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477 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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administration |
the officials in the executive branch of government |
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precedent |
an act or statement that becomes a tradition to be followed |
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Cabinet |
the officials who head the major executive departments and advise the President |
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tariff |
a tax on imported goods |
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loose construction |
a broad interpretation of the Constitution relying on the implied powers of Congress |
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strict construction |
a narrow interpretation of the Constitution that limits Congress’s actions only to powers specifically granted by the Constitution |
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Whiskey Rebellion |
1794 protest by farmers in western Pennsylvania against an excise tax on whiskey |
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political party |
a group that seeks to win elections, hold public office and shape policy |
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Democratic Republicans |
political party that emerged in opposition Hamilton’s economic policies |
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The Judiciary Act of 1789... |
created a system of thirteen federal district courts |
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Whom did Washington choose to lead the State Department? |
Thomas Jefferson |
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What was a part ofAlexander Hamilton's plan for the nation's debt? |
developing a strong commercial government and industrial economy |
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The Whiskey Rebellion... |
led to the development of two distinct political groups (Federalists and Democratic Republicans) |
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Federalists favored... |
loose construction |
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Democratic Republicans favored... |
strict construction |
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Little Turtle |
Native American war chief who defeated forces sent to stop his attacks |
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Battle of Fallen Timbers |
1794 victory over Native Americans by General Anthony Wayne, led to the Treaty of Greenville and American control over Ohio |
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French Revolution |
1789 republican uprising in France against the monarchy that led to public executions and war with Britain |
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John Jay |
Chief Justice who negotiated a 1794 treaty with Britain that removed British soldiers from American lands, but maintained restrictions on American shipping |
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XYZ Affair |
incident in which French officials demanded bribes to stop French seizures of American shipping |
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Alien and Sedition Acts |
1798 Federalist laws to restrict public criticism and deport immigrants, most of whom supported Democratic Republicans |
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Virginia and Kentucky resolutions |
hinted that states had the power to nullify federal laws like the Alien and Sedition Acts, which some Democratic Republicans thought were unconstitutional |
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Aaron Burr |
In 1800, tied Jefferson in the electoral college but became Vice President after Hamilton urged Federalist congressmen to back Jefferson; later killed Hamilton in a duel |
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bureaucracy |
departments and workers that make up the government |
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John Marshall |
Federalist Chief Justice who established the Court’s power of judicial review |
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judicial review |
the power to decide if an act of Congress or the President is constitutional |
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Marbury v. Madison |
1803 Supreme Court case that established the Court as the final judge of the constitutionality of congressional actions
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Louisiana Purchase |
land between the Mississippi River and Rocky Mountains bought by the U.S. from France in 1803 |
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Lewis and Clark Expedition |
“Corps of Discovery” sent by Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Territory |
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Barbary War |
1801-1805 action against Barbary pirates who demanded protection money for U.S. shipping in the Mediterranean Sea |
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embargo |
a government order suspending trade, usually to force some action |
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impressment |
practice of forcing American for U.S. shipping in the Mediterranean sailors to serve in the British navy |
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Tecumseh |
Shawnee who attempted to unite the Indian nations to resist expansion by settlers |
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What happened to the Federalist party after the War of 1812? |
They were dismantled and considered traitors for trying to make their own treaty with Britain. |
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Battle of Tippecanoe |
Gov. William Henry Harrison defeated the Shawnee in 1811 |
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War Hawks |
nationalistic western and southern Congressmen who urged war with Britain in 1812 |
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War of 1812 |
war with Britain, 1812-1815 |
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Andrew Jackson |
defeated the Creek and Seminole Indians and then the British at New Orleans |
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Francis Scott Key |
penned “The Star Spangled Banner” during the British attack on Fort McHenry |
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"The Star-Spangled Banner” |
Key’s poem that later became the national anthem |
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Battle of New Orleans |
American victory by Andrew Jackson routing the British in January 1815 |
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Treaty of Ghent |
treaty ending the War of 1812 |
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Hartford Convention |
meeting of New England Federalists who opposed the War of 1812 |
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turnpike |
toll roads chartered by some states, named for the gate that guarded the entrance |
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turnpike |
toll roads chartered by some states, named for the gate that guarded the entrance |
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National Road |
successful road made of crushed stone that linked Maryland and the Ohio River |
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turnpike |
toll roads chartered by some states, named for the gate that guarded the entrance |
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National Road |
successful road made of crushed stone that linked Maryland and the Ohio River |
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Erie Canal |
waterway built to link Lake Erie and New York City via the Hudson River |
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turnpike |
toll roads chartered by some states, named for the gate that guarded the entrance |
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National Road |
successful road made of crushed stone that linked Maryland and the Ohio River |
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Erie Canal |
waterway built to link Lake Erie and New York City via the Hudson River |
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Industrial Revolution |
historic period that changed how people worked and lived as production shifted from manual labor to the use of machines |
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turnpike |
toll roads chartered by some states, named for the gate that guarded the entrance |
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National Road |
successful road made of crushed stone that linked Maryland and the Ohio River |
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Erie Canal |
waterway built to link Lake Erie and New York City via the Hudson River |
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Industrial Revolution |
historic period that changed how people worked and lived as production shifted from manual labor to the use of machines |
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Samuel Slater |
English emigrant who built America’s first water-powered textile mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island in 1793 |
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Francis Cabot Lowell |
merchant who developed an entire industrial system for all stages of manufacturing cloth in the town of Lowell |
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Francis Cabot Lowell |
merchant who developed an entire industrial system for all stages of manufacturing cloth in the town of Lowell |
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Lowell Girls |
young girls who worked in Lowell’s mills and lived in strictly supervised boarding houses |
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Francis Cabot Lowell |
merchant who developed an entire industrial system for all stages of manufacturing cloth in the town of Lowell |
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Lowell Girls |
young girls who worked in Lowell’s mills and lived in strictly supervised boarding houses |
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interchangeable parts |
the use of identical components that can replace each other, making a machine less expensive to produce or repair |
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Eli Witney |
inventor who introduced the use of interchangeable parts in the United States |
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Eli Witney |
inventor who introduced the use of interchangeable parts in the United States |
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Samuel F.B. Morse |
inventor of the electrical telegraph and Morse Code, a system of dots and dashes used to send messages over metal wires |
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Eli Witney |
inventor who introduced the use of interchangeable parts in the United States |
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Samuel F.B. Morse |
inventor of the electrical telegraph and Morse Code, a system of dots and dashes used to send messages over metal wires |
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What was the most important innovation of the Industrial Revolution? |
Cotton Gin |
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Tariff of 1816 |
a tax on imports designed to protect American industry |
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capital |
money used to invest in factories or other productive assets |
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capital |
money used to invest in factories or other productive assets |
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labor union |
a group of workers who unite to seek better pay and working conditions |
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capital |
money used to invest in factories or other productive assets |
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labor union |
a group of workers who unite to seek better pay and working conditions |
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nativist |
person opposed to immigrants and immigration |
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capital |
money used to invest in factories or other productive assets |
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labor union |
a group of workers who unite to seek better pay and working conditions |
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nativist |
person opposed to immigrants and immigration |
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cotton gin |
a machine invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 to quickly separate seeds from cotton fibers |
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nationalism |
a spirit of loyalty and devotion to one’s country |
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nationalism |
a spirit of loyalty and devotion to one’s country |
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Henry Clay |
a leading advocate of economic nationalism who proposed the American System |
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nationalism |
a spirit of loyalty and devotion to one’s country |
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Henry Clay |
a leading advocate of economic nationalism who proposed the American System |
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American System |
Clay’s plan for federally sponsored internal improvements and protective tariffs to promote commerce and link all sections of the U.S. |
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nationalism |
a spirit of loyalty and devotion to one’s country |
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Henry Clay |
a leading advocate of economic nationalism who proposed the American System |
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American System |
Clay’s plan for federally sponsored internal improvements and protective tariffs to promote commerce and link all sections of the U.S. |
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John Quincy Adams |
Secretary of State under James Madison and son of President John Adams |
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nationalism |
a spirit of loyalty and devotion to one’s country |
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Henry Clay |
a leading advocate of economic nationalism who proposed the American System |
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American System |
Clay’s plan for federally sponsored internal improvements and protective tariffs to promote commerce and link all sections of the U.S. |
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John Quincy Adams |
Secretary of State under James Madison and son of President John Adams |
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Adams-Onís Treaty |
treaty negotiated by John Quincy Adams to purchase Florida from Spain |
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nationalism |
a spirit of loyalty and devotion to one’s country |
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Henry Clay |
a leading advocate of economic nationalism who proposed the American System |
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American System |
Clay’s plan for federally sponsored internal improvements and protective tariffs to promote commerce and link all sections of the U.S. |
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John Quincy Adams |
Secretary of State under James Madison and son of President John Adams |
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Adams-Onís Treaty |
treaty negotiated by John Quincy Adams to purchase Florida from Spain |
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Monroe Doctrine |
policy warning European monarchies not to interfere with Latin American republics in return for U.S. non-interference |
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Missouri Compromise |
1820 compromise balancing the admission of Missouri as a slave state with the admission of Maine as a free state and setting a line across the continent dividing future free and slave states |
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caucus |
a meeting of party members for the purpose of choosing a candidate. |
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caucus |
a meeting of party members for the purpose of choosing a candidate. |
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Andrew Jackson |
popular war hero elected president as a Democrat in 1828 |
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caucus |
a meeting of party members for the purpose of choosing a candidate. |
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Andrew Jackson |
popular war hero elected president as a Democrat in 1828 |
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Martin Van Buren |
Jackson’s campaign manager who ran the first modern election campaign in 1828 |
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caucus |
a meeting of party members for the purpose of choosing a candidate. |
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Andrew Jackson |
popular war hero elected president as a Democrat in 1828 |
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Martin Van Buren |
Jackson’s campaign manager who ran the first modern election campaign in 1828 |
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Jacksonian Democracy |
a movement toward greater popular democracy and recognition of the common people as symbolized by Andrew Jackson |
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spoils system |
practice of giving government jobs to loyal party supporters |
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spoils system |
practice of giving government jobs to loyal party supporters |
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Indian Removal Act |
1830 Act forcing the relocation of the Five Civilized Tribes from the southeast to present day Oklahoma |
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spoils system |
practice of giving government jobs to loyal party supporters |
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Indian Removal Act |
1830 Act forcing the relocation of the Five Civilized Tribes from the southeast to present day Oklahoma |
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Trail of Tears |
forced march to Oklahoma in the winter of 1838, during which |
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spoils system |
practice of giving government jobs to loyal party supporters |
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Indian Removal Act |
1830 Act forcing the relocation of the Five Civilized Tribes from the southeast to present day Oklahoma |
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Trail of Tears |
forced march to Oklahoma in the winter of 1838, during which |
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Tariff of Abominations |
name that opponents from the agricultural south gave to the high protective tariff of 1828 |
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spoils system |
practice of giving government jobs to loyal party supporters |
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Indian Removal Act |
1830 Act forcing the relocation of the Five Civilized Tribes from the southeast to present day Oklahoma |
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Trail of Tears |
forced march to Oklahoma in the winter of 1838, during which |
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Tariff of Abominations |
name that opponents from the agricultural south gave to the high protective tariff of 1828 |
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John C. Calhoun |
vice president who resigned to lead South Carolina’s fight over nullification in the Senate |
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spoils system |
practice of giving government jobs to loyal party supporters |
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Indian Removal Act |
1830 Act forcing the relocation of the Five Civilized Tribes from the southeast to present day Oklahoma |
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Trail of Tears |
forced march to Oklahoma in the winter of 1838, during which |
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Tariff of Abominations |
name that opponents from the agricultural south gave to the high protective tariff of 1828 |
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John C. Calhoun |
vice president who resigned to lead South Carolina’s fight over nullification in the Senate |
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nullification |
concept that a state could void a federal law that it deemed unconstitutional |
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spoils system |
practice of giving government jobs to loyal party supporters |
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Indian Removal Act |
1830 Act forcing the relocation of the Five Civilized Tribes from the southeast to present day Oklahoma |
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Trail of Tears |
forced march to Oklahoma in the winter of 1838, during which |
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Tariff of Abominations |
name that opponents from the agricultural south gave to the high protective tariff of 1828 |
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John C. Calhoun |
vice president who resigned to lead South Carolina’s fight over nullification in the Senate |
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nullification |
concept that a state could void a federal law that it deemed unconstitutional |
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Whig |
member of a political party formed in the 1830s, favored a strong federal government, protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements |
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spoils system |
practice of giving government jobs to loyal party supporters |
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Indian Removal Act |
1830 Act forcing the relocation of the Five Civilized Tribes from the southeast to present day Oklahoma |
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Trail of Tears |
forced march to Oklahoma in the winter of 1838, during which |
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Tariff of Abominations |
name that opponents from the agricultural south gave to the high protective tariff of 1828 |
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John C. Calhoun |
vice president who resigned to lead South Carolina’s fight over nullification in the Senate |
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nullification |
concept that a state could void a federal law that it deemed unconstitutional |
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Whig |
member of a political party formed in the 1830s, favored a strong federal government, protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements |
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How did South Carolina react to the high tariff? |
South Carolina nullified the tariff and threatened to secede from the Union. |
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spoils system |
practice of giving government jobs to loyal party supporters |
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Indian Removal Act |
1830 Act forcing the relocation of the Five Civilized Tribes from the southeast to present day Oklahoma |
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Trail of Tears |
forced march to Oklahoma in the winter of 1838, during which |
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Tariff of Abominations |
name that opponents from the agricultural south gave to the high protective tariff of 1828 |
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John C. Calhoun |
vice president who resigned to lead South Carolina’s fight over nullification in the Senate |
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nullification |
concept that a state could void a federal law that it deemed unconstitutional |
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Whig |
member of a political party formed in the 1830s, favored a strong federal government, protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements |
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How did South Carolina react to the high tariff? |
South Carolina nullified the tariff and threatened to secede from the Union. |
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Why did Jackson and his supporters oppose the National Bank? |
They felt that it only benefited the rich. |
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Junipero Serra |
Franciscan priest who set up a series of missions along the California coast |
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Junipero Serra |
Franciscan priest who set up a series of missions along the California coast |
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expansioninst |
American who favored territorial growth |
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Manifest Destiny |
belief that God wanted the United States to own all of North America |
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Manifest Destiny |
belief that God wanted the United States to own all of North America |
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Santa Fe Trail |
wagon trail trade route between Missouri and Santa Fe, New Mexico |
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Manifest Destiny |
belief that God wanted the United States to own all of North America |
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Santa Fe Trail |
wagon trail trade route between Missouri and Santa Fe, New Mexico |
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Mountain Men |
American hunters and trappers who blazed trails into the Rockies in the early 1800s |
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Manifest Destiny |
belief that God wanted the United States to own all of North America |
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Santa Fe Trail |
wagon trail trade route between Missouri and Santa Fe, New Mexico |
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Mountain Men |
American hunters and trappers who blazed trails into the Rockies in the early 1800s |
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Oregon Trail |
trail from Independence, Missouri to Oregon that was used by pioneers in the mid-1800s |
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Manifest Destiny |
belief that God wanted the United States to own all of North America |
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Santa Fe Trail |
wagon trail trade route between Missouri and Santa Fe, New Mexico |
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Mountain Men |
American hunters and trappers who blazed trails into the Rockies in the early 1800s |
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Oregon Trail |
trail from Independence, Missouri to Oregon that was used by pioneers in the mid-1800s |
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Brigham Young |
Mormon leader who brought his religious group to Utah in 1847 |
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Manifest Destiny |
belief that God wanted the United States to own all of North America |
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Santa Fe Trail |
wagon trail trade route between Missouri and Santa Fe, New Mexico |
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Mountain Men |
American hunters and trappers who blazed trails into the Rockies in the early 1800s |
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Oregon Trail |
trail from Independence, Missouri to Oregon that was used by pioneers in the mid-1800s |
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Brigham Young |
Mormon leader who brought his religious group to Utah in 1847 |
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Treaty of Fort Laramie |
1851 treaty that restricted the Plains Indians to territories away from the overland wagon routes |
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Manifest Destiny |
belief that God wanted the United States to own all of North America |
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Santa Fe Trail |
wagon trail trade route between Missouri and Santa Fe, New Mexico |
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Mountain Men |
American hunters and trappers who blazed trails into the Rockies in the early 1800s |
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Oregon Trail |
trail from Independence, Missouri to Oregon that was used by pioneers in the mid-1800s |
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Brigham Young |
Mormon leader who brought his religious group to Utah in 1847 |
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Treaty of Fort Laramie |
1851 treaty that restricted the Plains Indians to territories away from the overland wagon routes |
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Joseph Smith |
original Mormon leader |
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Manifest Destiny |
belief that God wanted the United States to own all of North America |
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Santa Fe Trail |
wagon trail trade route between Missouri and Santa Fe, New Mexico |
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Mountain Men |
American hunters and trappers who blazed trails into the Rockies in the early 1800s |
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Oregon Trail |
trail from Independence, Missouri to Oregon that was used by pioneers in the mid-1800s |
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Brigham Young |
Mormon leader who brought his religious group to Utah in 1847 |
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Treaty of Fort Laramie |
1851 treaty that restricted the Plains Indians to territories away from the overland wagon routes |
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Joseph Smith |
original Mormon leader |
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Stephen Austin |
leader of American emigrants who settled in Austin, Texas |
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Antonio López de Santa Anna |
charismatic general who seized power of Mexico in 1834 |
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Antonio López de Santa Anna |
charismatic general who seized power of Mexico in 1834 |
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autonomy |
independent control over one’s affairs |
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Antonio López de Santa Anna |
charismatic general who seized power of Mexico in 1834 |
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autonomy |
independent control over one’s affairs |
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Lone Star Republic |
new nation created by Texans in 1835 |
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Antonio López de Santa Anna |
charismatic general who seized power of Mexico in 1834 |
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autonomy |
independent control over one’s affairs |
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Lone Star Republic |
new nation created by Texans in 1835 |
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Alamo |
Texas garrison where Santa Anna executed all the defenders following battle in 1836 |
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Sam Houston |
Texas army commander, President, territorial governor, and later senator |
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James K. Polk |
Southern Democrat and expansionist elected President in 1844 |
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James K. Polk |
Southern Democrat and expansionist elected President in 1844 |
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Zachary Taylor |
general who led troops at the borderland between Mexico and the U.S. in 1846 |
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James K. Polk |
Southern Democrat and expansionist elected President in 1844 |
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Zachary Taylor |
general who led troops at the borderland between Mexico and the U.S. in 1846 |
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Winfield Scott |
general who invaded Mexico winning at Vera Cruz in 1847 |
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James K. Polk |
Southern Democrat and expansionist elected President in 1844 |
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Zachary Taylor |
general who led troops at the borderland between Mexico and the U.S. in 1846 |
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Winfield Scott |
general who invaded Mexico winning at Vera Cruz in 1847 |
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How did Texas come to be dominated by American settlers? |
Mexico invited Americans to settle there and they were given cheap land grants if they agreed to accept Mexican customs. |
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James K. Polk |
Southern Democrat and expansionist elected President in 1844 |
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Zachary Taylor |
general who led troops at the borderland between Mexico and the U.S. in 1846 |
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Winfield Scott |
general who invaded Mexico winning at Vera Cruz in 1847 |
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How did Texas come to be dominated by American settlers? |
Mexico invited Americans to settle there and they were given cheap land grants if they agreed to accept Mexican customs. |
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What was Polk's reason for declaring war in Mexico? |
There was a border clash between US and Mexican troops in which Americans were killed. |
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James K. Polk |
Southern Democrat and expansionist elected President in 1844 |
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Zachary Taylor |
general who led troops at the borderland between Mexico and the U.S. in 1846 |
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Winfield Scott |
general who invaded Mexico winning at Vera Cruz in 1847 |
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How did Texas come to be dominated by American settlers? |
Mexico invited Americans to settle there and they were given cheap land grants if they agreed to accept Mexican customs. |
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What was Polk's reason for declaring war in Mexico? |
There was a border clash between US and Mexican troops in which Americans were killed. |
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
1848 agreement formally ending the Mexican–American War, included the sale of Mexican territory to the U.S |
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James K. Polk |
Southern Democrat and expansionist elected President in 1844 |
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Zachary Taylor |
general who led troops at the borderland between Mexico and the U.S. in 1846 |
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Winfield Scott |
general who invaded Mexico winning at Vera Cruz in 1847 |
|
|
How did Texas come to be dominated by American settlers? |
Mexico invited Americans to settle there and they were given cheap land grants if they agreed to accept Mexican customs. |
|
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What was Polk's reason for declaring war in Mexico? |
There was a border clash between US and Mexican troops in which Americans were killed. |
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
1848 agreement formally ending the Mexican–American War, included the sale of Mexican territory to the U.S |
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Gadsden Purchase |
1853 sale of Mexican territory in Arizona and New Mexico to the U.S. |
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James K. Polk |
Southern Democrat and expansionist elected President in 1844 |
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Zachary Taylor |
general who led troops at the borderland between Mexico and the U.S. in 1846 |
|
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Winfield Scott |
general who invaded Mexico winning at Vera Cruz in 1847 |
|
|
How did Texas come to be dominated by American settlers? |
Mexico invited Americans to settle there and they were given cheap land grants if they agreed to accept Mexican customs. |
|
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What was Polk's reason for declaring war in Mexico? |
There was a border clash between US and Mexican troops in which Americans were killed. |
|
|
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
1848 agreement formally ending the Mexican–American War, included the sale of Mexican territory to the U.S |
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Gadsden Purchase |
1853 sale of Mexican territory in Arizona and New Mexico to the U.S. |
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Wilmot Provisio |
proposed law that would have banned slavery in territory obtained from Mexico |
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California Gold Rush |
mass migration of gold seekers into California in 1848 and 1849 |
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California Gold Rush |
mass migration of gold seekers into California in 1848 and 1849 |
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forty-niners |
those attracted to California by the Gold Rush in 1849 |
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California Gold Rush |
mass migration of gold seekers into California in 1848 and 1849 |
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forty-niners |
those attracted to California by the Gold Rush in 1849 |
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placer mining |
use of metal pans, picks, and shovels to look for gold along streams and rivers |
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California Gold Rush |
mass migration of gold seekers into California in 1848 and 1849 |
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forty-niners |
those attracted to California by the Gold Rush in 1849 |
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placer mining |
use of metal pans, picks, and shovels to look for gold along streams and rivers |
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hydraulic mining |
use of jets of water that erode hillsides into long sluiceways to catch gold |
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California Gold Rush |
mass migration of gold seekers into California in 1848 and 1849 |
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forty-niners |
those attracted to California by the Gold Rush in 1849 |
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placer mining |
use of metal pans, picks, and shovels to look for gold along streams and rivers |
|
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hydraulic mining |
use of jets of water that erode hillsides into long sluiceways to catch gold |
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Wilmot Provisio |
outlawed slavery in lands won from Mexico |
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California Gold Rush |
mass migration of gold seekers into California in 1848 and 1849 |
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forty-niners |
those attracted to California by the Gold Rush in 1849 |
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|
placer mining |
use of metal pans, picks, and shovels to look for gold along streams and rivers |
|
|
hydraulic mining |
use of jets of water that erode hillsides into long sluiceways to catch gold |
|
|
Wilmot Provisio |
outlawed slavery in lands won from Mexico |
|
|
Free-Soil Party |
a political party that promised free soil, free speech, free labor, and free men |
|
|
California Gold Rush |
mass migration of gold seekers into California in 1848 and 1849 |
|
|
forty-niners |
those attracted to California by the Gold Rush in 1849 |
|
|
placer mining |
use of metal pans, picks, and shovels to look for gold along streams and rivers |
|
|
hydraulic mining |
use of jets of water that erode hillsides into long sluiceways to catch gold |
|
|
Wilmot Provisio |
outlawed slavery in lands won from Mexico |
|
|
Free-Soil Party |
a political party that promised free soil, free speech, free labor, and free men |
|
|
popular sovereignty |
followers believed a territory’s voters should decide themselves whether to allow slavery |
|
|
California Gold Rush |
mass migration of gold seekers into California in 1848 and 1849 |
|
|
forty-niners |
those attracted to California by the Gold Rush in 1849 |
|
|
placer mining |
use of metal pans, picks, and shovels to look for gold along streams and rivers |
|
|
hydraulic mining |
use of jets of water that erode hillsides into long sluiceways to catch gold |
|
|
Wilmot Provisio |
outlawed slavery in lands won from Mexico |
|
|
Free-Soil Party |
a political party that promised free soil, free speech, free labor, and free men |
|
|
popular sovereignty |
followers believed a territory’s voters should decide themselves whether to allow slavery |
|
|
secede |
to break away, especially from the Union |
|
|
California Gold Rush |
mass migration of gold seekers into California in 1848 and 1849 |
|
|
forty-niners |
those attracted to California by the Gold Rush in 1849 |
|
|
placer mining |
use of metal pans, picks, and shovels to look for gold along streams and rivers |
|
|
hydraulic mining |
use of jets of water that erode hillsides into long sluiceways to catch gold |
|
|
Wilmot Provisio |
outlawed slavery in lands won from Mexico |
|
|
Free-Soil Party |
a political party that promised free soil, free speech, free labor, and free men |
|
|
popular sovereignty |
followers believed a territory’s voters should decide themselves whether to allow slavery |
|
|
secede |
to break away, especially from the Union |
|
|
Compromise of 1850 |
legislation designed to avoid division between North and South over slavery |
|
|
California Gold Rush |
mass migration of gold seekers into California in 1848 and 1849 |
|
|
forty-niners |
those attracted to California by the Gold Rush in 1849 |
|
|
placer mining |
use of metal pans, picks, and shovels to look for gold along streams and rivers |
|
|
hydraulic mining |
use of jets of water that erode hillsides into long sluiceways to catch gold |
|
|
Wilmot Provisio |
outlawed slavery in lands won from Mexico |
|
|
Free-Soil Party |
a political party that promised free soil, free speech, free labor, and free men |
|
|
popular sovereignty |
followers believed a territory’s voters should decide themselves whether to allow slavery |
|
|
secede |
to break away, especially from the Union |
|
|
Compromise of 1850 |
legislation designed to avoid division between North and South over slavery |
|
|
Fugitive Slave Act |
stringent laws that required citizens to apprehend fugitive slaves |
|
|
personal liberty laws |
laws passed in the North that nullified the Fugitive Slave Act |
|
|
personal liberty laws |
laws passed in the North that nullified the Fugitive Slave Act |
|
|
Underground Railroad |
a secret network of people who helped slaves escape the South |
|
|
personal liberty laws |
laws passed in the North that nullified the Fugitive Slave Act |
|
|
Underground Railroad |
a secret network of people who helped slaves escape the South |
|
|
Harriet Tubman |
a woman who led slaves into freedom through the Underground Railroad |
|
|
personal liberty laws |
laws passed in the North that nullified the Fugitive Slave Act |
|
|
Underground Railroad |
a secret network of people who helped slaves escape the South |
|
|
Harriet Tubman |
a woman who led slaves into freedom through the Underground Railroad |
|
|
Harriet Beecher Stowe |
wrote a best-selling novel that condemned slavery |
|
|
personal liberty laws |
laws passed in the North that nullified the Fugitive Slave Act |
|
|
Underground Railroad |
a secret network of people who helped slaves escape the South |
|
|
Harriet Tubman |
a woman who led slaves into freedom through the Underground Railroad |
|
|
Harriet Beecher Stowe |
wrote a best-selling novel that condemned slavery |
|
|
Kansas-Nebraska Act |
divided Nebraska region into two territories, giving voters in each area the right to decide whether or not to allow slavery |
|
|
personal liberty laws |
laws passed in the North that nullified the Fugitive Slave Act |
|
|
Underground Railroad |
a secret network of people who helped slaves escape the South |
|
|
Harriet Tubman |
a woman who led slaves into freedom through the Underground Railroad |
|
|
Harriet Beecher Stowe |
wrote a best-selling novel that condemned slavery |
|
|
Kansas-Nebraska Act |
divided Nebraska region into two territories, giving voters in each area the right to decide whether or not to allow slavery |
|
|
John Brown |
a New York abolitionist who used violence |
|
|
personal liberty laws |
laws passed in the North that nullified the Fugitive Slave Act |
|
|
Underground Railroad |
a secret network of people who helped slaves escape the South |
|
|
Harriet Tubman |
a woman who led slaves into freedom through the Underground Railroad |
|
|
Harriet Beecher Stowe |
wrote a best-selling novel that condemned slavery |
|
|
Kansas-Nebraska Act |
divided Nebraska region into two territories, giving voters in each area the right to decide whether or not to allow slavery |
|
|
John Brown |
a New York abolitionist who used violence |
|
|
"Bleeding Kansas" |
term used to describe Kansas, where there was violence between proslavery and antislavery supporters |
|
|
Know-Nothings |
members of anti-immigrant movement |
|
|
Know-Nothings |
members of anti-immigrant movement |
|
|
Republican Party |
political party founded in 1854 that opposed slavery |
|
|
Know-Nothings |
members of anti-immigrant movement |
|
|
Republican Party |
political party founded in 1854 that opposed slavery |
|
|
Dred Scott |
a Missouri slave who sued for his freedom |
|
|
Know-Nothings |
members of anti-immigrant movement |
|
|
Republican Party |
political party founded in 1854 that opposed slavery |
|
|
Dred Scott |
a Missouri slave who sued for his freedom |
|
|
Roger B. Taney |
chief justice of Supreme Court that ruled against Scott |
|
|
Abraham Lincoln |
Republican politician from Illinois who opposed Kansas-Nebraska Act |
|
|
Abraham Lincoln |
Republican politician from Illinois who opposed Kansas-Nebraska Act |
|
|
Stephen A. Douglas |
an Illinois politician, rival to Lincoln, who supported Kansas-Nebraska Act |
|
|
Abraham Lincoln |
Republican politician from Illinois who opposed Kansas-Nebraska Act |
|
|
Stephen A. Douglas |
an Illinois politician, rival to Lincoln, who supported Kansas-Nebraska Act |
|
|
Harper's Ferry |
Location of federal arsenal that John Brown tried to seize and start a revolution that would destroy slavery |
|
|
Jefferson Davis |
Mississippi senator who became president of the Confederacy |
|
|
John C. Breckinridge |
Southern Democrat nominated for president in the 1860 election |
|
|
John C. Breckinridge |
Southern Democrat nominated for president in the 1860 election |
|
|
Confederate States of America |
formed in February 1861 by seven states that left the Union |
|
|
John C. Breckinridge |
Southern Democrat nominated for president in the 1860 election |
|
|
Confederate States of America |
formed in February 1861 by seven states that left the Union |
|
|
Crittenden Compromise |
proposed constitutional amendment allowing slavery in all territories south of the Missouri Compromise line |
|
|
John C. Breckinridge |
Southern Democrat nominated for president in the 1860 election |
|
|
Confederate States of America |
formed in February 1861 by seven states that left the Union |
|
|
Crittenden Compromise |
proposed constitutional amendment allowing slavery in all territories south of the Missouri Compromise line |
|
|
Fort Sumter |
federal fort in Charleston, South Carolina, where first shots of Civil War were fired |
|
|
blockade |
preventing merchant vessels with trade goods from entering or leaving ports |
|
|
blockade |
preventing merchant vessels with trade goods from entering or leaving ports |
|
|
Robert E. Lee |
military leader from Virginia who left the Union army to command the southern army |
|
|
blockade |
preventing merchant vessels with trade goods from entering or leaving ports |
|
|
Robert E. Lee |
military leader from Virginia who left the Union army to command the southern army |
|
|
Anaconda Plan |
a Union military plan for defeating the South by dividing the Confederacy in two |
|
|
blockade |
preventing merchant vessels with trade goods from entering or leaving ports |
|
|
Robert E. Lee |
military leader from Virginia who left the Union army to command the southern army |
|
|
Anaconda Plan |
a Union military plan for defeating the South by dividing the Confederacy in two |
|
|
border states |
4 states that bordered Southern states, allowed slavery but did not join the Confederacy |
|
|
blockade |
preventing merchant vessels with trade goods from entering or leaving ports |
|
|
Robert E. Lee |
military leader from Virginia who left the Union army to command the southern army |
|
|
Anaconda Plan |
a Union military plan for defeating the South by dividing the Confederacy in two |
|
|
border states |
4 states that bordered Southern states, allowed slavery but did not join the Confederacy |
|
|
Stonewall Jackson |
Confederate military hero who refused to yield to the Union army at Bull Run |
|
|
George B. McClellan |
second leader of the Union army |
|
|
George B. McClellan |
second leader of the Union army |
|
|
Ulysses S. Grant |
successful Union general who eventually became the leader of the Union army |
|
|
George B. McClellan |
second leader of the Union army |
|
|
Ulysses S. Grant |
successful Union general who eventually became the leader of the Union army |
|
|
Shiloh |
tragic battle in Tennessee that shocked both North and South by the horrors of the war |
|
|
George B. McClellan |
second leader of the Union army |
|
|
Ulysses S. Grant |
successful Union general who eventually became the leader of the Union army |
|
|
Shiloh |
tragic battle in Tennessee that shocked both North and South by the horrors of the war |
|
|
cotraband |
captured war supplies |
|
|
George B. McClellan |
second leader of the Union army |
|
|
Ulysses S. Grant |
successful Union general who eventually became the leader of the Union army |
|
|
Shiloh |
tragic battle in Tennessee that shocked both North and South by the horrors of the war |
|
|
cotraband |
captured war supplies |
|
|
Antietam |
the bloodiest battle in a single day of the Civil War |
|
|
George B. McClellan |
second leader of the Union army |
|
|
Ulysses S. Grant |
successful Union general who eventually became the leader of the Union army |
|
|
Shiloh |
tragic battle in Tennessee that shocked both North and South by the horrors of the war |
|
|
cotraband |
captured war supplies |
|
|
Antietam |
the bloodiest battle in a single day of the Civil War |
|
|
Emancipation Proclamation |
freed all enslaved people living in the states of the rebellion |
|
|
George B. McClellan |
second leader of the Union army |
|
|
Ulysses S. Grant |
successful Union general who eventually became the leader of the Union army |
|
|
Shiloh |
tragic battle in Tennessee that shocked both North and South by the horrors of the war |
|
|
cotraband |
captured war supplies |
|
|
Antietam |
the bloodiest battle in a single day of the Civil War |
|
|
Emancipation Proclamation |
freed all enslaved people living in the states of the rebellion |
|
|
Militia Act |
mandated that black soldiers be accepted into the military |
|
|
George B. McClellan |
second leader of the Union army |
|
|
Ulysses S. Grant |
successful Union general who eventually became the leader of the Union army |
|
|
Shiloh |
tragic battle in Tennessee that shocked both North and South by the horrors of the war |
|
|
cotraband |
captured war supplies |
|
|
Antietam |
the bloodiest battle in a single day of the Civil War |
|
|
Emancipation Proclamation |
freed all enslaved people living in the states of the rebellion |
|
|
Militia Act |
mandated that black soldiers be accepted into the military |
|
|
54th Massachusetts Regiment |
all black regiment known for its bravery |
|
|
George B. McClellan |
second leader of the Union army |
|
|
Ulysses S. Grant |
successful Union general who eventually became the leader of the Union army |
|
|
Shiloh |
tragic battle in Tennessee that shocked both North and South by the horrors of the war |
|
|
cotraband |
captured war supplies |
|
|
Antietam |
the bloodiest battle in a single day of the Civil War |
|
|
Emancipation Proclamation |
freed all enslaved people living in the states of the rebellion |
|
|
Militia Act |
mandated that black soldiers be accepted into the military |
|
|
54th Massachusetts Regiment |
all black regiment known for its bravery |
|
|
income tax |
tax based on individual’s earnings to help pay for the war |
|
|
George B. McClellan |
second leader of the Union army |
|
|
Ulysses S. Grant |
successful Union general who eventually became the leader of the Union army |
|
|
Shiloh |
tragic battle in Tennessee that shocked both North and South by the horrors of the war |
|
|
cotraband |
captured war supplies |
|
|
Antietam |
the bloodiest battle in a single day of the Civil War |
|
|
Emancipation Proclamation |
freed all enslaved people living in the states of the rebellion |
|
|
Militia Act |
mandated that black soldiers be accepted into the military |
|
|
54th Massachusetts Regiment |
all black regiment known for its bravery |
|
|
income tax |
tax based on individual’s earnings to help pay for the war |
|
|
bond |
a certificate bought from the government that promises to pay back the purchase amount plus interest |
|
|
George B. McClellan |
second leader of the Union army |
|
|
Homestead Act |
made western land available at low cost to those who would farm the land |
|
|
Ulysses S. Grant |
successful Union general who eventually became the leader of the Union army |
|
|
Shiloh |
tragic battle in Tennessee that shocked both North and South by the horrors of the war |
|
|
cotraband |
captured war supplies |
|
|
Antietam |
the bloodiest battle in a single day of the Civil War |
|
|
Emancipation Proclamation |
freed all enslaved people living in the states of the rebellion |
|
|
Militia Act |
mandated that black soldiers be accepted into the military |
|
|
54th Massachusetts Regiment |
all black regiment known for its bravery |
|
|
income tax |
tax based on individual’s earnings to help pay for the war |
|
|
bond |
a certificate bought from the government that promises to pay back the purchase amount plus interest |
|
|
George B. McClellan |
second leader of the Union army |
|
|
Homestead Act |
made western land available at low cost to those who would farm the land |
|
|
conscription |
drafting men to fight in a war |
|
|
Ulysses S. Grant |
successful Union general who eventually became the leader of the Union army |
|
|
Shiloh |
tragic battle in Tennessee that shocked both North and South by the horrors of the war |
|
|
cotraband |
captured war supplies |
|
|
Antietam |
the bloodiest battle in a single day of the Civil War |
|
|
Emancipation Proclamation |
freed all enslaved people living in the states of the rebellion |
|
|
Militia Act |
mandated that black soldiers be accepted into the military |
|
|
54th Massachusetts Regiment |
all black regiment known for its bravery |
|
|
income tax |
tax based on individual’s earnings to help pay for the war |
|
|
bond |
a certificate bought from the government that promises to pay back the purchase amount plus interest |
|
|
George B. McClellan |
second leader of the Union army |
|
|
Homestead Act |
made western land available at low cost to those who would farm the land |
|
|
conscription |
drafting men to fight in a war |
|
|
Copperhead |
northern Democrats who opposed the war |
|
|
Ulysses S. Grant |
successful Union general who eventually became the leader of the Union army |
|
|
Shiloh |
tragic battle in Tennessee that shocked both North and South by the horrors of the war |
|
|
cotraband |
captured war supplies |
|
|
Antietam |
the bloodiest battle in a single day of the Civil War |
|
|
Emancipation Proclamation |
freed all enslaved people living in the states of the rebellion |
|
|
Militia Act |
mandated that black soldiers be accepted into the military |
|
|
54th Massachusetts Regiment |
all black regiment known for its bravery |
|
|
income tax |
tax based on individual’s earnings to help pay for the war |
|
|
bond |
a certificate bought from the government that promises to pay back the purchase amount plus interest |
|
|
George B. McClellan |
second leader of the Union army |
|
|
Homestead Act |
made western land available at low cost to those who would farm the land |
|
|
conscription |
drafting men to fight in a war |
|
|
Copperhead |
northern Democrats who opposed the war |
|
|
habeas corpus |
prevents a person from being held in jail without being charged of a specific crime |
|
|
Ulysses S. Grant |
successful Union general who eventually became the leader of the Union army |
|
|
Shiloh |
tragic battle in Tennessee that shocked both North and South by the horrors of the war |
|
|
cotraband |
captured war supplies |
|
|
Antietam |
the bloodiest battle in a single day of the Civil War |
|
|
Emancipation Proclamation |
freed all enslaved people living in the states of the rebellion |
|
|
Militia Act |
mandated that black soldiers be accepted into the military |
|
|
54th Massachusetts Regiment |
all black regiment known for its bravery |
|
|
income tax |
tax based on individual’s earnings to help pay for the war |
|
|
bond |
a certificate bought from the government that promises to pay back the purchase amount plus interest |
|
|
inflation |
when prices of common items soar |
|
|
inflation |
when prices of common items soar |
|
|
Clara Barton |
gained approval for nursing Civil War soldiers as part of the official military effort and later founded the American Red Cross |
