America 2

Front 1

Blitzkrieg

Back 1

"Lightning war". German tactic in World War 2. Concentration of air and armored firepower to exploit holes in opposing defense.

Front 2

Island-hop

Back 2

Pacific campaign of 1944. American naval versions of blitzkrieg.

Front 3

Axis Powers

Back 3

Opponents of US and its allies in world war 2.

Front 4

Holocaust

Back 4

Systematic murder of millions of European Jews and others deemed undesirable by Nazi Germany.

Front 5

Victory in Europe

Back 5

May 1945

Front 6

August 1945

Back 6

Victory of war in the Pacific against Empire of Japan.

Front 7

Nisei

Back 7

US citizens born of immigrant Japanese parents.

Front 8

Manhattan Project

Back 8

Scientific research project devoted to developing the atomic bomb in world war 2.

Front 9

Enola Gay

Back 9

The name of the airplane used to carry the first atomic bomb to Hiroshima.

Front 10

G.I. Bill

Back 10

Legislation that eased the return of veterans into American society by providing educational and employment benefits. June 1944.

Front 11

Operation Torch

Back 11

Allied invasion of Axis-held North Africa. 1942.

Front 12

Operation Overlord

Back 12

US and British invasions of France. June 1944.

Front 13

D-Day

Back 13

Day of paratroop drops and amphibious landings on coast of Normandy, France. First stage of Operation Overlord. 6th June 1944.

Front 14

Battle of the Bulge

Back 14

In December 1944, German offensive had penetrated deep into Belgium creating a "bulge". Outnumbered Allied forces attacked from north and south. By January 1945, German forces were destroyed or routed. 77000 Allied casualties.

Front 15

Neutrality Act of 1939

Back 15

Permitted the sale of arms to Britain, France, and China.

Front 16

Lend Lease Act

Back 16

Arrangement of transfer of war supplies to nations who's defense was considered vital to the defense of the US in World War 2. Passed by Congress. Food, machinery, and services.

Front 17

Atlantic Charter

Back 17

Statement of common principles and war aims. By President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill. August 1941.

Front 18

Winston Churchill

Back 18

Politician that delivered the infamous "Iron Curtain" speech.

Front 19

War Powers Act

Back 19

Gave US president the power to reorganize the federal government and create new agencies; establish programs censoring news and information; abridge civil liberties; seize foreign owned property; and award government contracts without bidding.

Front 20

International Monetary Fund

Back 20

International organization established to assist nations in maintaining stable curries. 1945

Front 21

The Council of Economic Advisors

Back 21

Board of three professional economists whose job was to advise the President on economic policy. 1946.

Front 22

Cold War

Back 22

Political and economic confrontation between the Soviet Union and the US that dominated world affairs from 1946 to 1989.

Front 23

Truman Doctrine

Back 23

President Harry S. Truman's statement that the US should assist other nations that were facing external pressure or internal revolution. 1947.

Front 24

The Marshall Plan

Back 24

Secretary of State George C Marshall's European Recovery Plan committing the US to help in the rebuilding of post World War 2 Europe. 5 June 1947.

Front 25

Taft-Hartley Act

Back 25

Federal legislation that substantially limited the tools available to labor unions in labor-management disputes. 1947.

Front 26

Executive Order 9835

Back 26

The order signed by President Harry Truman to establish a loyalty program requiring federal employees to sign loyalty oaths and undergo security checks. 1947.

Front 27

CIA

Back 27

Central Intelligence Agency. Coordinates the gathering and evaluation of military and economic information on other nations. 1947.

Front 28

NSC

Back 28

National Security Council. The formal policymaking body for national defense and foreign relations. Consists of the President, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of State, and others appointed by the President. 1947.

Front 29

NSC-68

Back 29

National Security Paper 68. Policy statement that committed the US to a military approach to the Cold War.

Front 30

Berlin Blockade

Back 30

300 day Soviet blockade of land access to the US, British, and French occupation zones in Berlin. 1948 - 1949.

Front 31

General MacArthur

Back 31

The general that was fired by Truman

Front 32

Dixiecratic Party

Back 32

The State's Rights Democrats that ran Strom Thurmond against President Harry Truman in 1948

Front 33

HUAC

Back 33

The House Committee on Un-American activities. Originally intended to ferret out pro-fascists, but later investigated "un-American propaganda" that attacked constitutional government.

Front 34

NATO

Back 34

North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Organization of 10 European countries, Canada, and the US. These 12 formed a mutual defense pact (NATO). April 1949.

Front 35

McCarthyism

Back 35

Anti-communist attitudes and actions associated with Senator Joe McCarthy. Included smear tactics and innuendo. Early 1950s.

Front 36

Beats

Back 36

A group of writers whose writings challenged American culture. 1950s.

Front 37

Beatnik

Back 37

Term used to designate members of the Beats.

Front 38

House Concurrent Resolution 108

Back 38

Allowed Congress to pass legislation to terminate a specific tribe as a political entity. 1953.

Front 39

Landrum-Griffin Act

Back 39

Act that widened government control over Union affairs and further restricted Union use of picketing and secondary boycotts during strikes. 1959.

Front 40

NASA

Back 40

National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Federal agency created to manage American space flight and exploration. 1958.

Front 41

Soviets

Back 41

Launched the first man-made satellite. The Sputnik.

Front 42

New Frontier

Back 42

President John F Kennedy's domestic and foreign policy initiatives, designed to reinvigorate a sense of national purpose and energy

Front 43

The Alliance for Progress

Back 43

A program of economic aid to Latin America during the Kennedy Administration.

Front 44

Bay of Pigs

Back 44

The site in Cuba of an unsuccessful landing by 1400 anti-castro Cuban refugees. April 1961.

Front 45

Cuban Missile Crisis

Back 45

Crisis between USSR and the US over the placement of Soviet missiles in Cuba.

Front 46

Limited Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty

Back 46

Treaty signed by the US, Britain, and the Soviet Union. Outlawed nuclear testing in atmosphere, in outer spaces, and underwater.

Front 47

CORE

Back 47

Congress for Racial Equality. Civil Rights group committed to nonviolent civil disobedience. 1942.

Front 48

President Lyndon Johnson

Back 48

Most remembered as the leader of equal rights, housing, and education.

Front 49

Tonkin Gulf Resolution

Back 49

Resolution that resulted in escalation of the Vietnam conflict under the leadership of President Johnson.

Front 50

Brown vs. Board of Education

Back 50

The Supreme Court decision that declared "separate but equal" schools for children of different races violated the Constitution. 1954.

Front 51

Southern Manifesto

Back 51

A document signed by 101 members of Congress from southern states that argued that the Supreme Court's decision in Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka itself contradicted the Constitution. 1956.

Front 52

SCLC

Back 52

Southern Christian Leadership Conference. The Black Civil Rights organization founded by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr and other clergy. 1957.

Front 53

NOI

Back 53

Nation of Islam. Religious movement among black Americans that emphasizes self-sufficiency, self-help, and separation from white society.

Front 54

Albany Movement

Back 54

The coalition formed in Albany (small city in southwest) of activists from SNCC, the NAACP and other local groups. 1961.

Front 55

Central High in Little Rock

Back 55

Where the showdown for integration occurred

Front 56

March on Washington

Back 56

Historic gathering of more than 250,000 people in Washington DC. Marching for Jobs and Freedom. 1963.

Front 57

Equal Pay Act of 1963

Back 57

Made it illegal for employers to pay men and women different wages for the same job. 1963.

Front 58

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Back 58

Federal legislation that outlawed discrimination in public accommodations and employment on the basis of race skin color, sex, religion, or national origin. 1964.

Front 59

Freedom Summer

Back 59

Voter registration effort in rural Mississippi organized by black and white Civil Rights workers. 1964.

Front 60

Voting Rights Act

Back 60

Legislation that overturned a variety of practices by which states systematically denied voter registration to minorities. 1965.

Front 61

Immigration and Nationality Act

Back 61

Abolished national origin quotas and established overall hemisphere quotas. 1965.