Amber Chemistry C1

Front 1

What are some elements from the periodic table?

Back 1

Front 2

Whats ionic bonding?

Back 2

•metal and non-metals
•metals loose electrons and become positive ions, non-metals gain electrons to form negative ions.

Hint 2

Front 3

Whats the limestone cycle?

Back 3

Front 4

Explain fractional distillation of crude oil?

Back 4

The fractionating column works continuously with heated crude oil piped in the bottom. The vaporised oil rises up the column and the various fractions are constantly tapped off at the different levels where they condense.

Hint 4

Front 5

Why cant you use pure iron?

Back 5

•the pure iron has a regular arrangement of identical atoms
•the layers of atoms can slide past each other
•making the iron soft and too bendy for most uses

Front 6

Why cant you use pure iron?

Back 6

•the pure iron has a regular arrangement of identical atoms
•the layers of atoms can slide past each other
•making the iron soft and too bendy for most uses

Front 7

Why are alloys harder than pure metals?

Back 7

•different elements have different sized atoms.
•so when they are mixed together they will upset the layers of pure iron atoms
•making it more difficult for then to slide over each other
•so alloys are harder

Front 8

Why cant you use pure iron?

Back 8

•the pure iron has a regular arrangement of identical atoms
•the layers of atoms can slide past each other
•making the iron soft and too bendy for most uses

Front 9

Why are alloys harder than pure metals?

Back 9

•different elements have different sized atoms.
•so when they are mixed together they will upset the layers of pure iron atoms
•making it more difficult for then to slide over each other
•so alloys are harder

Front 10

What are the first 4 alkanes?

Back 10

Front 11

Why cant you use pure iron?

Back 11

•the pure iron has a regular arrangement of identical atoms
•the layers of atoms can slide past each other
•making the iron soft and too bendy for most uses

Front 12

Why are alloys harder than pure metals?

Back 12

•different elements have different sized atoms.
•so when they are mixed together they will upset the layers of pure iron atoms
•making it more difficult for then to slide over each other
•so alloys are harder

Front 13

What are the first 4 alkanes?

Back 13

Front 14

Whats the alkane formula?

Back 14

Front 15

Why cant you use pure iron?

Back 15

•the pure iron has a regular arrangement of identical atoms
•the layers of atoms can slide past each other
•making the iron soft and too bendy for most uses

Front 16

Why are alloys harder than pure metals?

Back 16

•different elements have different sized atoms.
•so when they are mixed together they will upset the layers of pure iron atoms
•making it more difficult for then to slide over each other
•so alloys are harder

Front 17

What are the first 4 alkanes?

Back 17

Front 18

Whats the alkane formula?

Back 18

Front 19

Whats the trend in shorter hydrocarbon molecules?

Back 19

•the shorter the molecule the more runny -viscous-the hydrocarbon is
•the shorter the molecules the more volatile they are -means they turn into a gas at a lower temperature - and the lower the boiling point
•the shorter the molecules, the more flammable the hydrocarbon is

Front 20

Why cant you use pure iron?

Back 20

•the pure iron has a regular arrangement of identical atoms
•the layers of atoms can slide past each other
•making the iron soft and too bendy for most uses

Front 21

Why are alloys harder than pure metals?

Back 21

•different elements have different sized atoms.
•so when they are mixed together they will upset the layers of pure iron atoms
•making it more difficult for then to slide over each other
•so alloys are harder

Front 22

What are the first 4 alkanes?

Back 22

Front 23

Whats the alkane formula?

Back 23

Front 24

Whats the trend in shorter hydrocarbon molecules?

Back 24

•the shorter the molecule the more runny -viscous-the hydrocarbon is
•the shorter the molecules the more volatile they are -means they turn into a gas at a lower temperature - and the lower the boiling point
•the shorter the molecules, the more flammable the hydrocarbon is

Front 25

How is acid rain formed?

Back 25

•sulphur dioxide is one of the gases that causes it
•when it mixes with clouds it forms dilute sulphuric acid, then falls as acid rain

Hint 25

Front 26

Why cant you use pure iron?

Back 26

•the pure iron has a regular arrangement of identical atoms
•the layers of atoms can slide past each other
•making the iron soft and too bendy for most uses

Front 27

Why are alloys harder than pure metals?

Back 27

•different elements have different sized atoms.
•so when they are mixed together they will upset the layers of pure iron atoms
•making it more difficult for then to slide over each other
•so alloys are harder

Front 28

What are the first 4 alkanes?

Back 28

Front 29

Whats the alkane formula?

Back 29

Front 30

Whats the trend in shorter hydrocarbon molecules?

Back 30

•the shorter the molecule the more runny -viscous-the hydrocarbon is
•the shorter the molecules the more volatile they are -means they turn into a gas at a lower temperature - and the lower the boiling point
•the shorter the molecules, the more flammable the hydrocarbon is

Front 31

How is acid rain formed?

Back 31

•sulphur dioxide is one of the gases that causes it
•when it mixes with clouds it forms dilute sulphuric acid, then falls as acid rain

Hint 31

Front 32

Why do we crack crude oil?

Back 32

•long-chain hydrocarbons are thick and gloopy which isn't useful so they go through fractional distillation and are turned into smaller ones-cracking-
•some of the products are useful
•it also produces ethene which is needed for making plastic

Front 33

Why cant you use pure iron?

Back 33

•the pure iron has a regular arrangement of identical atoms
•the layers of atoms can slide past each other
•making the iron soft and too bendy for most uses

Front 34

Why are alloys harder than pure metals?

Back 34

•different elements have different sized atoms.
•so when they are mixed together they will upset the layers of pure iron atoms
•making it more difficult for then to slide over each other
•so alloys are harder

Front 35

What are the first 4 alkanes?

Back 35

Front 36

Whats the alkane formula?

Back 36

Front 37

Whats the trend in shorter hydrocarbon molecules?

Back 37

•the shorter the molecule the more runny -viscous-the hydrocarbon is
•the shorter the molecules the more volatile they are -means they turn into a gas at a lower temperature - and the lower the boiling point
•the shorter the molecules, the more flammable the hydrocarbon is

Front 38

How is acid rain formed?

Back 38

•sulphur dioxide is one of the gases that causes it
•when it mixes with clouds it forms dilute sulphuric acid, then falls as acid rain

Hint 38

Front 39

Why do we crack crude oil?

Back 39

•long-chain hydrocarbons are thick and gloopy which isn't useful so they are cracked
•some are useful as fuels
•it also produces ethene which is needed for making plastic

Front 40

What is cracking?

Back 40

•cracking is a thermal decomposition reaction- breaking molecules down by heating them
•heat the long chain hydrocarbon to vaporise it
•the vapour is then passed over a powdered catalyst
•temp 400-700
•aluminium oxide is the catalyst used
•the molecules split apart-crack- on the surface

Front 41

Some products of cracking?

Back 41

Front 42

How can alkenes be used to produce polymers?

Back 42

•polymerisation- means joining together lots of small alkene molecules(monomers) to form large molecules(polymers)

Hint 42

Many ethene molecules can be joined to produce poly(ethene)

Front 43

What are the benefits of vegetable oils for cooking?

Back 43

•vegetable oils have higher boiling points than water, this means they can cook foods at a higher temp and quicker
•gives food a different flavour
•increases the amount of energy we get from eating it

Front 44

Some products of cracking?

Back 44

Front 45

How can alkenes be used to produce polymers?

Back 45

•polymerisation- means joining together lots of small alkene molecules(monomers) to form large molecules(polymers)

Hint 45

Many ethene molecules can be joined to produce poly(ethene)

Front 46

What are the benefits of vegetable oils for cooking?

Back 46

•vegetable oils have higher boiling points than water, this means they can cook foods at a higher temp and quicker
•gives food a different flavour
•increases the amount of energy we get from eating it

Front 47

Saturated or unsaturated oils

Back 47

•unsaturated oils contain c=c double bonds
•oils and fats contain long-chain molecules
•and unsaturated oil will decolourise bromine water
•monounsaturated fats contain one c=c double bond
•polyunsaturated fats contain more than one

Front 48

Some products of cracking?

Back 48

Front 49

How can alkenes be used to produce polymers?

Back 49

•polymerisation- means joining together lots of small alkene molecules(monomers) to form large molecules(polymers)

Hint 49

Many ethene molecules can be joined to produce poly(ethene)

Front 50

What are the benefits of vegetable oils for cooking?

Back 50

•vegetable oils have higher boiling points than water, this means they can cook foods at a higher temp and quicker
•gives food a different flavour
•increases the amount of energy we get from eating it

Front 51

Saturated or unsaturated oils

Back 51

•unsaturated oils contain c=c double bonds
•oils and fats contain long-chain molecules
•and unsaturated oil will decolourise bromine water
•monounsaturated fats contain one c=c double bond
•polyunsaturated fats contain more than one

Front 52

How to hydrogenate unsaturated oils?

Back 52

•liquid at room temp
•they can be hardened by reacting them with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst at about 60 degrees
•the hydrogen reacts with the double bonded carbons and opens double bonds

Front 53

Some products of cracking?

Back 53

Front 54

How can alkenes be used to produce polymers?

Back 54

•polymerisation- means joining together lots of small alkene molecules(monomers) to form large molecules(polymers)

Hint 54

Many ethene molecules can be joined to produce poly(ethene)

Front 55

What are the benefits of vegetable oils for cooking?

Back 55

•vegetable oils have higher boiling points than water, this means they can cook foods at a higher temp and quicker
•gives food a different flavour
•increases the amount of energy we get from eating it

Front 56

Saturated or unsaturated oils

Back 56

•unsaturated oils contain c=c double bonds
•oils and fats contain long-chain molecules
•and unsaturated oil will decolourise bromine water
•monounsaturated fats contain one c=c double bond
•polyunsaturated fats contain more than one

Front 57

How to hydrogenate unsaturated oils?

Back 57

•liquid at room temp
•they can be hardened by reacting them with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst at about 60 degrees
•the hydrogen reacts with the double bonded carbons and opens double bonds

Front 58

Hydrogenated oils benefits

Back 58

•have higher melting points(good for spreads)

Front 59

Whats an emulsion?

Back 59

•you can mix oil and water to create an emulsion which are made up of droplets of one liquid suspended in another liquid.

Front 60

Hydrophobic and hydrophillic

Back 60

•Hydrophilic head likes water and hates oil
•Hydrophobic tail likes oil and hates water