Amandatalbot/micro2400 Power Point Questions Chapter 4 Part 5

Front 1

Bacterial groups that lack the cell wall structure of gram+ and gram- bacteria are said to have ? cell walls.

Back 1

Non-typical

Front 2

Non-typical cell walls can stain +or- in the ? stain.

Back 2

gram

Front 3

Mycobacterium and Nocardia stain gram ? and contain peptidoglycan, but the bulk of their cell wall is composed of unique types of lipids

Back 3

+

Front 4

A very long chain fatty acid in Mycobacterium and Nocardia is ? that contributes to the pathogenicity of this group

Back 4

mycolic acid

Front 5

Mycobacterium are bacteria that are determined by an ? staining technique used to diagnose ? and ?

Back 5

acid-fast
tuberculosis
leprosy

Front 6

Hot ? fuchsin dye is held fast(tenaciously) to these cells so that an ?-? solution will not remove the dye

Back 6

carbol
acid/alcohol

Front 7

Acid-fast bacteria stain ? in color

Back 7

Pink

Front 8

Non-Acid-fast bacteria stain ? in color

Back 8

Blue

Front 9

Archae exhibit ? and chemically ? cell walls. Some are composed of almost entirely of ? and others are pure ? They all lack a true ? structure

Back 9

unusual
distinct
polysaccharides
protein
peptidoglycan

Front 10

Because a few archaea and all mycoplasms lack a cell wall entirely, their cell membrane must serve the dual functions of ? and ?

Back 10

support
transport

Front 11

? have no cell walls

Back 11

Mycoplasmas

Front 12

Mycoplasma cell membrane is stabilized by ? and is resistant to ?

Back 12

sterols
lysis

Front 13

Mycoplasmas are very small ?

Back 13

bacteria

Front 14

Mycoplasmas range in shape from ? to ?

Back 14

filamentous
coccus

Front 15

Mycoplasmas are not ? parasites, so they don't need a host.

Back 15

obligate

Front 16

Mycoplasmas can be grown on ? media

Back 16

artificial

Front 17

Mycoplasmas can be found in many ?

Back 17

habitats

Front 18

An important medical species of mycoplasma is Mycoplasma- ?

Back 18

pneumonia

Front 19

Bacteria that lose their cell wall during part of their life cycle are called?

Back 19

L-forms

Front 20

L-forms can arise naturally from a ? in the wall forming genes

Back 20

mutation

Front 21

L-forms can be induced ? by treatment with a chemical(lysozyme or penicillin) that disrupts the cell wall

Back 21

artificially

Front 22

When a gram+ cell loses or has no cell wall(peptidoglycan layer) it becomes a ?, which is a ? cell bounded only by cell membrane that is highly susceptible to ?

Back 22

protoplast
fragile
lysis

Front 23

When a gram- cell loses or has no cell wall(peptidoglycan layer) it becomes a ? which is not as weak as protoplast.

Back 23

spheroplast

Front 24

L-forms of Gram+ cells known as ? are more susceptible to ? than are L-forms of Gram- cells known as ?

Back 24

protoplast
lysis
spheroplast

Front 25

Lysozyme is naturally in our bodies in ? and ? and it helps us to prevent infections by breaking down ?

Back 25

tears
sweat
bacteria

Front 26

Lipopolysaccharides(lps) are a ?/? combo that make gram- cells so ? and the lipid portion is the causative agent of ?, they act as pyrogenes that induce the ? to raise your internal thermostat

Back 26

fat/sugar
toxic
fever
hypothalamus

Front 27

What proteins go all the way through the the phospholipid bilayer ?

Back 27

Integral proteins

Front 28

What proteins don't go all the way through the phospholipid bilayer?

Back 28

peripheral proteins

Front 29

Lipopolysaccharides are contained only in the ?

Back 29

outer-membrane

Front 30

The innermost layer of the outer-membrane is a ? layer anchored by means of ? to the peptidoglycan layer below

Back 30

phospholipid
lipoproteins

Front 31

The outer-membrane serves as a partial chemical ? that only relatively ? molecules can penetrate

Back 31

sieve
small

Front 32

Access to the peptidoglycan layer of a gram- cell is provide by special membrane channels formed by ? proteins

Back 32

porin

Front 33

Porin proteins are also ? proteins that penetrate all the way through the phospholipid bilayer

Back 33

integral

Front 34

When we talk about the site of a function we are talking about an ? protein which we can say is an ?

Back 34

embedded
enzyme

Front 35

The enzymes for functions such as ? reactions, ? processing and ? are located in the periphery of the cell wall

Back 35

energy
nutrient
synthesis

Front 36

Some enzymes are integral like the ones that create the ? motive force

Back 36

proton

Front 37

The bacterial enzyme ? is related to ATP synthase in that they both are involved in creating ?

Back 37

flagellin
energy

Front 38

Starch is a great big molecule of ? units held together by ? bonds.

Back 38

glucose
glycosidic