Amanda Talbot Chapter 6 Part 4

Front 1

What are the phases of dsDNA?

Back 1

early and late

Front 2

In the ? phase mRNA is transcribed and sent out
into the cytoplasm to be translated into viral proteins needed to replicate the viral DNA back in the nucleus.

Back 2

early

Front 3

In the ? phase parts are transcribed and translated that form the capsid and other structures

Back 3

late

Front 4

Pos. sense RNA makes ? and ? which has a complimentary copy(pos.senseRNA) made from it, which gets packed up in the new ?

Back 4

proteins
neg. sense RNA
virions

Front 5

neg.senseRNA needs special enzymes called ? that are not carried by the virus, they are made right away from the proteins

Back 5

replicases

Front 6

? replicate RNA in the cytoplasm

Back 6

replicases

Front 7

Viruses like flu viruses are bits and pieces of ? material so ? all over the host cell are making components of the virus quickly

Back 7

genetic

ribosomes

Front 8

A virus absorbs specifically to ? sites on the host cell membrane

Back 8

receptor

Front 9

Because of the exact fit required viruses have a limited ? range

Back 9

host

Front 10

flexible cell membrane of the host is penetrated by the whole virus which is called ? or only its ? enters the cell

Back 10

endocytosis
nucleic acid

Front 11

The viral ? can also directly fuse with the host cell membrane

Back 11

envelope

Front 12

Once a virus enters a host cell in endocytosis it is ? and the ? in a vacuole dissolve the envelope and capsid

Back 12

uncoated
enzymes

Front 13

DNA virus needs to get into the ? to be transcribed and RNA virus can be translated in the ?

Back 13

nucleus

cytoplasm

Front 14

Protein ? occurs in the cytoplasm and then goes back into the nucleus.

Back 14

translation

Front 15

? DNA viruses interact directly with the DNA of their host cell

Back 15

ds-double stranded

Front 16

Viral DNA is synthesized by using a host cell's ?

Back 16

nucleotides

Front 17

RNA viruses are replicated and assembled in the ?

Back 17

cytoplasm

Front 18

Mature virus particles are constructed from the growing ? of parts that are located within the ?

Back 18

pool

cytoplasm

Front 19

? carry the message for how a virus is assembled

Back 19

viral genes

Front 20

Nonenveloped and complex viruses are released when the cell ?'s / ?'s

Back 20

lyses/ruptures

Front 21

Enveloped viruses are liberated by ?/?

Back 21

budding
exocytosis

Front 22

When cells fuse together to form large cells with many nuclei, it is called ?

Back 22

syncytia

Front 23

? effects are virus induced damage to the cell that alters its microscopic appearance

Back 23

cytopathic

Front 24

compact masses of viruses or damaged cell organelles are ? bodies

Back 24

inclusion

Front 25

What are the cytopathic changes seen in virus infected animal cells caused by Smallpox virus

Back 25

cell round up; inclusions appear in cytoplasm

Front 26

cytopathic changes in virus infected animal cells caused by
Herpes simplex

Back 26

Cells fuse together to form syncytia; nuclear inclusions

Front 27

cytopathic changes in virus infected animal cells caused by
Adenovirus

Back 27

clumping of cells; nuclear inclusions

Front 28

cytopathic changes in virus infected animal cells caused by
Polio virus

Back 28

Cell lysis; no inclusions; more common in non-enveloped virus

Front 29

cytopathic changes in virus infected animal cells caused by
Reovirus

Back 29

Cell enlargement; vacuoles and inclusions in cytoplasm

Front 30

cytopathic changes in virus infected animal cells caused by
Influenza virus

Back 30

Cells round up; no inclusions

Front 31

What cytopathic changes in virus infected animal cells caused by
Rabies virus?

Back 31

No change in cell shape

Front 32

cytopathic changes in virus infected animal cells caused by
Measles virus

Back 32

Syncitia form

Front 33

hep-A is ? in length as viruses go and hep-C is ? in as viruses go.

Back 33

Acute
Chronic

Front 34

When a cell is not lysed quickly by a virus it is said to be laying in a ? chronic state, periodically becoming activated.

Back 34

latent

Front 35

A virus that enters a host cell and permanently alters its genetic material leading to cancer is termed an ? virus

Back 35

oncogenic

Front 36

The effect of an oncogenic virus on a host cell is termed ?

Back 36

transformation

Front 37

Mammalian viruses capable of initiating tumors are termed ?, they throw off the cells normal control mechanisms

Back 37

oncoviruses

Front 38

viruses that infect bacteria are called?

Back 38

bacteriophages/phages

Front 39

Most phages contain dsDNA, why?

Back 39

dsDNA is the most commonly found

Front 40

phages often make the bacteria they infect more ? form humans

Back 40

pathogenic

Front 41

bacteria have a single ? chromosome made of ? DNA

Back 41

circular
double stranded(ds)

Front 42

Bacteriophages have the ability to lay ? and bring ? genes along with them so they can pass these genes along to the bacteria which will continue to express them in its offspring

Back 42

latent
pathogenic