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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who first proposed the term Virus?
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Louis Pasteur
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Who showed that a disease in tobacco was caused by a virus?
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Ivanovski and Beijerinck
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Who discovered an animal virus that causes foot and mouth disease?
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Loeffler and Frosch
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Who crystallized TMV and found the virus to still be active?
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Wendell Stanley
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? have evolved to be able to infect every type of cell
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Viruses
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Viruses cannot exist ? from the host cell.
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independently
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Viruses are not considered living things they are considered ?
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obligate intracellular parasites
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Viruses are referred to as ? particles not just lifeless molecules, they are either ? or ?
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infective
active inactive |
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Intracellular parasites that have no other choice but to live in a cell are called ?
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obligate intracellular parasites
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Viruses cannot multiply unless they ? a specific host cell and instruct its genetic and ? machinery to make and release new viruses
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invade
metabolic |
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Viruses are not ?
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cells
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viruses do not independently fulfill the characteristics of ?
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life
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Viruses are ? macromolecules outside the host cell and ? only inside host cells
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inactive
active |
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Virus basic structure consists of a ? shell called the ? surrounding a ? core
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protein
capsid nucleic acid |
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The nucleic acid of a virus can be either ? or ? but not both
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DNA
RNA |
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Viral nucleic acid can take what 4 forms?
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ds DNA
ss DNA ds RNA ss RNA |
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Molecules on a virus' surface impart high specificity for ? to host cell
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attachment
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Viruses multiply by taking control of host cell's ? material and regulating the ? and assembly of new viruses.
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genetic
synthesis |
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Viruses lack enzymes for most ? processes
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metabolic
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Viruses lack enzymes synthesizing ?
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proteins
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? are the smallest infectious agents other than ?
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viruses
prions |
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What type of microscopy is used to see viruses ?
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electron microscopy
transmission electron microscopy |
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Bacterial viruses are known as ? or ? and are fairly large compared to their host cell.
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bacteriophages
phages |
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Animal viruses can range in size from ? nm in diameter up to ? nm in length
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20
450 |
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Viral components consist of ?, ?, and ?
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capsids
nucleic acids envelopes |
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Capsids are outer components of subunits that give rise to their ? appearance
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crystalline
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Viral envelopes are in ? of the 20 families of ? viruses
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13
animal |
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If a virus has no envelope it is called a ? virus
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naked
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What shapes can the nucleic acid take in the capsid of a virus?
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circular, linear, bits and pieces
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ssRNA can be ? or ? sense RNA
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positive
negative |
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The capsid and nucleic acid together are called the ?
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nucleocapsid
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A fully formed virus that is able to establish an infection in a host cell is called a ?
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virion
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most plant viruses do not have a ?
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outermembrane
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mRNA gets translated into proteins at the ?
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ribosome
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+ senseRNA is like mRNA and can be turned into ?
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proteins
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negative sense RNA has to have a ? copy made of it, which is a ? sense RNA, before it can make protiens
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complimentary
positive |
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An envelope can be made of ? or ?
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nuclear membrane
cellular membrane |
