Amcs 300 Final Key Events & Concepts

Front 1

The Fall of China

Back 1

When/Where: (1949 China goes Communist)
-China goes communist in 1949, we felt betrayed because we though of them like a little sister, the chines revolution forced the US to suspend diplomatic ties with the PRC for decades (peoples republic of China)

Significance/Outcome:
-This event was taken very badly by the United States. It was when Chinese Communist Party took power in China in 1949. Up until this point, the United States had thought of China as an ally and hoped they would not fall prey to the influences of communism, given their close proximity to the U.S.S.R. This event caused the United States to suspend diplomatic ties with China for decades.
-“Although officials in the Truman Administration were not convinced of the strategic importance to the United States of maintaining relations with Nationalist China, no one in the U.S. Government wanted to be charged with facilitating the “loss” of China to communism.” Mao Zedong proclaimed the establishment of the PRC in Oct 49

Front 2

Middlebrow (page 7/8)

Back 2

When/Where:
-Readers digest, saturday review

Significance/Outcome:
-Middlebrow refers to a strategy to get people of the spectrum of middle class in the United States to understand American Foreign Policy. Magazines, plays, musicals, television shows and movies were used as a means to convey the varying outlooks of American involvement in the affairs of other countries and why we were getting involved. Different magazines would portray the situations abroad with respect to their own political and economic beliefs. In turn, they would use soft power tactics to sway the minds of the middle class more towards the channel’s views.

Front 3

The Cold War Consensus

Back 3

When/Where:(1949-51)
-Postwar foreign policy of combining containment and integration approaches;exclusion versus inclusion for stability. Containment was strictly a Cold War ideology that became a central goal after the Truman Doctrine. Integration originated in the nation's fundamental economic structures.

Significance/Outcome:
-The containment of the Soviet Union and the integration of the capitalist free world went hand in hand. The military alliances designed to contain Soviet expansion also facilitated economic integration among member nations, and the foreign aid programs designed to stimulate struggling economies served as channels for delivering military assistance. Promote American style and way of life to encourage the containment then anti-communism. Show how the west works, how great it is to be on our side. Applies in Asia: by incorporating them in our economy, we can get them on board so they will inherently resist communism. economic entanglements can effect change

Front 4

Blacks in the USSR

Back 4

When/Where: (1957, Youth Festival)
-1922 Russia founded on principles of racial equality, world peace, anticolonialism, and economic advancement of the working class
-Invited blacks to come work and help advance Russia (they were treated well, often better than citizens)
-Switch to paternalism gave way to hostility, to apathy, to more anger, = racesim

Significance/Outcome:
-They dealt with substandard living conditions/hygiene/regimentation, bland lifestyle, prohibitions on dating Russian women, and SU surveillance. Many blacks felt as though the Soviet's didn't trust them, and they did not find the racial utopia they had expected from Russia. Unlike in the 1920's and 30's, blacks during this time were less willing to be subjected to harassment, violence, and social stigmas.
-as USSR fragments there will be a New Wave of Xenophobia and Racism in the former soviet union

Front 5

Great Leap Forward

Back 5

When/Where: (1958-1961)
-The campaign was led by Mao Zedong and aimed to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a communist society through rapid industrialization and collectivization
-Communal farming was mandatory and private farming was prosecutable

Significance/Outcome:
-Indirectly(ish) caused the great Chinese famine
-caused economic regression "with 1958 through 1962 being the only period between 1953 and 1985 in which China's economy shrank"
-lead Mao to start the cultural revolution of 1966 (Red Scarf Girl)

Front 6

Monolithic Communism

Back 6

When/Where: (Everywhere & Forever!!)
-All communists are working together to end democracy and force the world communist

Significance/Outcome:
-Monolithic communism is the belief that all communist countries are united in purposes and directed by the Kremlin. In this case that would be Russia, run by Khrushchev and another would be China which was turned into a communist country in 1949 by Mao Zedong. The U.S. (Kennedy) thought that Vietnam namely the Vietminh (or Vietcong) was trying to become a communist country. We can conclude that Mao's influence was limited because the The Vietminh wanted to be considered their own type of people and did not like the Chinese much. However we can look at China being an influence of becoming a communist country because Mao Zedong was sending weapons, arms, and soldiers.

Front 7

Castro’s Cuba

Back 7

When/Where:
-Cuba influencing and supporting African independence movements. Cuba supporting socialist forms of government. Cuba focused on class over race. Afro-Cubans were more prevalent in Cuban society. Afro-Cubans sent to help Angola and other African nations.

Significance/Outcome:
-Castro's Cuba was the first communistic state in the western hemisphere

Front 8

Black Panthers

Back 8

When/Where:
-Violent Civil rights activist party. Called for a revolutionary war against authority during Vietnam.
-Statement "blacks and Vietnamese are fighting the same enemy, america"

Significance/Outcome:
-greatest internal threat to the security of the united states
-Largest political group most susceptible to Communism
-reenforcing the angry black steriotype

Front 9

Fragging

Back 9

When/Where: (Vietnam)
-Exists in terms of our perceptions, because we blame AFAM soldiers. When one American kills another American, usually a superior officer. Simply meant that a fragmentation grenade was used in the murder, but later became an all encompassing term for the action in which was common during the Vietnam war.

Significance/Outcome:
-it happens
-african American lawlessness, authority problems
-dishonorable discharge
-blacks were used as scapegoats
(Blaming Blacks for blowing up bombs in American troop/missions and killing people in their troops. “Dishonorably discharged”. Blacks blamed for this a lot which fed into the “angry black” reputation)

Front 10

School of the Americas.

Back 10

When/Where: (1946)
-First established as the U.S. Army Caribbean Training Center in Panama in 1946
-1963, JFK's Alliance for Progress, renamed the training center to the School of the Americas. Along with the name change, the School changed to a Cold War focus
-Trains LA in counter intelligence, counterinsurgency, as well as military, and gorilla fighting techniques

Significance/Outcome:
-Paternalistic views of the US, thinking our way is right forcing and training others to believe our message and fight communism on their own home front
-Training people to protect their own countries from Communism, and creating a jaded view of Communism altogether
-SOA graduates have led military coups and are responsible for massacres of hundreds of people.

Front 11

Transnational Nationalism

Back 11

When/Where: 1992, Maastricht treaty
-13 countries with transnational solidarity networks talked about themselves as the “thirteenth population” or the “thirteenth state,” or even the “thirteenth nation.”
-The rhetoric of mobilization “recentralizes,” in a non-territorial way, the multiplicity of identities – national, religious, ethnic, or linguistic – that are represented in such a structure.

Significance/Outcome:
- “transnational communities” on a European level, that is, communities structured by individuals or groups settled in different national societies who share some common reference – national, ethnic, religious, linguistic – and define their common interest beyond boundaries.