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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What event happened in terms of construction in 1926? |
Florida Land Boom - people bought large areas - money ran out - left buildings unfinished - signified economy deteriorating |
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When was the first transatlantic flight? And who took it? |
1927 Charles Limburgh Spirit of St Louis USA to Paris |
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How many planes were made a year in the 1920s? |
20,000 |
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How many passengers a year were on a plane? |
400,000 |
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Define 'on the margin' |
Banks providing the majority of the money in order for someone to buy something/shares. |
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What were the 3 major boom industries? |
Construction, Aviation and the Stock Market |
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Who was it believed America was controlled by in the 1920s? |
WASPs - White, Anglo-Saxon Protestants |
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When was the mass immigration in America? And how many immigrated? |
8 million between 1900-1909 from South and East Europe. |
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What was the major issue with mass immigration? |
Language barrier between immigrants and US citizens - immigrants not assimilating. |
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What was the Red Scare? |
The fear of Communism spreading across America. |
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Name 3 examples of Xenophobia in America. |
1. Saurkraut renamed Liberty Cabbage. 2. Beethoven's music banned. 3. Cronaca Sovverisiva - Italian newspaper that spoke against the war effort was closed down. |
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How much did the membership of the KKK increase by? And in what years? |
1920 - 100,000 members 1925 - 5 million members |
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Which important members of society were members? And what did this do for the KKK? |
Police officers, judges, senators, lawyers. Increased political influence. |
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What did the KKK do in the 1924 Presidential Election? |
Blocked the nomination of Al Smith. Shows the level of their influence. |
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Who was Al Smith? |
Governor of New York. Brash, Irish Catholic. Northern city boy. |
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Who was DC Stephenson? And what was his famous quote? |
Grand Dragon - head of the KKK in Indiana. "I am the law in Indiana." Speculation that he'd be the next President (1924). |
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What were the reasons for the demise of the KKK? |
1) DC Stephenson going on trial 2) Corruption. 3) Anti-Immigration Acts 4) Miram Evans |
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Why did the anti-immigration acts impact the influence of the KKK? |
Government already completing aims of KKK. Raisin d'etre - reason to be of KKK was lost. |
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What did Miram Evans do that ended the KKK? |
Tried to turn it into a social club. |
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Who was Miram Evans? |
Imperial Wizard of KKK. |
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What event happened in 1924 that showed the KKK had lost its impact? |
Al Smith stood for President in 1928. |
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Give 2 examples of racism in America. |
1. African American's migrated north for jobs - led to race riots. 2. African American's came back angry from the war - fought for a country they have no rights in - whites believed they were cocky/arrogant. |
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When were the Anti-Immigration Acts? |
1917, 1921, 1924, 1924 and 1929 |
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What was the 1917 Anti-Immigration Act? And what did it do? |
Immigration Act - barred immigrants that couldn't speak English - introduced under Democrats |
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What was the 1921 Anti-Immigration Act? And what did it do? |
Emergency Quota Act - reduced immigration from South and East Europe - first Republican Act |
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What was the first 1924 Anti-Immigration Act? And what did it do? |
National Origins Act - reduced quota for immigrants to 2% of 1890 census - introduced during high KKK influence |
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What was the second 1924 Anti-Immigration Act? And what did it do? |
Johnson-Reed Immigration Act - banned any immigration from Japan - introduced during high KKK influence |
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What was the 1929 Anti-Immigration Act? And what did it do? |
(unnamed) - only 15,000 immigrants allowed each year - 85% from north and west Europe - less chance of Communist immigrants |
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What did Coolidge say about America that increased racism? |
"America must be kept American." |
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What did Hoover do that increased racism? |
Instructed employers not to employ Asian/African American's because they were of low mental order. |
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What did Madison Grant believe was the cause of an increase in racism? |
Scientific racists. |
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What was the title of Madison Grant's book? And what did Hitler refer to it as? |
'The Passing of the Great Race' and 'My Bible' |
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What did Madison Grant believe would happen to America? |
US would die out with mental disabilities and different races. |
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When, where and why did the KKK originally form? |
Pulaski, Tennessee (1866), during reconstruction era. Carpet Baggers moved to the South to rebuild the South. KKK protecting South from Carpet Baggers. |
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Explain the origin of the re-birth of the KKK. |
William Simmonds (1915). 'The Klansman' book made into film 'The Birth of a Nation.' Directed by DW Griffith, 25000 at premiere. |
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Where was there support for the KKK in America? |
Midwest/West/Southwest. Indiana became the hotspot. Less support in the North and East. |
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How much were Prohibition Agents paid? |
$2500 a year. Less than garbage men. |
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How much alcohol consumption was there in America? |
By 1929, 70% more than pre-war levels. |
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How much alcohol was smuggled into America? |
$800 million worth (1924). |
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What did the New York Telegram do? |
Employed chemists to test 341 samples of alcohol. Found sulphuric acid and kerosene etc. 1/6 samples were threatening to health. |
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Who was George Remus? |
King of the Bootleggers. made $5 million in 5 years. |
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What did John Torrio do? |
Started illegal alcohol organisation. Retired with $30 million in his savings (1925). |
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Who succeeded John Torrio? |
Al Capone |
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How did Al Capone and John Torrio differ? |
Torrio - negotiation. Capone - turf wars/violence. |
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What was Chicago during Prohibition? |
Prime spot for gangsters. |
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How many gangsters did Capone employ? How many did they kill? |
700 gangsters killed 300 people. |
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What was the Saint Valentines Day Massacre? |
5 of Capone's gangsters dressed as police officers. Fake arrested and killed 7 members of Bugs Moran gang. |
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Give one example of a corrupt Federal agent. |
Sold illegal licenses/pardons to bootleggers. Made $7 million. |
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What decreased due to Prohibition? |
Arrests for drunkenness. Number of accidents. Work place accidents/deaths. |
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What increased due to Prohibition? |
Sale and consumption of soft drinks. |
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What did Coca-Cola become? |
The Grand National Temperance Drink. |
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What did George W. Wickersham do? |
Appointed as Head of the Committee to study the 18th Amendment by President Hoover. |
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What did George W. Wickersham find? |
Prohibition couldn't be enforced, wanted it to be carried on anyway. |
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What happened in 1929 and 1931 regarding the Campaign for Repeal of Prohibition? |
1929 - Wickersham report was commissioned. 1931 - report published, had no effect on Prohibition. |
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What act was introduced regarding Prohibition? |
Beer Act - allowed the production of beer. Redefined the definition of intoxication. |
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When was the Beer Act introduced? |
1933 |
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What was Roosevelt's campaign song? |
Happy Days Are Here Again |
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How many agents were fined for corruption? And between which years? |
10% between 1920 and 1930. |
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Who was Colonel Ned Green? What did he do? |
Prohibition Administrator for Northern California. Held cocktail parties in the Prohibition offices in San Fran. Suspended in summer of 1926. |
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Who was Big Bill Thompson? What did he do? |
Mayer of Chicago. Controlled by Al Capone. Allowed gangsters to function unmolested. $1 million went mission from public funds. |
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What was the most routine procedure in terms of corruption during Prohibition? |
Bribery. Average speakeasy gave $400 a month in bribes to police officers/city officials. $150 million a year in bribes in NYC. |
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What was a speakeasy? |
A venue where alcohol was sold illegally. |
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What was a bootlegger? |
Someone who transported alcohol illegally. |
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What was a rumrunner? |
Someone who smuggled liquor from the West Indies and Canada. |
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How many speakeasies were there in New York? |
32,000 - double the amount prior to Prohibition. |
