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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 2 top diseases you'll see regarding Ophtho?
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-Glaucoma
-Diabetic retinopathy |
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What is glaucoma essentially?
-cause -result |
Optic neuritis
-Caused by increased IOP >20 mm mg -Results in vision loss |
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What are the 2 types of glaucoma and which is more common?
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Open angle - more common
Closed angle |
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Which one is an emergency; open or closed angle glaucoma?
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Closed angle
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In what race is open angle glaucoma more common?
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African americans
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What are the 3 diagnostic features for open angle glaucoma?
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-Losing peripheral vision
-Increased IOP -Abnormal (>50%) cup to disk ratio |
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What are 4 topical treatments for open angle glaucoma?
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-Nonselective B-blockers (timolo)
-Adrenergic agonists (epinephrine) -Cholinergic agonists (pilocarpine or carbachol) -CA inhibitors (dorzolamide) |
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What is the main thing to remember about closed angle glaucoma?
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It is an EMERGENCY
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What is closed angle glaucoma caused by?
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-Anterior chamber blockage
-prevents aqueous humor from draining -increased IOP |
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What is normal intraocular pressure?
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8-21mmhg
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What can the IOP be in closed angle glaucoma?
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>30 mm hg even
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What is a primary cause of closed angle glaucoma?
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Anatomic predisposition
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What are 2 secondary causes of CAG?
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-fibrovascular membranes
-hemorrhage |
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What are 4 risk factors for closed angle glaucoma?
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-Family history
-Female -Asian -Age 40-50 |
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What are the predominant presenting symptoms of closed angle glaucoma?
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-Eye pain
-Headache -Nausea |
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What does the eye look like in closed angle glaucoma?
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-Conjunctival injection
-Halos around lights -Pupils fixed and moderately dilated |
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What is the first step in treating closed angle glaucoma?
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Get an ophtho consult STAT
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What is pilocarpine and what does it do?
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A cholinergic agonist that constricts the pupils
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What are the 3 types of treatment for closed angle glaucoma?
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-Pilocarpine
-Acetazolamide and timolol to reduce IOP -Laser iridotomy |
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What are 2 systemic treatments for closed angle glaucoma?
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-Acetazolamide
-Mannitol |
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What is the characteristic progression of Diabetic retinopathy?
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Asymptomatic, progressive vision loss
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Why is diabetic retinopathy so common?
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It is the leading cause of blindness in the US
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What are the 4 fundoscopic findings seen in diabetic retinopathy?
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-Neovascularization
-Microaneurysms -Flame hemorrhages -Macular edema |
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What is the only hope of treatment for diabetic retinopathy?
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Laser photocoagulation surgery or Vitrectomy
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What, other than surgery, can slow the progression of diabetic retinopathy?
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Tight glucose and BP control in diabetic patients
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