good wages 4) Lots of land 5) Political freedom |
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Effects of early industrialization |
1) Economic growth 2) Cotton Revolution 3) Increased disputes over banking and business issues |
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McCulloch verses Maryland |
1) 1819 2) The constitutionality of the National Bank is challenged 3) The decision is that the National Bank was constitutional 4) Used Loose Construction and the Elastic Clause |
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Gibbons versus Ogden |
1) 1824 2) Issue is who regulates interstate commerce 3) Decision is Congress regulates interstate commerce |
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What happened to the Democratic-Republicans in 1824? |
1) They became factionalized 2) The Democrats and The National Republicans 3) Andrew Jackson led the Democrats 4) Henry Clay led the National Republicans 5) The National Republicans were centered around their hatred of Andrew Jackson |
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The Candidates of the Election of 1824 |
1) John Quincy Adams 2) Henry Clay 3) William Crawford 4) Andrew Jackson- nicknamed "Old Hickory" |
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Results of the Election of 1824 |
1) Jackson won the popular vote but did not win a majority in the electoral congress 2) House of Representatives decided the election 3) Henry Clay influenced the house to choose Adams because he hated Jackson 4) John Quincy Adams was the winner |
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The "Corrupt Bargain" |
Jackson called Adams' appointment of Clay as Secretary of State was a corrupt bargain because he thought that maybe Adams' had told Clay that if he got people to vote for him he would have gotten him a job in the Cabinet |
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Candidates of the Election of 1828 |
1) Andrew Jackson- Democrat 2) John Quincy Adams- National Republican |
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Change of voting laws during the Election of 1828 |
1) Included the elimination of property qualifications 2) Now all white men could vote instead of just the ones with land |
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Campaigns of the Election of 1828 |
1) First campaign during a presidential election 2) Nastiest campaign in American history 3) Criticized personal flaws instead of political such as Jackson's wife |
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Results of the Election of 1828 |
Andrew Jackson won by a landslide because the new laws allowed all white men to vote and he was greatly supported by lower class farmers |
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The Spoils System |
1) System of reward 2) Jackson believed that everyone deserved a chance to work for the federal government 3) He said a politician should reward his supporters with government jobs 4) The system would cause the government to be inefficient because jobs are not based upon skill level 5) No consistency |
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Causes of the Nullification Crisis
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1) Tariff of 1828/ Tariff of Abomination 2) Tariff of 1832 which slightly lowered the Tariff of 1828 |
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South Carolina's Ordinance of Nullification |
They said they would not collect the tariff and they threatened secession |
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Jackson's Response to the Ordinance of Nullification |
1) He said a state must obey a national law and he made secession illegal 2) Congress created the Force Bill because they supported Jackson 3) It said that Jackson could use the military to enforce the law |
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Compromise of 1833 |
1) Henry Clay creates it 2) Promised to reduce the tariff over 10 years |
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Jackson's view of the Indians |
He thought that they were savages and needed to leave the land of Florida |
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The Indian Removal Act |
1) 1830 2) Authorized Jackson to trade land west of the Mississippi River for Indian land east of the Mississippi River |
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The Trail of Tears |
1) The forced march of Indians to land west of the Mississippi River 2) It was a horrible trip with little food or water and maybe of them died |
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Jackson's opinion of the National Bank |
1) He hated the bank and vowed to kill it 2) He thought it just helped the wealthy elite but he was for the common man |
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National Bank Renewal |
1) Henry Clay issued a bill before the election to renew the national bank so that if Jackson vetoed it people would be mad at him but it didn't work at all 2) Jackson vetoed the bill and it killed the renewal of the national bank but it existed but 4 more years because the bank wasn't supposed to be renewed for another 4 years |
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Election of 1832 |
1) The issue was the National Bank 2) Jackson won |
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Pet Banks |
1) Various state banks that Jackson favored 2) In order to completely kill the National Bank Jackson withdrew all the money from the National Bank and put it into various state banks |
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The Specie Circular |
1) 1836 2) Specie- gold or silver coin 3) Required gold or silver coin to be used to buy land 4) Led to an economic depression because nobody had gold or silver coins |
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The Texas Issue |
1) Texas gained independence from Spain and they immediately wanted to join the US 2) Jackson didn't admit Texas to the Union because he did not want to deal with the issue of slaves |
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Leader of the Democrats |
Andrew Jackson |
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Leader of the Whigs |
Henry Clay |
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Supporters of the Democrats |
1) Southerners 2) Farmers |
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Supporters of the Whigs |
1) Northeast
2) Business owners |
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Government Power for the Democrats |
1) Weaker central government 2) For state's rights |
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Government Power for the Whigs |
1) Strong central government 2) Against state's rights |
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Role of the government in the economy for the Democrats |
Limited role |
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Role of the government in the economy for the Whigs |
Active role |
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Tariffs for the Democrats |
Against tariffs |
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Tariffs for the Whigs |
For tarrifs |
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John Quincy Adams Administration |
1) He only served one term 2) He supported a strong federal government involved in the economy |
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The Tariff of 1828 |
1) The highest tariff in American history 2) Southerners opposed the tariff because they were unable to export enough cotton which caused the economy to go down 3) It was called "The Tariff of Abominations" because it was a monster tariff destroying the Southern economy |
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The South Carolina Exposition and Protest |
1) Secretly authored by John C. Calhoun 2) Reiterated "state's rights" |
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How many terms did John Quincy Adams serve? |
One term |
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What did John Quincy Adams support? |
He supported a strong federal government involved in the economy |
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The Tariff of 1828 |
1) The highest tariff in American history 2) Southerners opposed the tariff because they were unable to export enough cotton so the economy went down 3) It was known as the "Tariff of Abominations" so it was a monster tariff destroying the Southern economy |
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The South Carolina Exposition and Protest |
1) Secretly authored by John C. Calhoun 2) Reiterated the idea of "state's rights" |
