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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Primary Prevention
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Goal: prevent health problem
Ex: Immunizations, counseling, |
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Secondary
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Goal: Detect diseases early in asymptomatic or preclinical stage
Ex: Screening test (BP, colonoscopy) |
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Tertitary
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Goal: Minimize negative disease state outcomes
Ex: Adjusting therapy |
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Herd Immunity
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Exist due to high proportion of people in the group are immune
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Vaccine
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Product that produces immunity
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Active Immunity
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Developed in response to an antigen. Characterized by presence of an antibody
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Passive immunity
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Immunity conferred by an antibody produced in another host (Infant to mother or IG)
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Onset and duration of Active Immunity
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Onset: within one month
Duration: years or lifelong |
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Onset and duration of Passive Immunity
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Onset: within hours
Duration: Time limited, Usually 6-9 months |
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Immunization to avoid if Neomycin allegeric
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IPV, MMR, varicella
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Immunization to avoid if Stretptomycin, polymyxin B or neomyscin
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IPV, smallpox
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Immunization to avoid if allergic to bakers yeast
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Hep B
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Immunization to avoid if egg allergy
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Flu
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Immunization to avoid if gelatin or neomycin allergy
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Varcella zoster
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Immunization to avoid if gelatin allergy
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MMR
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Types of Live virus vaccines
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MMR, Varicella, nasal flu, Shingles
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Precautions for live vaccines
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Pregnancy, Immune suppression (except HIV). For HIV patients do not give with CD4 of less than 200
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Indications for live vaccines
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Healthy patient between ages of 2-49
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CAGE questionnaire
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1. ever felt you should Cut down on drinking
2. others people Annoyed you by criticizing drinking 3. ever felt Guilty 4. Had a drink first thing in morning Eye-Opener |
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Liver enzymes in alcoholics
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AST > ALT within 3x upper limits of normal (resolves with 1-3 months of sobriety)
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Macrocytosis in alcoholics
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MCV greater than 96 with normal H&H (resolves with 2-3 months of sobriety)
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Hypertriglyceridemia
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triglycerides increased with normal hdl, ldl (resolves with 1-2 months of sobriety)
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Breast cancer screening
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clinical breast exam every 3 years age 20-30
Mammography - annual at 40 MRI- high risk only (annually) |
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Colorectal cancer screening
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fecal occult blood- annually at 50
sigmoidoscopy q5 years at 50 OR double contrast barium enema q5 years OR colonoscopy q 10 years |
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False positive
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Persons without the disease who were deemed to have it
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False negative
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Persons who had the disease but were deemed without it
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True positive
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Had the disease and test showed it
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True negative
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Did not have the disease and test showed it negative
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Sensitivity
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Likelihood of a true-positive disease (helps rule out disease)
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Specificity
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Likelihood of a true-negative results in those who are healthy (helps rule in disease)
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Prevalence
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proportion of sampled individuals who posses the condition at a given time
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Incidence
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Proportion who develop over a defined period of time
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