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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Do the atoms of each element have the same proton numbers? |
No |
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What pattern does arranging elements in order of their proton number show? |
Repeating patterns in the properties of elements |
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Did the scientific community accept the attempts to find connections between elements? |
No, the early attempts to find connections between chemical properties of the elements and their relative atomic masses were dismissed |
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How did mendeleev use his periodic table to predict the existence of unknown elements? |
He could tell there were gaps in the pattern of atomic mass and number and due to the elements properties around them he could predict the properties of the element |
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What is a group of elements shown as in the periodic table and how does this relate to the pattern in the elements? |
A group of elements is a vertical column Elements in the same group have similar properties |
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What is a period in the periodic table? |
A row of elements |
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What is the chemical symbol for lithium? |
Li |
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What is the chemical symbol for sodium? |
Na |
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What is the chemical symbol for potassium? |
K |
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What do alkali metals look like when cut? |
Shiny at first but tarnish rapidly due to reaction with oxygen |
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Describe the reactions of lithium, sodium and potassium with cold water? |
Lithium-Fizzes steadily, gradually disappearsSodium-Fizzes rapidly, melts into a ball and disappears quicklyPotassium-Ignites with sparks and a lilac flame, disappears very quickly |
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When alkali metals react with water what are the products? |
Hydrogen and an alkaline solution of a hydroxide The hydroxide has the formula MOH (M being the alkali metal |
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When alkaline metals react with chlorine what do they form? |
They react vigorously to form colourless, crystalline salts The salts have the formula MCl (M being the alkaline metal) |
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What happens to the reactivity of the alkali metals as you go down the group? |
They become more reactive |
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What are the precautions necessary when working with group 1 metals and alkalis? |
• Store alkali metals under liquid paraffin. Check potassium samples regularly for signs of yellowing. • Handle sample using forceps, wear eye protection and use safety screens. • Conduct all investigations on a small scale - generally use a rice grain-sized piece. • Make sure everybody involved (eg, technicians clearing away) understands the hazards. • Take steps to prevent theft. |
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What is the chemical symbol for chlorine? |
Cl |
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What is the chemical symbol for iodine? |
I |
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What is the chemical symbol for bromine? |
Br |
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What state is chlorine at room temperature? |
A gas |
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What state is bromine at room temperature? |
A liquid |
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What state is iodine at room temperature? |
A solid |
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What are the colours of iodine, bromine and chlorine at room temperature? |
Iodine-black Bromine-brown Chlorine-green |
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What molecules do halogens consist of? |
Diatomic molecules |
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Do halogens become more or less reactive as you go down the group? |
Less reactive |
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How can a trend in reactivity for halogens be shown? |
By their displacement reactions By their reactions with alkali metals By their reactions with iron |
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What are the safety precautions necessary when working with halogens? |
They may only be used in a well ventilated fume cupboard |
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What are the formulas of hydrogen and water? |
Hydrogen-H2 Water-H2O |
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Describe the structure of an atom? |
An atom has a nucleus with protons and neutrons in it The rest is mainly empty space Electrons are arranged in shells around the nucleus |
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In an atom, what is the number of protons equal to? |
The number of electrons |
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What are the elements in the periodic table in order of? |
Proton number |
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What 3 most common elements emit distinctive flame colours when heated? |
Lithium Sodium Potassium |
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What is a line spectrum? |
A line spectrum is the pattern of light emitted specific to each element |
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What has helped chemists discover new elements? |
The study of spectra |
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What happens to a shell across a period? |
It fills with electrons |
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How does the group number relate to the amount of electrons in the outer shell? |
The group number is the same as the number of electrons in the outer shell |
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What determines the chemical properties of an element? |
It's electron arrangement |
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What is an ion? |
An atom (or group of atoms) that has gained or lost electrons and has an overall charge |
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What are compounds of group 1 and group 7? |
They are ionic |
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Why do solid ionic compounds for crystals? |
Because the ions are arranged in a regular lattice |
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Describe what happens to the ions when an ionic crystal melts or dissolves in water? |
The ions are separate and are free to move |
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Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water? |
Because the ions are charged and they are able to move around independently in the liquid |
