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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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PAMP =?; Phagocytes are now known to be able to recognize some microorganisms as foreign because of signal molecules that microbes have on their surfaces. The signals are known as PAMPs
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P=pathogen
A=associated M=molecular P=pattern |
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? is involved against viruses and other microbes in immune regulation and intercommunication.
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Interferon
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All 3 classes of ? are produced in response to viruses, RNA, immune products, and various antigens.
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interferon
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? is considered a versatile backup system.
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Complement
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Complement is a system of over 30 blood proteins that work in concert to destroy ? and certain ?
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bacteria
viruses |
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Macrophages release two potent pyrogens ? and ?
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interleukin 1
TNF(Tumor necrosis factor) |
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A ? reaction is a sequential physiological response like that of blood clotting, in which the first substance activates the second, etc. until the desired product is reached
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cascade
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A cascade reaction is like a ? effect.
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domino
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Name the 3 different complement pathways?,?,?
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classical
lectin alternative |
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The ? pathway is activated by the presence of antibody bound to microorganisms.
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Classical
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The ? pathway is activated when a host serum protein binds a sugar called mannan present in the walls of fungi and other microbes
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lectin
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The ? pathway begins when complement proteins bind to normal cell wall and surface components of blood
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alternative
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In general the complement cascade includes the four stages of ?,?,?,?
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initiation
amplification and cascade polymerization membrane attack |
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Whether classical, lectin, or alternative the functioning end product is a large ring shape protein termed the ?
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M=membrane
A=attack C=complex |
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The MAC complex can digest ? in the cell membranes of bacteria, cells, and enveloped viruses, which destroys them
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holes
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? is a chemical that lets WBC's communicate with each other.
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interleukin
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Phagocytosis extracts immunogenic info known as ? from foreign matter and displays them.
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antigens
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?-potent cells can become anything
? potent cells become bone marrow |
Toti
Pleuri |
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Interferons are ? cytokines and immune stimulants
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anti-viral
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viral infections are found ?
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intracellular
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Interferon can inhibit the expression of ? genes and have ? suppressing effects
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cancer
tumor |
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? and ? interferons are released to the neighboring cell to let it know that a virus is on its way.
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alpha and beta interferons
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The alpha and beta interferons that are released to neighboring cells tell them to produce ?
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Anti-viral proteins
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? is putting handles on bacteria
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opsonization
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C3b is an ? in all 3 pathways that allows ? to occur
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opsonin(handle)
phagocytosis |
